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  1. Early childcare duration and students' later outcomes in Europe
    Autor*in: Del Boca, Daniela; Monfardini, Chiara; See, Sarah Grace
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The importance of investment in early childhood education (ECE) has been widely documented in the literature. Among the benefits, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, is its potential to mitigate educational inequality. However,... mehr

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    The importance of investment in early childhood education (ECE) has been widely documented in the literature. Among the benefits, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, is its potential to mitigate educational inequality. However, some evidence also suggests that the positive effects of ECE on later outcomes tend to dissipate over time, leaving children who attended such programmes no better off academically than those who did not. This paper studies the relationship between students' years spent in ECE and the results of their educational assessment outcomes at age 15.Using PISA survey data for fourteen European countries from 2015 and 2018, we conduct a cross-country comparison of student performance in reading, mathematics, and science, correlating the results to early childcare and pre-primary school attendance. Our findings show that participation in early childcare is associated with better assessments at age 15, but that the benefit is nonlinear and peaks at 3-4 years of childcare attendance. Examination of gender heterogeneity patterns reveals differences in girls' and boys' performance on the assessments; however, there are no gender differences in the relationship between childcare participation and test outcomes. We also explore differences related to the type of educational system attended and find distinct results for the unitary and separate settings.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263796
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9866 (2022)
    Schlagworte: early childhood education; pre-primary; early investments; human capital; assessments; gender; institution; unitary; separate; PISA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  2. Universal early childhood education and adolescent risky behavior
    Autor*in: Ando, Michihito; Mori, Hiroaki; Yamaguchi, Shintarō
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The evidence for the effects of early childhood education on risky behavior in adolescence is limited. This paper studies the consequences of a reform of a large-scale universal kindergarten program in Japan. Exploiting a staggered expansion of... mehr

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    The evidence for the effects of early childhood education on risky behavior in adolescence is limited. This paper studies the consequences of a reform of a large-scale universal kindergarten program in Japan. Exploiting a staggered expansion of kindergartens across regions, we estimate the effects of the reform using an event study model. Our estimates indicate that the reform significantly reduced juvenile violent arrests and the rate of teenage pregnancy, but we do not find that the reform increased the high school enrollment rate. We suspect that improved non-cognitive skills can account for the reduction of risky behavior in adolescence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265752
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15531
    Schlagworte: early childhood education; crime; teenage pregnancy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The effect of structural reforms
    do they differ between GDP and adjusted household disposable income?
    Autor*in: Botev, Jamila; Égert, Balázs; Turner, David
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The paper considers whether structural reforms have a different impact on adjusted household disposable income (AHDI) compared to GDP, particularly given that while the latter is currently used as the basis for the OECD Economics Department's... mehr

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    The paper considers whether structural reforms have a different impact on adjusted household disposable income (AHDI) compared to GDP, particularly given that while the latter is currently used as the basis for the OECD Economics Department's framework for evaluating the effect of structural policy reforms, the former is arguably a better measure of welfare. The main findings are that there are indeed a number of structural policies where the long-run effects on GDP and AHDI are proportionately different, so that percentage changes in the two aggregates are significantly different following a policy reform. One group of structural policies, typically those where the transmission mechanism depends mainly on productivity and capital intensity (including cuts in corporate income tax and policies to simulate business R&D) or which can weaken the bargaining power of labour (for example a loosening of EPL), have weaker long-run positive effects on AHDI than GDP. Other structural reform policies (including in-kind family benefits, family cash benefits and cuts in the income tax wedge) have a magnified effect on AHDI, so that following a policy reform, long-run percentage changes in AHDI are larger than for GDP. Cross-referencing the analysis in the paper with structural reform priorities previously identified in the OECD's regular Going for Growth surveillance exercise, suggests that increased spending on childcare and early childhood education might usefully be part of any policy package to address the 'cost of living crisis' currently being faced by many OECD households.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266000
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9965 (2022)
    Schlagworte: household disposable income; structural reforms; childcare; early childhood education; in-kind family benefits; tax wedge; employment; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Universal early childhood education and adolescent risky behavior
    Autor*in: Ando, Michihito; Mori, Hiroaki; Yamaguchi, Shintarō
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, Department of Economics, University College London, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration ; CDP 22, 18
    Schlagworte: early childhood education; crime; teenage pregnancy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Early childcare duration and students' later outcomes in Europe
    Autor*in: Del Boca, Daniela; Monfardini, Chiara; See, Sarah Grace
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CCA, Fondazione Collegio Carlo Alberto, Torino

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Carlo Alberto notebooks ; no. 681 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: early childhood education; pre-primary; early investments; human capital; assessments; gender; institution; unitary; separate; PISA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)