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  1. Turning up the heat
    exploring potential links between climate change and gender-based violence and harassment in the garment sector
    Autor*in: Anderson Hoffner, Laurel; Simpson, Joni; Martinez-Fernandez, M. Cristina; Patumtaewapibal, Aruch
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Violence and harassment are widespread issues within the garment sector in Asia, and with the effects of climate change increasing, it is possible that these behaviours could escalate. Using Bangladesh as a case study, this working paper will... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Violence and harassment are widespread issues within the garment sector in Asia, and with the effects of climate change increasing, it is possible that these behaviours could escalate. Using Bangladesh as a case study, this working paper will highlight the intersection between climate change and gender-based violence and harassment by exploring how climate change, measured by increasing heat stress and extreme weather events, could lead to heightened violence being faced by the (mostly female) workers in the sector as a result of its impact on productivity. It is important to note that gender-based violence in the world of work exists independently of climate change; however, evidence finds that violence in the garment sector can be linked to workplace intensity, which is likely to be further stressed by the impacts of climate change, should current trends continue. In addition, gender-based violence tends to increase with higher levels of socio-economic vulnerability, which climate change will also increase. Accordingly, while addressing harmful social norms is key to improving gender equality and reducing gender-based violence and harassment in the world of work, this working paper will explore how climate change will further exacerbate the factors associated with the prevalence of such behaviours within the current context and how, if left unaddressed, this combination of factors could ultimately contribute towards heightened levels of violence and harassment within the garment sector.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220341636; 9789220348185; 9789220348192
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263097
    Schriftenreihe: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 31 (May/2021)
    Schlagworte: decent work; clothing and textile industries; partnerships; gender; environment; climate change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Gesehen am 29.11.2021
  2. Optimal unilateral carbon policy
    Autor*in: Kortum, Samuel; Weisbach, David A.
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We derive the optimal unilateral policy in a general equilibrium model of trade and climate change where one region of the world imposes a climate policy and the rest of the world does not. A climate policy in one region shifts activities -... mehr

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    We derive the optimal unilateral policy in a general equilibrium model of trade and climate change where one region of the world imposes a climate policy and the rest of the world does not. A climate policy in one region shifts activities - extraction, production, and consumption - in the other region. The optimal policy trades off the costs of these distortions. The optimal policy can be implemented through: (i) a nominal tax on extraction at a rate equal to the global marginal harm from emissions, (ii) a tax on imports of energy and goods, and a rebate of taxes on exports of energy but not goods, both at a lower rate than the extraction tax rate, and (iii) a goods-specific export subsidy. The policy controls leakage by combining supply-side and demand-side taxes to control the price of energy in the non-taxing region. It exploits international trade to expand the reach of the climate policy. We calibrate and simulate the model to illustrate how the optimal policy compares to more traditional policies such as extraction, production, and consumption taxes and combinations of those taxes. The simulations show that combinations of supply-side and demand-side taxes are much better than simpler policies and can perform nearly as well as the optimal policy.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248954
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9409 (2021)
    Schlagworte: carbon taxes; border adjustments; leakage; climate change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. To be or not to be "green"
    how can monetary policy react to climate change?
    Autor*in: Boneva, Lena; Ferrucci, Gianluigi; Mongelli, Francesco Paolo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Climate change has profound effects not only for societies and economies, but also for central banks’ ability to deliver price stability in the future. This paper starts by documenting why climate change matters for monetary policy: it impacts the... mehr

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    Climate change has profound effects not only for societies and economies, but also for central banks’ ability to deliver price stability in the future. This paper starts by documenting why climate change matters for monetary policy: it impacts the economic variables relevant to setting the monetary policy stance, it interacts with fiscal and structural responses and it can generate dislocations in financial markets, which are impossible for monetary policy to ignore. Next, we survey several possible ways central banks can respond to climate change. These range from protective actions to more proactive measures aimed at mitigating climate change and supporting green finance and the transition to sustainable growth. We also discuss the constraints and trade-offs faced by central banks as they respond to climate risks. Finally, focusing on the specific challenges faced by inflation-targeting central banks, we consider how certain design features of this regime might interact with, and evolve in response to, the climate challenge.

     
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    ISBN: 9789289948395
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/262130
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 285 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: climate change; monetary policy; environmental economics; greenfinance; sustainable growth economics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. COVID-19 and recovery
    the role of trade unions in building forward better
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland

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    ISBN: 9789220350201
    Schriftenreihe: International journal of labour research ; vol. 10 issue 1-2 (2021)
    Schlagworte: workers; social dialogue; trade unions; social protection; economic recovery; gender equality; COVID-19; occupational safety and health; climate change; technological change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 168 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Gesehen am 02.12.2021
  5. Climate change and fiscal sustainability
    risks and opportunities
    Autor*in: Agarwala, Matthew; Burke, Matt; Klusak, Patrycja; Mohaddes, Kamiar; Volz, Ulrich; Zenghelis, Dimitri
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1502 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Sovereign debt; climate change; net zero; transition risk; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Climate change impacts on agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean
    an application of the integrated economic-environmental modeling (IEEM) platform
    Autor*in: Banerjee, Onil; Cicowiez, Martín; Rios, Ana R.; De Lima, Cicero Z.
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Environment, Rural Development and Disaster Risk Management Division, [Washington, DC]

    In this paper, we assess the economy-wide impact of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture and food security in 20 Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Specifically, we focus on the following three channels through which CC may affect... mehr

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    In this paper, we assess the economy-wide impact of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture and food security in 20 Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Specifically, we focus on the following three channels through which CC may affect agricultural and non-agricultural production: (i) agricultural yields; (ii) labor productivity in agriculture, and; (iii) economy-wide labor productivity. We implement the analysis using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Model (IEEM) and databases for 20 LAC available through the OPEN IEEM Platform. Our analysis identifies those countries most affected according to key indicators including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), international commerce, sectoral output, poverty, and emissions. Most countries experience negative impacts on GDP, with the exception of the major soybean producing countries, namely, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. We find that CC-induced crop productivity and labor productivity changes affect countries differently. The combined impact, however, indicates that Belize, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Paraguay would fare the worst. Early identification of these hardest hit countries can enable policy makers pre-empting these effects and beginning the design of adaptation strategies early on. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, only Argentina, Chile and Uruguay would experience small increases in emissions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252342
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-01289
    Schlagworte: Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform; dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; climate change; agriculture; greenhouse gas emissions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The role of disclosure in green finance
    Autor*in: Steuer, Sebastian; Tröger, Tobias
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance, House of Finance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We study the design features of disclosure regulations that seek to trigger the green transition of the global economy and ask whether such regulatory interventions are likely to bring about sufficient market discipline to achieve socially optimal... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    We study the design features of disclosure regulations that seek to trigger the green transition of the global economy and ask whether such regulatory interventions are likely to bring about sufficient market discipline to achieve socially optimal climate targets. We categorize the transparency obligations stipulated in green finance regulation as either compelling the standardized disclosure of raw data, or providing quality labels that signal desirable green characteristics of investment products based on a uniform methodology. Both categories of transparency requirements can be imposed at activity, issuer, and portfolio level. Finance theory and empirical evidence suggest that investors may prefer "green" over "dirty" assets for both financial and non-financial reasons and may thus demand higher returns from environmentally-harmful investment opportunities. However, the market discipline that this negative cost of capital effect exerts on "dirty" issuers is potentially attenuated by countervailing investor interests and does not automatically lead to socially optimal outcomes. Mandatory disclosure obligations and their (public) enforcement can play an important role in green finance strategies. They prevent an underproduction of the standardized high-quality information that investors need in order to allocate capital according to their preferences. However, the rationale behind regulatory intervention is not equally strong for all categories and all levels of "green" disclosure obligations. Corporate governance problems and other agency conflicts in intermediated investment chains do not represent a categorical impediment for green finance strategies. However, the many forces that may prevent markets from achieving socially optimal equilibria render disclosure-centered green finance legislation a second best to more direct forms of regulatory intervention like global carbon taxation and emissions trading schemes. Inherently transnational market-based green finance concepts can play a supporting role in sustainable transition, which is particularly important as long as first-best solutions remain politically unavailable.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244704
    Schriftenreihe: LawFin working paper ; no. 24
    Schlagworte: ESG; asset pricing; benchmarks; climate change; climate risk; green finance; labels; mandatory disclosure; market discipline; sustainable finance; taxonomies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten)
  8. The clash of "E" and "S" of ESG: just transition on the path to net zero and the implications for sustainable corporate governance and finance
    Autor*in: Gözlügöl, Alperen Afşin
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  DFG Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance, House of Finance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Climate change is one of the highest-ranking issues on the political and social agenda. Vulnerabilities of the world ecosystem laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential damage for the human and business life made the need for urgent action... mehr

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    Climate change is one of the highest-ranking issues on the political and social agenda. Vulnerabilities of the world ecosystem laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential damage for the human and business life made the need for urgent action clear once again. Corporations are one of the main actors that will play a major role in the decarbonisation of the economy. They need to put forward a net zero strategy and targets, transitioning to net-zero by 2050. Yet, an important but rather overlooked stakeholder group in the sustainability debates can pose a significant stumbling block in this transition: employees. Although climate action has huge benefits by ameliorating adverse environmental events and is expected to have overall positive impact on employment, net zero transition in companies, especially in certain sectors and regions, will cause substantial adverse employment effects for the workforce. This has the potential to slow down or even derail the necessary climate action in companies. In this regard, just transition is a promising concept, which calls for a swift and decisive climate action in corporations while taking account of and mitigating adverse effects for their workforce. If well implemented, it can accelerate net zero transition in companies. This potential clash of environmental (E) and social (S) aspects of ESG agenda, materialised in the companies' net zero transition, and its potential remedy, just transition, have important implications for corporate governance and finance, especially for directors' duties & executive remuneration, sustainability disclosures, institutional investors' engagement and green finance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247675
    Auflage/Ausgabe: First version: 08.11.2021
    Schriftenreihe: LawFin working paper ; no. 25
    Schlagworte: ESG; climate change; corporate governance; employees; green finance; institutional investors; net zero transition; sustainability; workforce
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  9. Markets, financial institutions and central banks in the face of climate change
    challenges and opportunities
    Autor*in: González, Clara I.; Núñez Ramos, Soledad
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos ocasionales / Banco de España ; no. 2126
    Schlagworte: climate change; financial risks; financial stability; green bonds; central banks; sustainable finance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Social inequalities in climate change-attributed impacts of hurricane harvey
    Autor*in: Smiley, Kevin T.; Noy, Ilan; Wehner, Michael; Frame, Dave; Sampson, C. Michael; Wing, Oliver E.
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Climate change is already increasing the severity of extreme weather events such as with rainfall during hurricanes. But no research to date investigates if, and to what extent, there are social inequalities in current climate change-attributed flood... mehr

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    Climate change is already increasing the severity of extreme weather events such as with rainfall during hurricanes. But no research to date investigates if, and to what extent, there are social inequalities in current climate change-attributed flood impacts. Here, we use climate change attribution science paired with hydrological flood models to estimate climate change-attributed flood depths and damages during Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas. We then combine this information with detailed land-parcel and census tract socio-economic data to describe the socio-spatial characteristics of these climate change-induced impacts. Our findings show that 30 to 50% of the flooded properties would not have flooded without climate change. These climate change-attributed impacts were particularly felt in Latinx neighborhoods, and especially so in Latinx neighborhoods that were low-income and among those located outside of FEMA's 100-year floodplain (and therefore less likely to be insured). An important implication is the need to focus on pressing climate justice challenges that not only concern future climate change-induced risks, but are already affecting vulnerable populations disproportionately now.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248957
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9412 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Hurricane Harvey; attribution; climate change; poverty; flood insurance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Climate change and monetary policy in the euro are
    Erschienen: [September 2021]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper analyses the implications of climate change for the conduct of monetary policy in the euro area. It first investigates macroeconomic and financial risks stemming from climate change and from policies aimed at climate mitigation and... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    This paper analyses the implications of climate change for the conduct of monetary policy in the euro area. It first investigates macroeconomic and financial risks stemming from climate change and from policies aimed at climate mitigation and adaptation, as well as the regulatory and fiscal effects of reducing carbon emissions. In this context, it assesses the need to adapt macroeconomic models and the Eurosystem/ECB staff economic projections underlying the monetary policy decisions. It further considers the implications of climate change for the conduct of monetary policy, in particular the implications for the transmission of monetary policy, the natural rate of interest and the correct identification of shocks. Model simulations using the ECB’s New Area-Wide Model (NAWM) illustrate how the interactions of climate change, financial and fiscal fragilities could significantly restrict the ability of monetary policy to respond to standard business cycle fluctuations. The paper concludes with an analysis of a set of potential monetary policy measures to address climate risks, insofar as they are in line with the ECB’s mandate.

     
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    ISBN: 9789289948258
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    hdl: 10419/246202
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 271 (September 2021)
    ECB strategy review
    Schlagworte: climate change; monetary policy; environmental economics; greenfinance; sustainable growth economics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (193 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  12. Comprehension, mapping and reporting of climate-related risks among listed firms in Sweden
    Autor*in: Andersson, Fredrik N. G.; Arvidsson, Susanne
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Lund University, School of Economics and Management, Lund Institute for Sustainability Impact, Lund

    We study the comprehension, mapping, and reporting of climate-related risks among firms listed on the NasdaqOMX stock exchange in Stockholm. Our study contains two parts: i) a study on the firms' external communication through their annual reports,... mehr

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    We study the comprehension, mapping, and reporting of climate-related risks among firms listed on the NasdaqOMX stock exchange in Stockholm. Our study contains two parts: i) a study on the firms' external communication through their annual reports, sustainability reports and webpages, and ii) a follow-up survey addressed to each firm's management team. We find that firms are likely to engage in some form of mapping and reporting of climate-related risks. However, their comprehension of the nature of these risks, underlying problems, and what a climate transition implies varies across firms and industries. There are also substantial variations in the method employed to map and report climaterelated risks. Our results further suggest that firms use the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures' recommendations (TCFD) on how to map and report climate risks as a learning tool to improve their climate-risk management. However, as a voluntary initiative it is insufficient to generate substantial change. Consequently, policymakers should focus on improving firms' comprehension of what constitutes a climate-risk, how to map such risks and how to report them. The mapping and reporting of climate-related risk may otherwise prove an inefficient tool to redirect and accelerate investments promoting a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260373
    Schriftenreihe: LSR working paper series ; paper number: 21, 06 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: climate policy; climate change; climate-risk management; climate-related risks; nonfinancial reporting; TCFD; NFRD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  13. Sustainable investing in times of crisis
    evidence from bond holdings and the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Fatica, Serena; Panzica, Roberto Calogero
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Ispra

    Using data on institutional investors' bond holdings, we investigate the resilience of green bonds to the COVID-19 shock in a difference-in-differences framework. We find that during the COVID outbreak green bonds experience lower sales, on average,... mehr

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    Using data on institutional investors' bond holdings, we investigate the resilience of green bonds to the COVID-19 shock in a difference-in-differences framework. We find that during the COVID outbreak green bonds experience lower sales, on average, while in normal times no significant differences emerge compared with conventional bonds. The result is robust across different investor classes and is not driven by those that have a longer-term investment horizon. Furthermore, we find that sustainability-oriented funds sell less of green bonds than their peers without sustainability concerns. We also document that the ownership of green fixed income securities is more concentrated than that of comparable conventional bonds, and that concentration has increased in the first quarter of 2020.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250157
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers in economics and finance ; 2021, 7
    Schlagworte: Sustainable finance; climate change; green bonds; institutional investors
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Self-image and the stability of international environmental agreements
    Autor*in: Breton, Michèle; Sbragia, Lucia
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  GERAD, HÉC Montréal, Montréal (Québec), Canada

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    Schriftenreihe: Les cahiers du GERAD ; G-2021, 47 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: Dynamic game; climate change; stability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Energy transition metals
    Autor*in: Boer, Lukas; Pescatori, Andrea; Stuermer, Martin
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    The energy transition requires substantial amounts of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt and lithium. Are these metals a key bottleneck? We identify metal-specific demand shocks, estimate supply elasticities and pin down the price impact of the... mehr

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    The energy transition requires substantial amounts of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt and lithium. Are these metals a key bottleneck? We identify metal-specific demand shocks, estimate supply elasticities and pin down the price impact of the energy transition in a structural scenario analysis. Metal prices would reach historical peaks for an unprecedented, sustained period in a net-zero emissions scenario. The total value of metals production would rise more than four-fold for the period 2021 to 2040, rivaling the total value of crude oil production. Metals are a potentially important input into integrated assessments models of climate change.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245911
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1976
    Schlagworte: Conditional forecasts; structural vector autoregression; structural scenario analysis; energy transition; metals; fossil fuels; prices; climate change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Estado de la implementación del Programa de Acción de Viena en favor de los Países en Desarrollo Sin Litoral para el Decenio 2014-2024
    Autor*in: Pérez Salas, Gabriel; Sánchez, Ricardo J.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Naciones Unidas, CEPAL, Santiago

    Este informe fue preparado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en coordinación con la Oficina del Alto Representante para los Países Menos Desarrollados, los Países en Desarrollo sin Litoral y los Pequeños Estados... mehr

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    Este informe fue preparado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en coordinación con la Oficina del Alto Representante para los Países Menos Desarrollados, los Países en Desarrollo sin Litoral y los Pequeños Estados Insulares en Desarrollo (UN-OHRLLS), para la reunión de revisión de medio término del Programa de Acción de Viena (VPoA) para el decenio 2014-2024 en América Latina y el Caribe.El informe se estructura del siguiente modo: en la primera parte se analiza la vinculación de los planes nacionales de desarrollo del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia y del Paraguay con los objetivos definidos en la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible y con los objetivos y prioridades del VPoA. La segunda parte se realiza una revisión y análisis del estado de implementación del VPoA en estos países, para luego analizar un conjunto desafíos emergentes para estos países como son el cambio climático y la innovación. En la cuarta parte, se presentan las conclusiones más significativas y se formulan recomendaciones que permitan apoyar en la elaboración del documento final para la revisión intermedia del VPoA de los países de la región latinoamericana. Resumen .-- Presentación .-- I. Ejes orientadores y coordinadores para el desarrollo sostenible de los países sin litoral .-- II. El estado de implementación del Programa de Acción de Viena en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia y Paraguay .-- III. Desafíos emergentes: cambio climático e innovación .-- IV. Conclusiones y recomendaciones: El camino a seguir.

     
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  17. Aspects of designing sustainable development policies in developing countries
    Autor*in: Mukashov, Askar
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, Kiel

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    Beteiligt: Wiebelt, Manfred (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Heidland, Tobias (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schlagworte: economywide modeling; poverty; energy subsidies; uncertainty; conflict; reconstruction; Middle East; policy analysis; portfolio management; climate change; deagrarianization; urbanization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 81 Blätter), Illustrationen, Diagramme
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    Kumulatives Verfahren, enthält 4 Aufsätze aus Zeitschriften

    Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 2021
  18. Effects of carbon pricing and other climate policies on CO2 emissions
    Autor*in: Kohlscheen, Emanuel; Moessner, Richhild; Takáts, Előd
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We provide ex-post empirical analysis of the effects of climate policies on carbon dioxide emissions at the aggregate national level. Our results are based on a comprehensive database of 121 countries. As climate policies we examine carbon taxes and... mehr

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    We provide ex-post empirical analysis of the effects of climate policies on carbon dioxide emissions at the aggregate national level. Our results are based on a comprehensive database of 121 countries. As climate policies we examine carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS), as well as the overall stringency of climate policies. We use dynamic panel regressions, controlling for macroeconomic factors such as economic development, GDP growth, urbanisation, as well as the energy mix. We find that higher carbon taxes and prices of permits in ETS reduce carbon emissions. An increase in carbon taxes by $10 per ton of CO2 reduces CO2 emissions per capita by 1.3% in the short run and by 4.6% in the long run.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248892
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9347 (2021)
    Schlagworte: climate policies; carbon tax; carbon emission trading system; carbon dioxide; climate change; emissions; energy; environment; growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Weather-related house damage and subjective wellbeing
    Autor*in: Gunby, Nicholas; Coupé, Tom
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business and Economics, University of Canterbury ; no. 2021, 6
    Schlagworte: climate change; subjective wellbeing; weather; disasters
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Climate shocks, agriculture, and migration in Nepal
    disentangling the interdependencies
    Autor*in: Arslan, Aslıhan; Egger, Eva-Maria; Mane, Erdgin; Slavchevska, Vanya
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Climate change is expected to increase the risk in agricultural production due to increasing temperatures and rainfall variability. Smallholders can adjust by diversifying income sources, including through migration. Most existing studies investigate... mehr

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    Climate change is expected to increase the risk in agricultural production due to increasing temperatures and rainfall variability. Smallholders can adjust by diversifying income sources, including through migration. Most existing studies investigate whether households send a migrant after experiencing weather shocks, but the literature lacks evidence on migration as an ex-ante measure. In this paper, we disentangle the direct effect of weather shocks on income from agriculture from the effect of changing weather patterns over a few years on migration as a diversification strategy. Using a novel household survey from Nepal combined with 35 years of rainfall and temperature data, we model migration and agricultural production using a simultaneous estimation methodology. The results confirm the simultaneity of these decisions and show that increasing uncertainty in weather patterns and a warming climate increase outmigration in rural Nepal. These results are in line with the hypothesis that migration acts as an income diversification strategy under climate change.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670719
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248345
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 131
    Schlagworte: Klimaänderung; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Landwirtschaft; Bauer; Internationale Migration; Binnenwanderung; climate change; migration; agriculture; simultaneous estimation; Nepal
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Climate anomalies and international migration
    a disaggregated analysis for West Africa
    Autor*in: Martínez Flores, Fernanda; Milusheva, Sveta; Reichert, Arndt R.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    Migration is one of the channels West African populations can use to adjust to the negative impacts of climate change. Using novel geo-referenced and high-frequency data, this study investigates the extent to which soil moisture anomalies drive... mehr

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    Migration is one of the channels West African populations can use to adjust to the negative impacts of climate change. Using novel geo-referenced and high-frequency data, this study investigates the extent to which soil moisture anomalies drive international migration decisions within the region and toward Europe. The findings show that drier soil conditions decrease (rather than increase) the probability to migrate. A standard deviation decrease in soil moisture leads to a 2 percentage point drop in the probability to migrate, equivalent to a 25 percent decrease in the number of migrants. This effect is concentrated during the crop-growing season, and likely driven by financial constraints. The effect is only seen for areas that are in the middle of the income distribution, with no impact on the poorest or richest areas of a country, suggesting that the former were constrained to start and the latter can address those financial constraints. Migration ist eine der Möglichkeiten, welche die westafrikanische Bevölkerung nutzen kann, um sich an die negativen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels anzupassen. Unter Verwendung neuartiger georeferenzierter und hochfrequenter Daten wird in dieser Studie untersucht, inwieweit Anomalien der Bodenfeuchte internationale Migrationsentscheidungen innerhalb der Region und in Richtung Europa beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass trockenere Bodenbedingungen die Migrationswahrscheinlichkeit verringern (anstatt zu erhöhen). Eine Abnahme der Standardabweichung der Bodenfeuchte resultiert in einem Rückgang der Migrationswahrscheinlichkeit um 2 Prozentpunkte, was einem Rückgang der Anzahl der Migranten um 25 Prozent entspricht. Dieser Effekt konzentriert sich auf die Anbausaison und wird wahrscheinlich durch finanzielle Einschränkungen verursacht. Der Effekt ist nur für Gebiete beobachtbar, die in der Mitte der Einkommensverteilung liegen, ohne Auswirkung auf die ärmsten oder reichsten Gebiete eines Landes, was darauf hindeutet, dass erstere zu Beginn eingeschränkt waren und letztere die finanziellen Beschränkungen ausgleichen können.

     
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    ISBN: 9783969730546
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240201
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #910
    Schlagworte: West Africa; climate change; migration; agriculture
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Curbing price fluctuations in cap-and-trade auctions
    Autor*in: Jeitschko, Thomas D.; Pal, Pallavi
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In recent years, a significant problem with the carbon credit market has been the higher than initially predicted price volatility. It is essential to study the market in a repeated-period dynamic setting to identify the factors enabling high... mehr

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    In recent years, a significant problem with the carbon credit market has been the higher than initially predicted price volatility. It is essential to study the market in a repeated-period dynamic setting to identify the factors enabling high fluctuations in prices. In this paper, we examine the dynamic auction design and propose a method to curb price volatility through a flexible supply cap. The equilibrium analysis shows that modifying the cap on per period supply can decrease price fluctuations. Currently, the government or the auctioneer sets a per-period limit on the supply, which reduces at a fixed rate over time. However, this paper suggests that a flexible cap on the per-period supply would be a better alternative. Specifically, we show that correlating the supply rate with expected future demand results in a more stable price.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245447
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9266 (2021)
    Schlagworte: dynamic mechanism design; auctions; emissions permits; environmental regulation; climate change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Implementation of Finland's National Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2022
    a mid-term evaluation
    Autor*in: Mäkinen, Kirsi; Sorvali, Jaana; Lipsanen, Anna; Hildén, Mikael
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki

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    ISBN: 9789523661981
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    Schriftenreihe: Publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ; 2020, 9
    Schlagworte: climate; climate change; risk; preparedness; adaptation; assessment; interim review
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 182 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Population displacement and urban conflict: global evidence from more than 3300 flood events
    Autor*in: Castells-Quintana, David; López Uribe, Maria del Pilar; McDermott, Thomas K. J.
    Erschienen: mayo de 2021
    Verlag:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento Cede ; 2021, 26 (mayo de 2021)
    Schlagworte: climate change; floods; displacement; urbanization; conflict; social disorder
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Carbon taxation and inflation
    evidence from the European and Canadian experience
    Autor*in: Konradt, Maximilian; Weder, Beatrice
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, International Economics Department, Geneva, Switzerland

    What is the effect of climate policies on inflation and economic activity? Answering this question is critical for central banks trying to achieve price stability. This paper studies the experience from existing carbon taxes in Canada and Europe,... mehr

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    What is the effect of climate policies on inflation and economic activity? Answering this question is critical for central banks trying to achieve price stability. This paper studies the experience from existing carbon taxes in Canada and Europe, introduced over the last 30 years. Based on two separate empirical approaches, we find that carbon taxes do not have to be inflationary and may even have deflationary effects. In particular, our evidence suggests that the increase in energy prices was more than offset by a fall in the prices of services and other non-tradables. Our results are robust for Europe and Canada, as well as a number of different country groupings. At least in case of British Columbia, a contraction in household incomes and expenditures, in particular among the richer households, could explain the deflationary effect.

     
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    hdl: 10419/238108
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, International Economics Department ; no. HEIDWP2021, 17
    Schlagworte: Carbon taxes; carbon pricing; inflation; monetary policy; climate change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen