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  1. Neighborhood Effects and Housing Vouchers
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Researchers and policy-makers have explored the possibility of restricting the use of housing vouchers to neighborhoods that may positively affect the outcomes of children. Using the framework of a dynamic model of optimal location choice, we... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Researchers and policy-makers have explored the possibility of restricting the use of housing vouchers to neighborhoods that may positively affect the outcomes of children. Using the framework of a dynamic model of optimal location choice, we estimate preferences over neighborhoods of likely recipients of housing vouchers in Los Angeles. We combine simulations of the model with estimates of how locations affect adult earnings of children to understand how a voucher policy that restricts neighborhoods in which voucher-recipients may live affects both the location decisions of households and the adult earnings of children. We show the model can nearly replicate the impact of the Moving to Opportunity experiment on the adult wages of children. Simulations suggest a policy that restricts housing vouchers to the top 20% of neighborhoods maximizes expected aggregate adult earnings of children of households offered these vouchers

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28508
    Schlagworte: Soziale Wohnungspolitik; Gutscheinsystem; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Wohnstandortwahl; Wohnstandort; Los Angeles (Calif.); USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  2. Evaluating Contradictory Experimental and Non-Experimental Estimates of Neighborhood Effects on Economic Outcomes for Adults

    Although non-experimental studies find robust neighborhood effects on adults, such findings have been challenged by results from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) residential mobility experiment. Using a within-study comparison design, this paper... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Although non-experimental studies find robust neighborhood effects on adults, such findings have been challenged by results from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) residential mobility experiment. Using a within-study comparison design, this paper compares experimental and non-experimental estimates from MTO and a parallel analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Striking similarities were found between non-experimental estimates based on MTO and PSID. No clear evidence was found that different estimates are related to duration of adult exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods, non-linear effects of neighborhood conditions, magnitude of the change in neighborhood context, frequency of moves, treatment effect heterogeneity, or measurement, although uncertainty bands around our estimates were sometimes large. One other possibility is that MTO-induced moves might have been unusually disruptive, but results are inconsistent for that hypothesis. Taken together, the findings suggest that selection bias might account for evidence of neighborhood effects on adult economic outcomes in non-experimental studies

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28454
    Schlagworte: Nachbarschaft; Wohnstandort; Wohnstandortwahl; Kausalanalyse; Erwachsene; Haushaltseinkommen; Schätzung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  3. The Donut Effect of Covid-19 on Cities
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using data from the US Postal Service and Zillow, we quantify the effect of Covid-19 on migration patterns and real estate markets within and across US cities. We find two key results. First, within large US cities, households, businesses, and real... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Using data from the US Postal Service and Zillow, we quantify the effect of Covid-19 on migration patterns and real estate markets within and across US cities. We find two key results. First, within large US cities, households, businesses, and real estate demand have moved from dense central business districts (CBDs) towards lower density suburban zip-codes. We label this the "Donut Effect" reflecting the movement of activity out of city centers to the suburban ring. Second, while this observed reallocation occurs within cities, we do not see major reallocation across cities. That is, there is less evidence for large-scale movement of activity from large US cities to smaller regional cities or towns. We rationalize these findings by noting that working patterns post pandemic will frequently be hybrid, with workers commuting to their business premises typically three days per week. This level of commuting is less than pre-pandemic, making suburbs relatively more popular, but too frequent to allow employees to leave the cities containing their employer

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28876
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Wohnstandortwahl; Wohnstandort; Stadtquartier; Arbeitsbedingungen; Arbeitsgestaltung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  4. The donut effect of Covid-19 on cities
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  SIEPR Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, CA

    Using data from the US Postal Service and Zillow, we quantify the effect of Covid-19 on migration patterns and real estate markets within and across US cities. We find two key results. First, within large US cities, households, businesses, and real... mehr

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    Using data from the US Postal Service and Zillow, we quantify the effect of Covid-19 on migration patterns and real estate markets within and across US cities. We find two key results. First, within large US cities, households, businesses, and real estate demand have moved from dense central business districts (CBDs) towards lower density suburban zip-codes. We label this the "Donut Effect" reflecting the movement of activity out of city centers to the suburban ring. Second, while this observed reallocation occurs within cities, we do not see major reallocation across cities. That is, there is less evidence for large-scale movement of activity from large US cities to smaller regional cities or towns. We rationalize these findings by noting that working patterns post pandemic will frequently be hybrid, with workers commuting to their business premises typically three days per week. This level of commuting is less than pre-pandemic, making suburbs relatively more popular, but too frequent to allow employees to leave the cities containing their employer

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / SIEPR Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research ; no. 21, 033 (May, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Wohnstandortwahl; Wohnstandort; Stadtquartier; Arbeitsbedingungen; Arbeitsgestaltung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als: NBER Working Paper No. 28876

  5. Place-Based Redistribution in Location Choice Models
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    In many recent location choice models, households randomly vary with respect to their utility of living in a location. We demonstrate that the distribution generating this randomness is fundamentally not identifiable from location choice data and as... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    In many recent location choice models, households randomly vary with respect to their utility of living in a location. We demonstrate that the distribution generating this randomness is fundamentally not identifiable from location choice data and as a result the optimal allocation as chosen by a social planner is not identified. We propose an algorithm for setting the distribution generating the random utility across locations that implies a planner will optimally choose no redistribution in the absence of externalities or equity motives between different groups of people. Our algorithm preserves a planner's motives to redistribute due to equity considerations between different types of people and efficiency in production, the focus of many recent studies

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29045
    Schlagworte: Wohnstandortwahl; Wohnungspolitik
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  6. A Unified Theory of Cities
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    How do people arrange themselves when they are free to choose work and residence locations, when commuting is costly, and when increasing returns may affect production? We consider this problem when the location set is discrete and households have... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    How do people arrange themselves when they are free to choose work and residence locations, when commuting is costly, and when increasing returns may affect production? We consider this problem when the location set is discrete and households have heterogenous preferences over workplace-residence pairs. We provide a general characterization of equilibrium throughout the parameter space. The introduction of preference heterogeneity into an otherwise conventional urban model fundamentally changes equilibrium behavior. Multiple equilibria are pervasive although stable equilibria need not exist. Stronger increasing returns to scale need not concentrate economic activity and lower commuting costs need not disperse it. The qualitative behavior of the model as returns to scale increase accords with changes in the patterns of urbanization observed in the Western world between the pre-industrial period and the present

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29078
    Schlagworte: Wohnstandortwahl; Arbeitsplatz; Städtische Standorttheorie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  7. Weather, Climate, and Migration in the United States
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Do people move as a result of temperature shocks? Documenting weather as a push factor for migration is crucial for informing policy related to climate change and adaptation. This paper studies the impacts of high-temperature days on out-migration... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Do people move as a result of temperature shocks? Documenting weather as a push factor for migration is crucial for informing policy related to climate change and adaptation. This paper studies the impacts of high-temperature days on out-migration from counties in the US. We find that outmigration responds to long-term variation in temperatures, but not to the short-term temperature variations that are commonly leveraged in the literature. We provide evidence consistent with the idea that the effect of long-term variation in temperature is driven by changes in expectations regarding future conditions, and specifically climate change

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28614
    Schlagworte: Wohnstandortwahl; Wohnungswechsel; Wetter; Klima; Klimawandel; Migrationsökonomie; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers

  8. Including migration in hedonic valuation
    earthquakes : on the willingness to pay for earthquake reduction in and around the province of Groningen (2012-2018)
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  Statistics Netherlands, The Hague

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    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Statistics Netherlands
    Schlagworte: Erdbeben; Risiko; Wohnstandortwahl; Immobilienpreis; Hedonischer Preisindex; Diskrete Entscheidung; Niederlande
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    In collaboration with Tilburg University