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  1. A unified conceptual framework of tasks, skills and competences
    Autor*in: Rodrigues, Margarida; Fernández-Macías, Enrique; Sostero, Matteo
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Skills and competences are frequently invoked by policy-makers in reference to labour market developments and education objectives. However, these concepts have different meanings across academic disciplines such as sociology, economics, and... mehr

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    Skills and competences are frequently invoked by policy-makers in reference to labour market developments and education objectives. However, these concepts have different meanings across academic disciplines such as sociology, economics, and education. This paper proposes a unified conceptual framework for tasks, skills and competences. We start from the concept of task, as the smallest unit of work involved in an economic process. Skills are defined as the ability to perform tasks. Similar tasks are grouped into task domains, which are bundled by employers into jobs. Likewise, similar skills make up skill domains, while competence is the ability to master skills across domains. This framework has two major advantages. First, it provides distinct definitions of relevant concepts and the relations between them. Second, it bridges the socio-economic concepts of skills and tasks, which relate to the labour market, with the education and training literature, which focuses on skill and competence development as learning objectives. We also propose a way to measure the different concepts empirically.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231348
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology ; 2021, 02
    Schlagworte: Tasks; skills; competences; framework
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Stop worrying and love the robot
    an activity-based approach to assess the impact of robotization on employment dynamics
    Autor*in: Caselli, Mauro; Fracasso, Andrea; Scicchitano, Sergio; Traverso, Silvio; Tundis, Enrico
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This work investigates the impact that the change in the exposure to robots had on the Italian local employment dynamics over the period 2011-2018. A novel empirical strategy focusing on a match between occupations' activities and robots'... mehr

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    This work investigates the impact that the change in the exposure to robots had on the Italian local employment dynamics over the period 2011-2018. A novel empirical strategy focusing on a match between occupations' activities and robots' applications at a high level of disaggregation makes it possible to assess the impact of robotization on the shares of workers employed as robot operators and in occupations deemed exposed to robots. In a framework consistently centered on workers' and robots' activities, rather than on their industries of employment, the analysis reveals for the first time reinstatement effects among robot operators and heterogeneous results among exposed occupations.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232010
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 802
    Schlagworte: Robots; Employment; Activities; Tasks; Robot applications
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The professional lens
    what online job advertisements can say about occupational task profiles
    Autor*in: Sostero, Matteo; Fernández-Macías, Enrique
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Data from online job advertisements are increasingly used in the emerging area of "skills intelli-gence" to describe labour market dynamics and the demand for skills in different occupations. Col-lecting this data involves gathering unstructured... mehr

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    Data from online job advertisements are increasingly used in the emerging area of "skills intelli-gence" to describe labour market dynamics and the demand for skills in different occupations. Col-lecting this data involves gathering unstructured information from the internet and processing it into structured datasets, which may provide a biased description of the labour market. We present a framework for these different sources of bias, in terms of representativeness of occupations and their task content. We analyse the Nova UK dataset of online job advertisements from Burning Glass Technologies, containing over 60m individual job ads for the United Kingdom from 2012-2020. We compare the occupation task profiles embedded in this data with the JRC-Eurofound Task Database, through a new Skill-Task Dictionary. The dictionary classifies the rich but unstructured information on "skills" describing individual occupations into the hierarchical Task Taxonomy devel-oped by the JRC and Eurofound, and measured through occupation surveys. In general, we find that the task profile implied in job advertisements is relatively consistent with the EU Task Database across most occupations, especially for intellectual and social tasks, and for tools of work. However, online job advertisements in general (and Nova UK in particular) tend to focus especially on profes-sional occupations, which are relatively better represented in their numbers and in their variety of skills and tasks, relative to less qualified occupations. We enumerate several types of bias that can occur with this data, and discuss possible future applications.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245944
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology ; 2021, 13
    Schlagworte: Skills; Tasks; Online Job Advertisements; Job Vacancies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The wage effects of offshoring to the East and West: evidence from Germany
    Autor*in: Koerner, Konstantin
    Erschienen: 29 October 2021
    Verlag:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg

    This paper analyzes the labor market effects of offshoring in a high-wage home country and how these effects crucially depend on (1) job complexity and (2) the characteristics of the destination country. It thereby links several sources: rich... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the labor market effects of offshoring in a high-wage home country and how these effects crucially depend on (1) job complexity and (2) the characteristics of the destination country. It thereby links several sources: rich administrative data on individuals and plants in the German manufacturing sector, information on a job's task bundle, and the evolution of imported inputs from low- or high-wage destinations, which are represented by Eastern and Western Europe, respectively. Offshoring to these origins has opposing effects on German wages with respect to the relative task complexity of jobs: While offshoring to the West puts pressure on the wages of complex jobs and increases the wages of simple jobs, offshoring to the East entails the opposite effect. The overall effect adds up to a 4.2 percent increase in wages for jobs with high complexity, while low-complexity jobs see a 3.9 percent decrease in wages. In dieser Arbeit werden die heimischen Lohneffekte von Offshoring untersucht. Dabei wird der Produktionsfaktor Arbeit nach der Komplexität seines Aufgabenspektrums unterschieden und Offshoring je nach Lohnniveau des Ziellandes eingeteilt. Letzteres geschieht am Beispiel Westeuropas für Hochlohnländer und am Beispiel der Visegard-Länder bzw. Osteuropa für Niedriglohnländer. In den Lohnregressionen nach Mincer können so die heterogenen Effekte von Offshoring geschätzt werden. Die dafür notwendigen Daten stammen aus verschiedenen Quellen, wie Input-Output-Tabellen (zu mehreren Ländern), Arbeitsmarktdaten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit sowie Umfragedaten zu den Aufgaben im Job. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Offshoring nach Westeuropa zu relativen Lohngewinnen für eher wenig komplexe Jobs in Deutschland führt, während der Lohn komplexer Jobs negativ beeinflusst wird. Offshoring nach Osteuropa hingegen hat genau die entgegengesetzten Lohneffekte. Zudem wird in diesem Kapitel gezeigt, dass Offshoring nach Westeuropa zu einer arbeitsintensiveren Produktion und Offshoring nach Osteuropa zu einer kapitalintensiveren Produktion führt.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246265
    Schriftenreihe: IAB-discussion paper ; 2021, 15
    Schlagworte: Offshoring; Tasks; Trade; Fragmentation; Wages; Globalization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Employment protection, workforce mix and firm performance
    Autor*in: Ardito, Chiara; Berton, Fabio; Pacelli, Lia; Passerini, Filippo
    Erschienen: July, 2021
    Verlag:  Laboratorio R. Revelli, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Torino, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Labor, Laboratorio Riccardo Revelli ; no. 177
    Schlagworte: Employment Protection; Human Capital; Productivity; Tenure; Tasks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Stop worrying and love the robot
    an activity-based approach to assess the impact of robotization on employment dynamics
    Autor*in: Caselli, Mauro; Fracasso, Andrea; Scicchitano, Sergio; Traverso, Silvio; Tundis, Enrico
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Università degli studi di Trento, Dipartimento di economia e management, [Trento]

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    Schriftenreihe: DEM working papers ; n. 2021, 6
    Schlagworte: Robots; Employment; Activities; Tasks; Robot applications
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Is there job polarization in developing economies?
    a review and outlook
    Autor*in: Martins Neto, Antonio Soares; Mathew, Nanditha; Mohnen, Pierre A.; Treibich, Tania
    Erschienen: 23 November 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 045
    Schlagworte: Job polarization; Technology adoption; Tasks; Developing countries
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. COLLECTION OF TOPICS AND TASKS
    Study guide
    Autor*in: Kurbonov, Anvar
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9786203840360; 620384036X
    Weitere Identifier:
    9786203840360
    Auflage/Ausgabe: 1. Auflage
    Weitere Schlagworte: (Produktform)Electronic book text; Tasks; (BISAC region code)2.2.8.0.0.0.0; (VLB-WN)1564: Englische Sprachwissenschaft, Literaturwissenschaft
    Umfang: Online-Ressource, 120 Seiten
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