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  1. The impact of robots on labour market transitions in Europe
    Autor*in: Bachmann, Ronald; Gonschor, Myrielle; Lewandowski, Piotr; Madoń, Karol
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country... mehr

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    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country differences: the effects of robot exposure are generally larger in absolute terms in countries with low or average levels of labour costs than in countries with high levels of labour costs. These effects were particularly pronounced for workers in occupations intensive in routine manual or routine cognitive tasks, but were insignificant in occupations intensive in non-routine cognitive tasks. For young and old workers in countries with lower labour costs, robot exposure had a beneficial effect on transitions. Our results imply that robot adoption increased employment and reduced unemployment most in the European countries with low or average levels of labour costs. Dieses Papier untersucht die Auswirkungen von Robotern auf Arbeitsmarkttransitionen in 16 europäischen Ländern. Generell reduzieren Roboter Übergänge von der Beschäftigung in die Arbeitslosigkeit und erhöhen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einen neuen Job zu finden. Arbeitskosten sind eine wichtige Erklärung für die beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen Ländern: In Ländern mit niedrige oder durchschnittlichen Arbeitskosten zeigt sich ein stärkerer Effekt auf Einstellungen und Trennungen als in Ländern mit hohen Arbeitskosten. Diese Auswirkungen sind bei Arbeitskräften in Berufen mit manuellen oder kognitiven Routineaufgaben besonders ausgeprägt, bei Berufen mit nicht-kognitiven Routineaufgaben hingegen vernachlässigbar. Für junge und ältere Arbeitskräfte in Ländern mit niedrigeren Arbeitskosten wirken sich Roboter positiv auf Übergänge aus. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Einführung von Robotern zu einem Anstieg der Beschäftigung und einem Rückgang der Arbeitslosigkeit geführt hat, vor allem in Ländern mit niedrigen oder durchschnittlichen Arbeitskosten.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9783969730935
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/256809
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #933
    Schlagworte: Robots; technological change; tasks; labour market effects; Europe
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The impact of robots on labour market transitions in Europe
    Autor*in: Bachmann, Ronald; Gonschor, Myrielle; Lewandowski, Piotr; Madoń, Karol
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 10
    Fernleihe:
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    We study the effects of robot exposure on worker flows in 16 European countries. Overall, we find small negative effects on job separations and small positive effects on job findings. Labour costs are shown to be a major driver of cross-country differences: in countries with lower labour costs, robot exposure had more positive effects on hirings and more negative effects on separations. These effects were particularly pronounced for workers in occupations intensive in routine manual or routine cognitive tasks, but were insignificant in occupations intensive in non-routine cognitive tasks. For young and old workers in countries with lower labour costs, robot exposure had a beneficial effect on transitions. Our results imply that robot adoption increased employment and reduced unemployment in most European countries, mainly through lower job separation rates. Dieses Papier untersucht die Auswirkungen von Robotern auf Arbeitsmarkttransitionen in 16 europäischen Ländern. Generell reduzieren Roboter Übergänge von der Beschäftigung in die Arbeitslosigkeit und erhöhen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einen neuen Job zu finden. Arbeitskosten sind eine wichtige Erklärung für die beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen Ländern: In Ländern mit niedrigeren Arbeitskosten zeigt sich ein stärkerer Effekt auf Einstellungen und Trennungen. Diese Auswirkungen sind bei Arbeitskräften in Berufen mit manuellen oder kognitiven Routineaufgaben besonders ausgeprägt, bei Berufen mit nicht-routine kognitiven Aufgaben hingegen vernachlässigbar. Für junge und ältere Arbeitskräfte in Ländern mit niedrigeren Arbeitskosten wirken sich Roboter positiv auf Übergänge aus. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Einführung von Robotern in den meisten europäischen Ländern zu einem Anstieg der Beschäftigung und einem Rückgang der Arbeitslosigkeit geführt hat, vor allem durch einen Rückgang der Übergänge in die Arbeitslosigkeit.

     
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    ISBN: 9783969730935
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249305
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #933
    Schlagworte: Robots; technological change; tasks; labour market effects; Europe
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
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  3. Robots, digitalization, and worker voice
    Autor*in: Belloc, Filippo; Burdín, Gabriel; Landini, Fabio
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The interplay between labor institutions and the firm-level adoption of new technologies such as robotics and other advanced digital tools remains poorly understood. Using a cross-sectional sample of more than 20000 European establishments, this... mehr

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    The interplay between labor institutions and the firm-level adoption of new technologies such as robotics and other advanced digital tools remains poorly understood. Using a cross-sectional sample of more than 20000 European establishments, this paper documents a positive association between shop-floor employee representation (ER) and the utilization of these advanced technologies. We extensively dig into the potential mechanisms driving this correlation by exploiting rich information on the de facto role played by ER bodies in relation to well-defined decision areas of management, such as work organization, dismissals, training and working time. In addition, we conduct a quantitative case study using a panel of Italian firms and exploiting size-contingent policy rules governing the operation of ER bodies in the context of a local-randomization regression discontinuity design. The analysis suggests a positive effect of ER on investments in advanced technologies around the firm size cutoff, although the results are sensitive to the type of technology and specification choices. We also document positive effects on training intensity and process innovation and no evidence of employment losses or changes in the composition of employment. Taken together, our findings cast doubts on the idea that ER discourages technology adoption. On the contrary, ER seems to influence work organization and certain workplace practices in ways that may enhance the complementary between labor and new advanced technologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249341
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1038
    Schlagworte: Automation; Robots; Digitalization; Unions; Employee Representation; Labor Market Institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Measuring the technological bias of robot adoption and its implications for the aggregate labor share
    Autor*in: Koch, Michael; Manuylov, Ilya
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, [Aarhus]

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working papers ; 2022, 01
    Schlagworte: Robots; Automation; Technological change; Productivity; Labor share
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Mockingbird
    Autor*in: Tevis, Walter S.
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, New York

    A futuristic tale set in a world where reading is forbidden, citizens are drugged from childhood on, and machines dominate humans focuses on two people who teach themselves how to read and how to think independently mehr

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    Anglistisches Seminar der Universität, Bibliothek
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    A futuristic tale set in a world where reading is forbidden, citizens are drugged from childhood on, and machines dominate humans focuses on two people who teach themselves how to read and how to think independently

     
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    ISBN: 9780593467480; 0593467485
    Auflage/Ausgabe: First Vintage Books edition
    Schlagworte: End of the world; Androids; Robots; Books and reading; Androids; Books and reading; End of the world; Robots; Apocalyptic fiction; Fiction; Novels; Science fiction; Science fiction; Apocalyptic fiction; Novels
    Umfang: 302 pages, 21 cm
  6. Automation and the fall and rise of the servant economy
    Autor*in: Krenz, Astrid; Strulik, Holger
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen

    We develop a macroeconomic theory of the division of household tasks between servants and own work and how it is affected by automation in households and firms. We calibrate the model for the U.S. and apply it to explain the historical development of... mehr

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    We develop a macroeconomic theory of the division of household tasks between servants and own work and how it is affected by automation in households and firms. We calibrate the model for the U.S. and apply it to explain the historical development of household time use and the distribution of household tasks from 1900 to 2020. The economy is populated by high-skilled and low-skilled households and household tasks are performed by own work, machines, or servants. For the period 1900-1960, innovations in household automation motivate the decline of the servant economy and the creation of new household tasks motivates an almost constant division of household time between wage work and domestic work. For the period 1960-2020, innovations in firm automation and the implied increase of the skill premium explain the return of the servant economy. We show the robustness of results to the introduction of time trends in skilled-labor supply and the consideration of endogenous demand for leisure. With counterfactual experiments we address the effects of task-dependent disutility of work and of innovations in servant efficiency (the Gig economy). We provide supporting evidence for inequality as a driver of the return of the servant economy in a regional panel of U.S. metropolitan statistical areas for the period 2005-2020.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250287
    Schriftenreihe: University of Göttingen working paper in economics ; no. 431 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: Automation; Robots; Home production; Inequality; Servants; Maids; Gig economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. You have been terminated: robot taxation and the welfare state
    Autor*in: Akar, Gizem; Casalone, Giorgia; Zagler, Martin
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna

    We present a three sector OLG model with a homogenous output good that is produced with traditional or robot technology. The traditional sector produces with labor and capital, whereas the modern sector employs robots instead of labor. We find that... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    We present a three sector OLG model with a homogenous output good that is produced with traditional or robot technology. The traditional sector produces with labor and capital, whereas the modern sector employs robots instead of labor. We find that little can prevent the ascent of a modern economy. In particular, whilst robots are perfect substitutes to labor in our model, it is only the ratio of robot to capital taxes that can influence the speed of transition. The robotics sector produces robots using the homogeneous output good. We find that wages fall with a relative increase in productivity in the modern sector and a decrease in market power of robot suppliers. Falling wages imply that consumption will fall through generations, and a utilitarian government would feel inclined to intervene. We present several welfare policies, from wage subsidies, unemployment benefits, pensions, to a universal basic income. We also show under which conditions, as the economy becomes fully roboterized, it will switch from an exogenous growth model based on TFP to an endogenous growth model due to constant returns with respect to reproducible factors of production

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WU international taxation research paper series ; no. 2022, 05
    Schlagworte: Robots; Singularity; Robot Taxation; Economic Growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  8. Robots, jobs, and optimal fertility timing
    Autor*in: Costanzo, Claudio
    Erschienen: Nvember 2022
    Verlag:  ECARES, Brussels, Belgium

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    hdl: 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/351586
    Schriftenreihe: ECARES working paper ; 2022, 36
    Schlagworte: Automation; Demography; Fertility; Robots
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Robots and humans
    the role of fiscal and monetary policies in an endogenous growth model
    Autor*in: Afonso, Oscar; Sochirca, Elena; Neves, Pedro Cunha
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centro de Economia e Finanças da UP, [Porto]

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    Schriftenreihe: Cef.up working paper ; 2022, 01
    Schlagworte: Robots; Social Capital; Fiscal Policy; Monetary Policy; Growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Long-run effects of technological change
    the impact of automation and robots on intergenerational mobility
    Autor*in: Heyman, Fredrik; Olsson, Martin
    Erschienen: December 19, 2022
    Verlag:  Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

    This paper examines whether recent advancements in automation and robotics have affected intergenerational income mobility. Using detailed data on all individuals and firms registered in Sweden, we study whether parental exposure to robots at the... mehr

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    This paper examines whether recent advancements in automation and robotics have affected intergenerational income mobility. Using detailed data on all individuals and firms registered in Sweden, we study whether parental exposure to robots at the occupational level and heterogeneous adoption of robots across industries and regions influence children's outcomes in adulthood. We find that occupational exposure to robots is associated with lower income mobility for children. Based on a shift-share IV approach, we show that the lower intergenerational income mobility originates from industry-regions with a relatively large increase in robot adoption. In addition, we show that these children are worse off on a number of labor market and family-related outcomes. Our results point to a new channel through which technological changes affect intergenerational mobility and indicate that automation and exposure to new technologies can have long-lasting effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/297247
    Schriftenreihe: IFN working paper ; no. 1451 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Intergenerational Mobility; Automation; Robots; Matched Employer–Employee Data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Robots, exports and top income inequality
    evidence for the U.S.
    Autor*in: César, Andrés; Falcone, Guillermo; Garriga, Pablo
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, [La Plata, Argentina]

    The last decades have witnessed a revolution in manufacturing production characterized by increasing technology adoption and a strong expansion of international trade. Simultaneously, the income distribution has exhibited both polarization and... mehr

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    The last decades have witnessed a revolution in manufacturing production characterized by increasing technology adoption and a strong expansion of international trade. Simultaneously, the income distribution has exhibited both polarization and concentration among the richest. Combining datasets from the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, the International Federation of Robotics, EU KLEMS, and COMTRADE, we study the causal effect of industrial automation on income inequality in the U.S. during 2010–2015. We exploit spatial and time variations in exposure to robots arising from past differences in industry specialization across U.S. metropolitan areas and the evolution of robot adoption across industries. We document a robust positive impact of robotics on income for only the top 1 percent of taxpayers, which is largest for top income fractiles. Therefore, industrial automation fuels income inequality and, particularly, top income inequality. According to our estimates, one more robot per thousand workers results in relative increments of the total taxable income accruing to fractiles P99 to P99.9, P99.9 to P99.99 and P99.99 to P100, of 2.1 percent, 3.5 percent and 5.9 percent, respectively. We also find that robotization leads to increased exports to high-income and upper-middle-income economies, and that this is one of the key mechanisms behind the surge in top income inequality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/289888
    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / CEDLAS ; nro. 307 (Diciembre, 2022)
    Schlagworte: Robots; Automation; Metropolitan areas; United States; Exports; Income inequality; Top incomes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen