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Medieval translators played an important role in the development and evolution of a scientific lexicon. At a time when most scholars deferred to authority, the translations of canonical texts assumed great importance. Moreover, translation occurred at two levels in the Middle Ages. First, Greek or Arabic texts were translated into the learned language, Latin. Second, Latin texts became source-texts themselves, to be translated into the vernaculars as their importance across Europe started to increase. The situation of the respective translators at these two levels was fundamentally different: whereas the former could rely on a long tradition of scientific discourse, the latter had the enormous responsibility of actually developing a scientific vocabulary. The contributions in the present volume investigate both levels, greatly illuminating the emergence of the scientific terminology and concepts that became so fundamental in early modern intellectual discourse. The scientific disciplines covered in the book include, among others, medicine, biology, astronomy, and physics. Intro -- SCIENCE TRANSLATED LATIN AND VERNACULAR TRANSLATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC TREATISES IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- MEDIEVAL TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION STUDIES:SOME PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS -- SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATIONS FROM ARABIC:THE QUESTION OF REVISION -- Specimina -- 1. Abu Ma'shar, Great Introduction -- 1.1. Incipit -- 1.2. Book 3, chapter 4 -- 1.3. Explicit -- 2. Abu Ma'shar, Great Conjunctions -- 2.1. Book 1, chapter 130 -- 2.2. Book 8, chapter 131 -- 2.3. Explicit32 -- 3. Al-Qabisi, Introduction to Astrology -- 3.1. Incipit33 -- 3.2. Chapter 137 -- 3.3. Explicit39 -- LE BONHEUR PERDU: NOTE SUR LA TRADUCTION LATINE MÉDIÉVALE DU TALKHÎS KITÂB AL-ÎISS WA-L-MAÎSÛS (EPITOMÉ DU LIVRE DU SENS ET DU SENSIBLE) D'AVERROÈS -- Introduction -- Traduction et exégèse dans l'étude de la tradition grecque, arabe et latine des oeuvres d'Aristote -- La tradition arabe des Parva Naturalia et l'Epitomé du De Sensu d'Averroès. -- Le bonheur perdu: sur trois passages du De Somniis d'Averroès -- Conclusion -- HERMANN OF DALMATIA AND ROBERT OF KETTON: TWO TWELFTH-CENTURY TRANSLATORS IN THE EBRO VALLEY -- SHADHANIQAT AL-BALANSIYYA OR SHADHANIQAT AL-BAÎRIYYA: ON THE ARABIC TEXT AND THE LATIN TRANSLATIONS OF THE CALENDAR OF CORDOVA -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Romance Loanwords in Arabic -- 2. The Liber Regius version -- 3. Gerard of Cremona's version versus the Liber Regius -- 4. Balansiyya or baÌriyya? -- 5. On Arabic script -- 6. Conclusion -- THE TEXTUAL AND PICTORIAL METAMORPHOSES OF THE ANIMAL CALLED CHYROGRILLIUS -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Bible and the beginning of mistranslation -- 2. Representation in art -- 2.1. Hare -- 2.2. Hedgehog and Porcupine -- 2.3. Squirrel -- 2.4. Dog-like animal -- 3. Conclusion -- Appendix: Table -- TRACING THE TRAIL OF TRANSMISSION: THE PSEUDO-GALENIC DE SPERMATE IN LATIN -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Origin.
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