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  1. Ethnic spatial dispersion and immigrant identity
    conference paper
    Autor*in: Constant, Amelie; Schüller, Simone; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  ZBW, [Kiel

    Ethnic groups tend to agglomerate and assemble, mostly in urban areas. While ethnic clustering is critically debated in societies and the consequences for economic outcomes are under debate in research, the process is not yet well understood. A... mehr

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Ethnic groups tend to agglomerate and assemble, mostly in urban areas. While ethnic clustering is critically debated in societies and the consequences for economic outcomes are under debate in research, the process is not yet well understood. A separate literature has also examined the cultural and ethnic identity of immigrants and how these affect their economic performance and societal integration. However, an unexplored channel connects ethnic clustering with ethnic identity formation. Therefore this paper examines the role of ethnic geographic clustering in the sociocultural integration of immigrants. It employs survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, combined with disaggregated information at a low geographical level from the unexploited German full census of 1970 and 1987. We employ the exogenous placement of immigrants during their recruitment in the 1960s and 1970s and find that local co-ethnic concentration affects immigrants cultural integration. Residential ethnic clustering strengthens immigrants retention of an affiliation with their respective country of origin and weakens identification with the host society. The effects are nonlinear and only become significant at relatively high levels of co-ethnic concentration for the minority identity and at very low levels of local concentration for the majority identity. Our findings are robust to the use of an instrumental variable approach.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/100469
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; V1
    Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit; 7868
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.), graph. Darst.
  2. Evidence-based scientific policy advice
    Autor*in: Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    While policy measures affect the welfare of nations, the practice of policy advice is determined by complex rules. Evidence-based scientific policy advice gives weight to hard empirical facts and restrictions. The lecture discusses challenges and... mehr

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 443 (90)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    While policy measures affect the welfare of nations, the practice of policy advice is determined by complex rules. Evidence-based scientific policy advice gives weight to hard empirical facts and restrictions. The lecture discusses challenges and conditions for success and provides suggestions to improve the implementation of such a strategy

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/104990
    Schriftenreihe: IZA policy paper ; 90
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (10 S.), graph. Darst.
  3. The free movement of workers in an enlarged European Union
    institutional underpinnings of economic adjustment
    Autor*in: Kahanec, Martin; Pytlikova, Mariola; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    The eastern enlargements of the European Union (EU) and the extension of the free movement of workers to the new member states' citizens unleashed significant east-west migration flows in a labor market with more than half a billion people. Although... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4 (8456)
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    The eastern enlargements of the European Union (EU) and the extension of the free movement of workers to the new member states' citizens unleashed significant east-west migration flows in a labor market with more than half a billion people. Although many old member states applied transitional arrangements temporarily restricting the free movement of new member states' citizens, the need for adjustment became ever more important during the Great Recession, which affected EU member states unevenly. This chapter studies whether and how east-west migration flows in an enlarged EU responded to institutional and economic factors. We first develop a simple framework of adjustment through migration of workers between labor markets affected by asymmetric economic shocks. Using a new migration dataset and treating the EU enlargement and labor market openings towards the new EU members as a natural experiment allows us to estimate the effects of the EU accession and economic opportunities on migration. Applying the difference-in-differences and triple differences empirical modeling framework, we subsequently find that east-west migration flows in the EU responded positively to the EU entry and economic opportunities in receiving labor markets. However, this potential through which migration helped to ease the imbalances across EU labor markets was hampered by transitional arrangements, which negatively affected the flows of east-west migrants. We conclude that the free movement of workers is an asset that the EU needs to nurture as a means of adjusting to structural economic asymmetries as well as to short-run shocks across EU member states.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/103534
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8456
    Schlagworte: EU-Mitgliedschaft; Osteuropa; Arbeitsmigranten; Freizügigkeit; Arbeitsmarkt; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung; EU-Staaten; Weltwirtschaftskrise; Welt
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (34 S.), graph. Darst.
  4. How far away is a single European labor market?
    Autor*in: Krause, Annabelle; Rinne, Ulf; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    A Single European Labor Market, particularly involving the free movement of workers within Europe, has been a goal of the European community since the 1950s. Whereas it may entail opportunities and drawbacks alike, the benefits - such as greater... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4 (8383)
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    A Single European Labor Market, particularly involving the free movement of workers within Europe, has been a goal of the European community since the 1950s. Whereas it may entail opportunities and drawbacks alike, the benefits - such as greater economic welfare for most citizens - are supposed to outweigh the losses. However, over fifty years after the aim was first established, a Single European Labor Market has not yet been achieved. This paper gives an overview of current European macroeconomic trends, with a particular focus on the Great Recession, and also explores the drivers of and obstacles to labor mobility. Complementarily, it analyzes the results of a unique opinion survey among labor market experts, as well as formulates policy recommendations to enhance mobility. The development of a Single European Labor Market is also discussed in relation to the German model.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/101941
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8383
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarkt; EU-Binnenmarkt; Arbeitsmigranten; Wirtschaftskrise; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz; Betriebliche Ausbildung; EU-Staaten
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (29 S.), graph. Darst.
  5. Evidence-based scientific policy advice
    Autor*in: Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  German Data Forum (RatSWD), Berlin

    While policy measures affect the welfare of nations, the practice of policy advice is determined by complex rules. Evidence-based scientific policy advice gives weight to hard empirical facts and restrictions. The lecture discusses challenges and... mehr

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 220 (243)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    While policy measures affect the welfare of nations, the practice of policy advice is determined by complex rules. Evidence-based scientific policy advice gives weight to hard empirical facts and restrictions. The lecture discusses challenges and conditions for success and provides suggestions to improve the implementation of such a strategy.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/105824
    Schriftenreihe: Working Paper Series des Rates für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten ; 243
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (10 S.), graph. Darst.
  6. Euroskepticism in the crisis
    more mood than economy
    Autor*in: Ritzen, Jozef M. M.; Zimmermann, Klaus F.; Wehner, Caroline
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    Before the Great Recession, rising income inequality within the European Union member states has been considered to be one driver for an increasing Euroskepticism. Using rich data on attitudes towards European integration from the Eurobarometer (EB)... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4 (8001)
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    Before the Great Recession, rising income inequality within the European Union member states has been considered to be one driver for an increasing Euroskepticism. Using rich data on attitudes towards European integration from the Eurobarometer (EB) surveys, we revisit the issue by analyzing the relation between macroeconomic indicators, socio-economic background variables, individual attitudes and the level of Euroskepticism within the 27 EU member states for the period 2006 to 2011. Our analysis shows that Euroskepticism has increased by on third during the financial crisis, while income inequality on average stayed stable. We find that the increase in Euroskepticism is mostly due to "mood:" the fear of losing cultural identity and financial expectations and by large unrelated to economic background variables like income inequality. We find evidence that negative financial expectations are positively related to Euroskepticism in Western European countries and negatively related to Euroskepticism in Eastern European countries. That suggests that financially pessimistic people in Western Europe might interpret European integration as a threat to their financial situation, while Eastern European people might view it as a chance to improve their economic situation.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/93254
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8001
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (23 S.)
  7. Does the calculation hold?
    the fiscal balance of migration to Denmark and Germany
    Autor*in: Hinte, Holger; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    Calculating the net fiscal effects of immigration not just for a fiscal year but over the lifespan of immigrant cohorts accentuates the assets and deficits in migration and integration policies and their long-term potential. The less national... mehr

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    Calculating the net fiscal effects of immigration not just for a fiscal year but over the lifespan of immigrant cohorts accentuates the assets and deficits in migration and integration policies and their long-term potential. The less national policies concentrate on a labor migrant selection process according to economic criteria, the higher the risk of generating economic losses or only a reduced surplus. A country comparison of net tax payments and generational accounts for migrants and natives reveals even more clearly that the right mix of migrants will give the best chance to maximize positive and sustainable net fiscal effects to the benefit of society. Similar socio-economic frameworks - as in the western welfare states of Denmark and Germany showcased in this paper - may still result in substantially different economic outcomes of migration. Traditional immigration countries with a long experience in selecting migrants are nonetheless confronted with the need to evaluate and adapt their policies. They may also learn from the results of net fiscal balancing.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/104989
    Schriftenreihe: IZA policy paper ; 87
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (37 S.), graph. Darst.
  8. Is child like parent?
    educational attainment and ethnic origin
    Autor*in: Gang, Ira N.; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: August 1999
    Verlag:  Rutgers University, Department of Economics, New Brunswick, NJ

    The speed at which immigrants assimilate is the subject of debate. Human capital formation plays a major role in this discussion. This paper compares the educational attainment of second generation immigrants to those of natives in the same age... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 66 (1996,14)
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    The speed at which immigrants assimilate is the subject of debate. Human capital formation plays a major role in this discussion. This paper compares the educational attainment of second generation immigrants to those of natives in the same age cohort. Evidence using a large German data set suggests ethnicity does matter: the size of the ethnic network has a positive effect on educational attainment, and a clear pattern is exhibited between countries-of-origin and educational attainment even in the second generation. For the children of the foreign-born, parental schooling plays no role in making educational choices. However, for Germans, contrary to the general findings in the literature, there is a statistically significant difference in favor of father´s education over mother's education.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/94295
    Schriftenreihe: Departmental working papers / Rutgers University, Department of Economics ; 96, 14
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmigranten; Ethnische Gruppe; Soziale Integration; Jugendliche; Bildungsniveau; Bildungsinvestition; Theorie; Deutschland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  9. Ethnic spatial dispersion and immigrant identity
    conference paper
    Autor*in: Constant, Amelie; Schüller, Simone; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  ZBW, [Kiel

    Ethnic groups tend to agglomerate and assemble, mostly in urban areas. While ethnic clustering is critically debated in societies and the consequences for economic outcomes are under debate in research, the process is not yet well understood. A... mehr

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DSM 13
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Ethnic groups tend to agglomerate and assemble, mostly in urban areas. While ethnic clustering is critically debated in societies and the consequences for economic outcomes are under debate in research, the process is not yet well understood. A separate literature has also examined the cultural and ethnic identity of immigrants and how these affect their economic performance and societal integration. However, an unexplored channel connects ethnic clustering with ethnic identity formation. Therefore this paper examines the role of ethnic geographic clustering in the sociocultural integration of immigrants. It employs survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, combined with disaggregated information at a low geographical level from the unexploited German full census of 1970 and 1987. We employ the exogenous placement of immigrants during their recruitment in the 1960s and 1970s and find that local co-ethnic concentration affects immigrants cultural integration. Residential ethnic clustering strengthens immigrants retention of an affiliation with their respective country of origin and weakens identification with the host society. The effects are nonlinear and only become significant at relatively high levels of co-ethnic concentration for the minority identity and at very low levels of local concentration for the majority identity. Our findings are robust to the use of an instrumental variable approach.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/100469
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; V1
    Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit; 7868
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.), graph. Darst.
  10. Is child like parent?
    educational attainment and ethnic origin
    Autor*in: Gang, Ira N.; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 1999
    Verlag:  Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn

    The speed at which immigrants assimilate is the subject of debate. Human capital formation plays a major role in this discussion. This paper compares the educational attainment of second generation immigrants to those of natives in the same age... mehr

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4 (57)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The speed at which immigrants assimilate is the subject of debate. Human capital formation plays a major role in this discussion. This paper compares the educational attainment of second generation immigrants to those of natives in the same age cohort. Evidence using a large German data set suggests ethnicity does matter: the size of the ethnic network has a positive effect on educational attainment, and a clear pattern is exhibited between countries-of-origin and educational attainment even in the second generation. For the children of the foreign-born, parental schooling plays no role in making educational choices. However, for Germans, contrary to the general findings in the literature, there is a statistically significant difference in favor of father's education over mother's education.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/20892
    Schriftenreihe: IZA Discussion paper series ; 57
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmigranten; Ethnische Gruppe; Soziale Integration; Jugendliche; Bildungsniveau; Bildungsinvestition; Theorie; Deutschland
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([3], 28, [1] S.)
  11. Occupational mobility of ethnic migrants
    Autor*in: Bauer, Thomas K.; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 1999
    Verlag:  Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn

    This paper studies occupational mobility of ethnic German migrants who have entered Germany since 1984. The empirical analysis suggests significant differences in the probability of downward occupational mobility by gender, immigration status, and... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4 (58)
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    This paper studies occupational mobility of ethnic German migrants who have entered Germany since 1984. The empirical analysis suggests significant differences in the probability of downward occupational mobility by gender, immigration status, and schooling levels. In general, migrants with higher skill levels face sharper deteriorations in their relative labor market position at the time of immigration, but are also able to reach their original occupational status much faster than low-skilled immigrants.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/20893
    RVK Klassifikation: QV 000
    Schriftenreihe: IZA Discussion paper series ; 58
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmobilität; Qualifikation; Bildungsinvestition; Schätzung; Arbeitsmigranten; Deutschland; Rückwanderung
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([3], 24 S.), graph. Darst.
  12. Overtime work and overtime compensation in Germany
    Autor*in: Bauer, Thomas K.; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 1999
    Verlag:  Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn

    Sharing the available stock of work more fairly is a popular concern in the public policy debate. One policy proposal is to reduce overtime work in order to allow the employment of more people. This paper suggests that such a concept faces major... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4 (48)
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    Sharing the available stock of work more fairly is a popular concern in the public policy debate. One policy proposal is to reduce overtime work in order to allow the employment of more people. This paper suggests that such a concept faces major problems. Using Germany as a case study, it is shown that the group of workers with the highest risks of becoming unemployed, namely the unskilled, also exhibit low levels of overtime work. Those who work overtime, namely the skilled, face excess demand on the labour market. Since skilled and unskilled workers are largely complements in production, a general reduction in overtime will lead to less production and hence also to a decline in the level of unskilled employment. The paper provides empirical support for this line of argument. It is also shown that paid overtime work has lost relative importance over time.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/20885
    RVK Klassifikation: QV 000
    Schriftenreihe: IZA Discussion paper series ; 48
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([2], 23 S.), graph. Darst.
  13. Ethnic German migration since 1989
    results and perspectives = Aussiedler seit 1989 - Bilanz und Perspektiven
    Autor*in: Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 1999
    Verlag:  Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn

    Among all European countries, Germany absorbs by far the largest number of immigrants. But to date, the German government has yet to adopt a system that will effectively control the influx of foreigners. The immigration of Ethnic Germans from Eastern... mehr

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    Among all European countries, Germany absorbs by far the largest number of immigrants. But to date, the German government has yet to adopt a system that will effectively control the influx of foreigners. The immigration of Ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe, which is due to historical events and therefore constitutionally guaranteed, is a special case. It is marked by selection criteria (language tests), de facto quotas, and mobility restrictions. Although the immigration of foreigners and Ethnic Germans produces overall positive effects, the recent trend has been more problematic, especially as the economic situation in Germany deteriorated. Ethnic Germans are basically facing the same difficulties with social and economic integration as foreigners. A majority of young Ethnic Germans have no cultural or language ties to Germany. Insufficient language skills and the lack of adequate education and training often limit their labor market prospects to simple tasks and physical labor. Over the last few years, unemployment among Ethnic Germans in the workforce has increased. This study concludes that Germany needs a welldirected immigration policy in order to make the immigration process transparent and predictable. This would also lead to a better acceptance of foreigners and Ethnic Germans in society. A German immigration law could be based on the existing structures that apply to the influx of Ethnic Germans.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch; Deutsch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/20886
    Schriftenreihe: IZA Discussion paper series ; 50
    Schlagworte: Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte; Soziale Integration; Migrationspolitik; Arbeitsmigranten; Deutschland; Rückwanderung
    Umfang: Online-Ressource ([3], 34 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. Migration and the demographic shift
    Autor*in: Zaiceva, Anzelika; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    This chapter connects population aging with international migration. After documenting the trends for both, we review the supply-push and demand-pull determinants of migration, focusing particularly on the role of age and aging. We subsequently... mehr

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    This chapter connects population aging with international migration. After documenting the trends for both, we review the supply-push and demand-pull determinants of migration, focusing particularly on the role of age and aging. We subsequently discuss the literature concerning the implications of migration in the context of aging for labor markets, health and public budgets including the political economy context. Although immigration is sometimes suggested as a solution for the aging problem, the existing academic literature from different fields is more cautious about its role and potential. While large-scale selective immigration might contribute to alleviating demographic pressures, it is unlikely that immigration will increase to the unrealistically large numbers needed.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/107530
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8743
    Schlagworte: Alternde Bevölkerung; Internationale Migration; Arbeitsmigranten; Ältere Arbeitskräfte; Beschäftigungseffekt; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Welt
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (71 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. Home sweet home?
    macroeconomic conditions in home countries and the well-being of migrants
    Autor*in: Akay, Alpaslan; Bargain, Olivier; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Dep. of Economics, Göteborg Univ., Göteborg

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 50 (592)
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2077/35737
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, Göteborg University ; 592
    Schlagworte: Migranten; Zufriedenheit; Soziale Integration; Deutschland; Bruttoinlandsprodukt; Arbeitsmarkt; International
    Umfang: Online-Resoource (41 S.)