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  1. Assessing policy impacts in digital services trade
    implications for the Philippines
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    Rapid digitalization has become an integral feature of the global economy in recent years, as markets became more connected and new modes of production and trade emerged. Having a relatively open digital environment, the Philippines is poised for... mehr

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    Rapid digitalization has become an integral feature of the global economy in recent years, as markets became more connected and new modes of production and trade emerged. Having a relatively open digital environment, the Philippines is poised for digital trade integration with its Asia-Pacific neighbors. However, various measures must be taken for the country to be fully prepared for regional integration. Some of these are considered low-hanging fruits and can be quickly adopted by the government. This paper examined these low-hanging fruits, in terms of their effects on digital services trade. It conducted a two-stage regression of the gravity model of trade, using data from various sources. This allowed for the estimation of country-specific characteristics in the presence of three-way fixed effects. Results show that the low-hanging fruits generate heterogenous effects on digital services trade. Ratifying the revised WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is positively associated with digital services trade, despite an earlier version having negative effects. Data retention requirements and online piracy have both positive and negative effects, while the effects of local loop unbundling were inconclusive. Overall, data retention was more facilitative while online piracy had greater adverse effects on digital services trade. These findings suggest the importance of acceding to the GPA, as well as revising the conditions of data retention requirements, strengthening copyright enforcement, and providing additional channels for promotion of legal content.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284566
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2022, 29 (November 2022)
    Schlagworte: digital services trade; WTO GPA; local loop unbundling; data retention policy; copyright enforcement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. FTA utilization in the Philippines
    trends and determinants
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    The Philippines has adopted free trade agreements (FTAs) as a major component of its trade policy in the last two decades. As it continues to pursue trade liberalization through joining these agreements, taking a closer look to the extent of FTA... mehr

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    The Philippines has adopted free trade agreements (FTAs) as a major component of its trade policy in the last two decades. As it continues to pursue trade liberalization through joining these agreements, taking a closer look to the extent of FTA utilization in the country is important. This study attempted to reveal stylized facts on the trends of Philippine FTA utilization. Using the universe of trade transactions data, FTA utilization trends were observed both from the export and import perspectives. Throughout the 2010s, FTA utilization among exporters has been low; in contrast, utilization in imports has been expanding. The calculated utilization rates also revealed that Philippine imports have considerably utilized FTAs, with the exception of imports from Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. The study also identified key determinants of FTA use among Philippine manufacturing firms, using a micro data set that merged the trade transactions data with the firm survey/census data. Results of the regression analysis suggest the significance of acquiring sufficient productivity levels, as well as knowledge and experience on international trade activities, in firm FTA use. It was also notable that foreign ownership was a positive determinant of FTA use in exports, while exhibiting negative estimates on FTA import use. The state of competition at the industry level could negatively affect a firm's decision to use FTAs, while larger preferential tariff margins could persuade firms to trade under FTA schemes. With regard to the Philippine FTA policy, the findings of this study highlight the need to focus on stimulating FTA use among Philippine firms.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284572
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2022, 35 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: FTA utilization; self-selection; matched data; firm knowledge
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Green and digital
    managing the twin transition toward sustainable development
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    The global shift toward sustainability and increased digitalization is evident. Nations are integrating renewable energy, carbon emission reduction, and advancements in green technologies into their development plans. Simultaneously, Industry 4.0 has... mehr

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    The global shift toward sustainability and increased digitalization is evident. Nations are integrating renewable energy, carbon emission reduction, and advancements in green technologies into their development plans. Simultaneously, Industry 4.0 has revealed the diverse ways technology influences human life. Rather than separate factors, these dual forces are interconnected elements that countries must navigate for sustainable progress. As countries continue to pursue development strategies, taking a closer look on this twin phenomenon is important. This study assesses how investments, labor, science, technology, innovation, and artificial intelligence contribute to this dual transformation. Through desk reviews and synthesized data, this paper highlights relevant initiatives, technology-related risks, and recommendations for addressing existing gaps. The study acknowledges existing government initiatives aligned with green transition and digitalization. However, it identifies persistent issues, such as inadequate investment in clean climate technologies, shortage of skilled workers in green sectors, and uncertainties regarding the sustainability of AI. To overcome these challenges, the paper proposes directions to bridge gaps, remove barriers to participation, and enhance capabilities, aiming to fully harness the potential of this combined transition.

     

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    hdl: 10419/284620
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2023, 21 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: Green transition; digitalization; labor; artificial intelligence; green investments; science; technology and innovation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Does FTA import utilization enhance firm performance?
    an assessment of the Philippine manufacturing sector
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It utilized recent developments in differencesin-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and... mehr

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    This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It utilized recent developments in differencesin-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and variation in treatment timing. This DID method was applied to a rich Philippine microdata set that integrates the annual firm surveys/censuses with import transactions data. The empirical analysis reveals that the FTA import utilization effects varied across different groups and periods; some estimates did not even have the expected signs. Overall, productivity gains were limited for importers that started to use FTAs. However, the productivity losses observed from quitting FTA use suggest potential long-run productivity gains obtained by consistent FTA users. The results also confirm the trade-facilitating effects of FTAs, as FTA starters consistently experienced substantial import growth. Meanwhile, quitting use only generated short-term adverse effects on firm imports, implying that some importers might have eventually increased their imports from non-FTA partners. Among others, policymakers must prioritize easing FTA procedures, intensify firm support mechanisms, and improve data access and monitoring. The country's ongoing effort in monitoring import surges could be leveraged to also identify sectors that heavily rely on imported intermediate inputs. This could be crucial in facilitating their participation and upgrading in global value chains.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284617
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2023, 18 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: free trade agreements; firm performance; import facilitation; difference-indifferences; doubly robust
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The extent of innovation in Philippine business and industry
    results of the 2021 PIDS Survey of Innovation Activities
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    The Oslo Manual, following ideas of Schumpeter, defines innovation as "the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business practices,... mehr

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    DS 146
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The Oslo Manual, following ideas of Schumpeter, defines innovation as "the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations". With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIRe), governments have become even more cognizant of innovation as a major driver of economic performance, from output, to productivity, and to competitiveness. The Philippine government acknowledges its role in establishing and maintaining a conducive policy environment to encourage innovation and support the country's innovation ecosystem. Examining innovation and its relation to economic growth, the study involves the conduct and analysis of the 2021 PIDS Survey of Innovation Activities (PSIA). Unlike the first PSIA undertaken in 2015, and a pilot of the survey conducted in 2009, the 2021 PSIA provides a nationally representative reading of the entire Philippine business and industry. The survey suggests that as of 2021, a third (33.6%) of firms are innovation active, with innovation practiced more among medium and large establishments than micro- and small ones. Further, innovation is much more prevalent in Mindanao among major islands, and in ICT firms (and least in Agriculture). Aside from information on innovation activities, data on the use of digital platforms by Philippine businesses was also gathered in the 2021 PSA, in recognition of the expanding markets arising from rising digitalization and more rapid use of internet, even by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The survey results of the 2021 PSIA are expected to be inputs on how government can be more successful in mainstreaming innovation in the country.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284610
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2023, 11 (July 2023)
    Schlagworte: innovation; product innovation; process innovation; organizational innovation; marketing innovation; micro; small and medium enterprises (MSMEs); Fourth Industrial Revolution; platform economy; digital platforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen