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1. Dietary polyphenols for managing cancers: What have we ignored?

   Autor*in: Wu X.; Li M.; Xiao Z.; Daglia M.; Dragan S.; Delmas D.; Vong C. T.; Wang Y.; Zhao Y.; Shen J.; Nabavi S. M.; Sureda A.; Cao H.; Simal-Gandara J.; Wang M.; Sun C.; Wang S.; Xiao J.

   Erschienen: 2020

   Although the chemoprevention and anti-cancer activities of dietary polyphenols have been evidenced through both in vitro and in vivo studies, most of the human clinical trials were unsuccessful or even harmful. Debates on the beneficial roles of... mehr

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   http://hdl.handle.net/11588/826825 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.017

   Although the chemoprevention and anti-cancer activities of dietary polyphenols have been evidenced through both in vitro and in vivo studies, most of the human clinical trials were unsuccessful or even harmful. Debates on the beneficial roles of dietary polyphenols in cancer therapy are increasing. Many dietary polyphenols studies are conducted by in vitro experiments, but the nature of these studies does not consider the complexity of metabolic processes that are present in vivo. These can often cause instability in the dietary polyphenols, thereby leading to unsuccessful extrapolation into animal or human studies. Dietary polyphenols often have low bioavailability, which is mainly due to poor bioaccessibility and significant metabolism mediated by both host enzymes and colon microbiota. Some metabolites or catabolites are more potent and absorb better than the parent component. It is recognised that the oral bioavailability of dietary polyphenols is underestimated when the bioactive metabolites or catabolites are not considered. Notably, dietary polyphenols and their metabolites undergo further cellular metabolism within the cancer cells, which confers “cellular bioavailability” as an additional step to influence the actions of dietary polyphenols. Moreover, there are growing controversies in using dietary polyphenols for both chemopreventive and anti-cancer applications. A clear therapeutic window for dietary polyphenols as specific chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents is required. This review, thus, aims to identify key issues that were ignored by most of the studies, or are critical for future investigation.

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   Quelle:	BASE Fachausschnitt AVL
   Sprache:	Englisch
   Medientyp:	Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
   Format:	Online
   Schlagworte:	Anti-cancer activity; Bioavailability; Dietary polyphenol; Metabolite; Microbiota; Stability

2. Dietary polyphenols and type 2 diabetes: Human Study and Clinical Trial

   Autor*in: Cao H.; Ou J.; Chen L.; Zhang Y.; Szkudelski T.; Delmas D.; Daglia M.; Xiao J.

   Erschienen: 2019

   Significant evidence from epidemiological investigations showed that dietary polyphenols might manage and prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review summarizes human studies and clinical trials of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents. Polyphenols from... mehr

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   http://hdl.handle.net/11588/826854 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1492900

   Significant evidence from epidemiological investigations showed that dietary polyphenols might manage and prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review summarizes human studies and clinical trials of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents. Polyphenols from coffee, guava tea, whortleberry, olive oil, propolis, chocolate, red wine, grape seed, and cocoa have been reported to show anti-diabetic effects in T2D patients through increasing glucose metabolism, improving vascular function as well as reducing insulin resistance and HbA1c level. However, individual flavonoid or isoflavonoid compounds appear to have no therapeutic effect on diabetes, based on the limited clinical data. Preliminary clinical trials provided evidence that resveratrol had anti-diabetic activity in humans by improving glycemic control in subjects with insulin resistance. Besides, anthocyanins exhibited anti-diabetic properties by reducing blood glucose and HbA1c levels or the improvement of insulin secretion and resistance. The structure-activity relationship of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents in humans has been rarely reported.

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   Quelle:	BASE Fachausschnitt AVL
   Sprache:	Englisch
   Medientyp:	Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
   Format:	Online
   Schlagworte:	clinical trial; Dietary polyphenol; human Study; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Human; Hypoglycemic Agent; Polyphenol; Diet; Insulin Resistance