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  1. Price elasticities and implied tax revenue for alcoholic beverages
    evidence from Poland, France and Spain
    Autor*in: Bittschi, Benjamin; Fortin, Ines; Koch, Sebastian; Sellner, Richard; Loretz, Simon; Zwirn, Gregor
    Erschienen: April 2019
    Verlag:  Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Wien

    The study estimates the tax revenue effects of changes in alcohol excise taxes for Spain, France and Poland. In addition to excise tax and VAT revenue effects, the price pass-through and the impact on market volumes is estimated. The main parameters... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 533
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The study estimates the tax revenue effects of changes in alcohol excise taxes for Spain, France and Poland. In addition to excise tax and VAT revenue effects, the price pass-through and the impact on market volumes is estimated. The main parameters - the tax pass-through rate of excise duties to consumer prices and the price elasticities of demand for alcoholic beverages - are estimated via state-of-the-art econometric approaches based a combination of household-levels and macro data. In a first step, the literature survey finds very diverse estimates for price elasticities of alcoholic beverages. We find evidence that excise taxes are typically fully passed onto consumer prices. Using micro data at the household level, we find price elasticities of demand for Spain, France and Poland which are higher (in absolute terms) than those typically found in the literature. This implies that price increases lead to larger drops in sales volume and, thus, tax increases might not result in the expected additional tax revenues. A macro level estimation of the relation between excise tax rates and revenues confirms a Laffer-curve type relationship, i.e., tax revenues cease to increase if excise tax rates reach a certain threshold level. The empirical evidence in this study suggests that the tax rates for beer and wine are well below this revenue maximising saddle point, but the evidence is inconclusive for spirits in the countries in question. Using the simulation tool developed in this study, it is found that a 1 percent increase in the excise tax rates of each alcoholic beverage prevailing in 2017 in each of the countries will have the strongest negative effect on the market volumes of spirits, while for beer and wine these increases translate to by and large higher collected tax revenues. Noteworthily, in some scenarios excise tax increases result in decreases in VAT revenues due to a significant reduction in the higher value on-trade sales.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207152
    Schriftenreihe: WIFO working papers ; 2019, 579
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Robots at work?
    pitfalls of industry level data
    Autor*in: Bekhtiar, Karim; Bittschi, Benjamin; Sellner, Richard
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Wien

    In a seminal paper Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase labor productivity and TFP, lower output prices and adversely affect the employment share of lowskilled labor. We demonstrate that these effects are heavily influenced by the... mehr

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    DS 533
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    In a seminal paper Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase labor productivity and TFP, lower output prices and adversely affect the employment share of lowskilled labor. We demonstrate that these effects are heavily influenced by the sample composition and argue that focusing on manufacturing and mining sectors mitigates unobserved heterogeneity and is more coherent with an identification strategy that rests on instruments that do not vary by industries. In sum, this leads to more plausible results regarding the overall economic effects of robotization, whereby the focus on robotizing industries leads to a sizable drop of the productivity effects, halving the effect size for labor productivity and insignificant price effects. The most pronounced consequences from the sample choice occur for labor market outcomes, where significant negative employment effects become insignificant and positive wage effects are reversed into the opposite. We show that controlling for demographic workforce characteristics is essential for obtaining significant labor productivity effects and leads to the negative effects of robots on wages. Additionally, investigating only robotizing sectors does not corroborate skill-biased technological change due to robotization, but rather, indicates towards labor market polarization. Finally, we document a non-monotonicity in one of the instruments, which calls for caution in the use of that instrument.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249259
    Schriftenreihe: WIFO working papers ; 639 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Robots; Productivity; Technological change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Robots at work? pitfalls of industry level data
    Autor*in: Bekhtiar, Karim; Bittschi, Benjamin; Sellner, Richard
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Wien

    In a seminal paper Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase labor productivity and TFP, lower output prices and adversely affect the employment share of low-skilled labor. We show that these effects hold only, when comparing... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 387
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    In a seminal paper Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase labor productivity and TFP, lower output prices and adversely affect the employment share of low-skilled labor. We show that these effects hold only, when comparing hardly-robotizing with highly-robotizing sectors and collapse, when only the latter are analyzed. Controlling for demographic workforce variables reestablishes the productivity effects, but still rejects positive wage effects and skill-biased technological change. Additionally, we find no effects, when the investigation period is extended to the most recent data (2008-2015) and document non-monotonicity in one of the instruments, which calls the respective results into question.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231376
    Schriftenreihe: IHS working paper ; 30 (February 2021)
    Schlagworte: Robots; Productivity; Technological Change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Robots at work?
    pitfalls of industry level data
    Autor*in: Bekhtiar, Karim; Bittschi, Benjamin; Sellner, Richard
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In a seminal paper Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase labor productivity and TFP, lower output prices and adversely aect the employment share of low-skilled labor. We show that these effects hold only, when comparing... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 677
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    In a seminal paper Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase labor productivity and TFP, lower output prices and adversely aect the employment share of low-skilled labor. We show that these effects hold only, when comparing hardly-robotizing with highly-robotizing sectors and collapse, when only the latter are analyzed. Controlling for demographic workforce variables reestablishes the productivity effects, but still rejects positive wage effects and skill-biased technological change. Additionally, we find no effects, when the investigation period is extended to the most recent data (2008-2015) and document non-monotonicity in one of the instruments, which calls the respective results into question.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/233803
    Schriftenreihe: EconPol working paper ; vol. 5, 58 (2021, February)
    Schlagworte: Robots; Productivity; Technological Change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen