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  1. Surveying business uncertainty
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

    We develop a new monthly panel survey of business executives and a new question design that elicits subjective probability distributions over own-firm outcomes at a one-year lookahead horizon. Our Survey of Business Uncertainty (SBU) began in 2014... mehr

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    We develop a new monthly panel survey of business executives and a new question design that elicits subjective probability distributions over own-firm outcomes at a one-year lookahead horizon. Our Survey of Business Uncertainty (SBU) began in 2014 and now covers 1,500 firms drawn from all 50 states, every major industry in the nonfarm private sector, and a full range of firm sizes. We use SBU data to measure expected future outcomes for the growth of sales, employment, and investment for each firm and the uncertainty surrounding those expectations. Mean expectations are highly predictive of realized growth rates in the firm-level data, and subjective uncertainty is highly predictive of absolute forecast errors. We also use the SBU data to produce a Business Expectations Index (first moment) and a Business Uncertainty Index (second moment) for the U.S. economy. In Granger causality tests, the Business Expectations Index has statistically significant predictive power for a range of prominent business cycle indicators. The SBU also includes special questions that elicit additional information, including the perceived effects of specific government policy developments on the firm's decisions and outcomes.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/200551
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2019, 13 (June 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Surveying business uncertainty
    Erschienen: June 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25956
    Schlagworte: Konjunktur; Erwartungsbildung; Unternehmen; Befragung; Panel; Kausalanalyse; USA
    Umfang: 79 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe

  3. COVID-19 is also a reallocation shock
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27137
    Umfang: 39 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  4. Economic uncertainty before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

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    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of England ; no. 876
    Schlagworte: Forward-looking uncertainty measures; volatility; Covid-19; coronavirus
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Why working from home will stick
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 21, 027 (May, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Coronavirus; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als: NBER Working Paper No. 28731

  6. Internet Access and its Implications for Productivity, Inequality, and Resilience
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    About one-fifth of paid workdays will be supplied from home in the post-pandemic economy, and more than one-fourth on an earnings-weighted basis. In view of this projection, we consider some implications of home internet access quality, exploiting... mehr

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    About one-fifth of paid workdays will be supplied from home in the post-pandemic economy, and more than one-fourth on an earnings-weighted basis. In view of this projection, we consider some implications of home internet access quality, exploiting data from the new Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. Moving to high-quality, fully reliable home internet service for all Americans ("universal access") would raise earnings-weighted labor productivity by an estimated 1.1% in the coming years. The implied output gains are $160 billion per year, or $4 trillion when capitalized at a 4% rate. Estimated flow output payoffs to universal access are nearly three times as large in economic disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic. Our survey data also say that subjective well-being was higher during the pandemic for people with better home internet service conditional on age, employment status, earnings, working arrangements, and other controls. In short, universal access would raise productivity, and it would promote greater economic and social resilience during future disasters that inhibit travel and in-person interactions

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29102
    Schlagworte: Internet; Telekommunikationsnetz; Breitbandkommunikation; Telearbeit; Produktivität; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  7. Why working from home will stick
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1790 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; USA; productivity; technological innovations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The shift to remote work lessens wage-growth pressures
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The recent shift to remote work raised the amenity value of employment. As compensation adjusts to share the amenity-value gains with employers, wage-growth pressures moderate. We find empirical support for this mechanism in the wage-setting behavior... mehr

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    The recent shift to remote work raised the amenity value of employment. As compensation adjusts to share the amenity-value gains with employers, wage-growth pressures moderate. We find empirical support for this mechanism in the wage-setting behavior of U.S. employers, and we develop novel survey data to quantify its force. Our data imply a cumulative wage-growth moderation of 2.0 percentage points over two years. This moderation offsets more than half the real-wage catchup effect that Blanchard (2022) highlights in his analysis of near- term inflation pressures. The amenity-values gains associated with the recent rise of remote work also lower labor's share of national income by 1.1 percentage points. In addition, the "unexpected compression" of wages since early 2020 (Autor and Dube, 2022) is partly explained by the same amenity-value effect, which operates differentially across the earnings distribution.

     

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    hdl: 10419/263601
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15385
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Lohnbildung; Lohnniveau; Lohnquote; USA; remote work; amenity value; wage growth; inflation dynamics; recession risk; business expectations; labor's share of national income; wage compression
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Economic uncertainty before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

    We consider several economic uncertainty indicators for the United States and the UK before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: implied stock market volatility, newspaper-based economic policy uncertainty, twitter chatter about economic uncertainty,... mehr

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    We consider several economic uncertainty indicators for the United States and the UK before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: implied stock market volatility, newspaper-based economic policy uncertainty, twitter chatter about economic uncertainty, subjective uncertainty about future business growth, and disagreement among professional forecasters about future gross domestic product growth. Three results emerge. First, all indicators show huge uncertainty jumps in reaction to the pandemic and its economic fallout. Indeed, most indicators reach their highest values on record. Second, peak amplitudes differ greatly-from an 80 percent rise (relative to January 2020) in two-year implied volatility on the S&P 500 to a 20-fold rise in forecaster disagreement about UK growth. Third, time paths also differ: implied volatility rose rapidly from late February and peaked in mid-March, falling back by late March as stock prices began to recover. In contrast, broader measures of uncertainty peaked later and then plateaued, as job losses mounted, highlighting the difference in uncertainty measures between Wall Street and Main Street.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/228261
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2020, 9 (July 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Why Working from Home Will Stick
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    COVID-19 drove a mass social experiment in working from home (WFH). We survey more than 30,000 Americans over multiple waves to investigate whether WFH will stick, and why. Our data say that 20 percent of full workdays will be supplied from home... mehr

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    COVID-19 drove a mass social experiment in working from home (WFH). We survey more than 30,000 Americans over multiple waves to investigate whether WFH will stick, and why. Our data say that 20 percent of full workdays will be supplied from home after the pandemic ends, compared with just 5 percent before. We develop evidence on five reasons for this large shift: better-than-expected WFH experiences, new investments in physical and human capital that enable WFH, greatly diminished stigma associated with WFH, lingering concerns about crowds and contagion risks, and a pandemic-driven surge in technological innovations that support WFH. We also use our survey data to project three consequences: First, employees will enjoy large benefits from greater remote work, especially those with higher earnings. Second, the shift to WFH will directly reduce spending in major city centers by at least 5-10 percent relative to the pre-pandemic situation. Third, our data on employer plans and the relative productivity of WFH imply a 5 percent productivity boost in the post-pandemic economy due to re-optimized working arrangements. Only one-fifth of this productivity gain will show up in conventional productivity measures, because they do not capture the time savings from less commuting

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28731
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Coronavirus; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  11. Long Social Distancing
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our... mehr

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    More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our monthly Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. It is more common among older persons, women, the less educated, those who earn less, and in occupations and industries that require many face-to-face encounters. People who intend to continue social distancing have lower labor force participation - unconditionally, and conditional on demographics and other controls. Regression models that relate outcomes to intentions imply that Long Social Distancing reduced participation by 2.5 percentage points in the first half of 2022. Separate self-assessed causal effects imply a reduction of 2.0 percentage points. The impact on the earnings-weighted participation rate is smaller at about 1.4 percentage points. This drag on participation reduces potential output by nearly one percent and shrinks the college wage premium. Economic reasoning and evidence suggest that Long Social Distancing and its effects will persist for many months or years

     

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  12. Long social distancing
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our... mehr

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    More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our monthly Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. It is more common among older persons, women, the less educated, those who earn less, and in occupations and industries that require many face-to-face encounters. People who intend to continue social distancing have lower labor force participation - unconditionally, and conditional on demographics and other controls. Regression models that relate outcomes to intentions imply that Long Social Distancing reduced participation by 2.5 percentage points in the first half of 2022. Separate self- assessed causal effects imply a reduction of 2.0 percentage points. The impact on the earnings-weighted participation rate is smaller at about 1.4 percentage points. This drag on participation reduces potential output by nearly one percent and shrinks the college wage premium. Economic reasoning and evidence suggest that Long Social Distancing and its effects will persist for many months or years.

     

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    hdl: 10419/267381
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15644
    Schlagworte: social distancing; infection worries; pandemic; labor force participation; potential output; college wage premium; self-assessed causal effects; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Long social distancing
    Erschienen: 11-4-2022
    Verlag:  W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI

    More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our... mehr

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    More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our monthly Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. It is more common among older persons, women, the less educated, those who earn less, and in occupations and industries that require many face-to-face encounters. People who intend to continue social distancing have lower labor force participation-unconditionally, and conditional on demographics and other controls. Regression models that relate outcomes to intentions imply that Long Social Distancing reduced participation by 2.5 percentage points in the first half of 2022. Separate self-assessed causal effects imply a reduction of 2.0 percentage points. The impact on the earnings-weighted participation rate is smaller at about 1.4 percentage points. This drag on participation reduces potential output by nearly one percent and shrinks the college wage premium. Economic reasoning and evidence suggest that Long Social Distancing and its effects will persist for many months or years.

     

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    hdl: 10419/283971
    Schriftenreihe: Upjohn Institute working paper ; 22, 376
    Schlagworte: Social distancing; infection worries; pandemic; labor force participation; potential output; college wage premium; self-assessed causal effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The shift to remote work lessens wage-growth pressure
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1926 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Wirkungsanalyse; Lohn; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Long social distancing
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1918 (April 2023)
    Schlagworte: Infektionsschutz; Erwerbstätigkeit; Coronavirus; Kausalanalyse; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Working from home around the world
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1920 (May 2023)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Telearbeit; Welt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Time savings when working from home
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 23, 10 (January, 2023)
    NBER working paper series ; 30866
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Pendelverkehr; Zeitverwendung; Theorie; General; Time Allocation and Labor Supply; Organization of Production; Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise; Work from home; commute times; allocation of time savings; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Long social distancing
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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  19. The shift to remote work lessens wage-growth pressures
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

    The recent shift to remote work raised the amenity value of employment. As compensation adjusts to share the amenity-value gains with employers, wage-growth pressures moderate. We find empirical support for this mechanism in the wage-setting behavior... mehr

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    The recent shift to remote work raised the amenity value of employment. As compensation adjusts to share the amenity-value gains with employers, wage-growth pressures moderate. We find empirical support for this mechanism in the wage-setting behavior of US employers, and we develop novel survey data to quantify its force. Our data imply a cumulative wage-growth moderation of 2.0 percentage points over two years. This moderation offsets more than half the real-wage catchup effect that Blanchard (2022) highlights in his analysis of near-term inflation pressures. The amenity-values gains associated with the recent rise of remote work also lower labor's share of national income by 1.1 percentage points. In addition, the "unexpected compression" of wages since early 2020 (Autor and Dube, 2022) is partly explained by the same amenity-value effect, which operates differentially across the earnings distribution.

     

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    hdl: 10419/270450
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2022, 7 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Lohnbildung; Lohnniveau; Lohnquote; USA; remote work; amenity value; wage growth; inflation dynamics; recession risk; business expectations; labor's share of national income; wage compression
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Working from home around the globe
    2023 report
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    How prevalent is remote work on a global scale? What are the prevailing modes of working arrangements at present? What are the foremost advantages of working from home and on employer's business premises? Is there a need for policy intervention? Our... mehr

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    How prevalent is remote work on a global scale? What are the prevailing modes of working arrangements at present? What are the foremost advantages of working from home and on employer's business premises? Is there a need for policy intervention? Our new Global Survey of Working Arrangements provides new insights to answer these questions.

     

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    hdl: 10419/275827
    Schriftenreihe: EconPol policy brief ; vol. 7, 53 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: Telearbeit; Vergleich; Welt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The evolution of working from home
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 23, 19 (July, 2023)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Economic uncertainty before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27418
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Wirkungsanalyse; Wirtschaftsindikator; Risiko; Börsenkurs; Wirtschaftsprognose; Großbritannien; USA
    Umfang: 15 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten, Illustrationen
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  23. Internet access and its implications for productivity, inequality and resilience
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1799 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: home internet access; productivity; Covid-19; wellbeing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Pandemic-era uncertainty
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine several measures of uncertainty to make five points. First, equity market traders and executives at nonfinancial firms have shared similar assessments about one-year-ahead uncertainty since the pandemic struck. Both the one-year VIX and... mehr

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    We examine several measures of uncertainty to make five points. First, equity market traders and executives at nonfinancial firms have shared similar assessments about one-year-ahead uncertainty since the pandemic struck. Both the one-year VIX and our survey-based measure of firm-level uncertainty at a one-year forecast horizon doubled at the onset of the pandemic and then fell about half-way back to pre-pandemic levels by mid 2021. Second, and in contrast, the 1-month VIX, a Twitter-based Economic Uncertainty Index, and macro forecaster disagreement all rose sharply in reaction to the pandemic but retrenched almost completely by mid 2021. Third, Categorical Policy Uncertainty Indexes highlight the changing sources of uncertainty - from healthcare and fiscal policy uncertainty in spring 2020 to elevated uncertainty around monetary policy and national security as of March 2022. Fourth, firm-level risk perceptions skewed heavily to the downside in spring 2020 but shifted rapidly to the upside from fall 2020 onwards. Perceived upside uncertainty remains highly elevated as of early 2022. Fifth, our survey evidence suggests that elevated uncertainty is exerting only mild restraint on capital investment plans for 2022 and 2023, perhaps because perceived risks are so skewed to the upside.

     

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    hdl: 10419/263445
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15229
    Schlagworte: business expectations; uncertainty; subjective forecast distributions; capital investments; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Time savings when working from home
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, [London, United Kingdom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; no. 275
    Schlagworte: Work from home; commute times; allocation of time savings
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten)