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  1. Robots, marriageable men, family, and fertility
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Giuntella, Osea; Stella, Luca
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Robots have radically changed the demand for skills and the role of workers in production. This phenomenon has replaced routine and mostly physical work of blue collar workers, but it has also created positive employment spillovers in other... mehr

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    Robots have radically changed the demand for skills and the role of workers in production. This phenomenon has replaced routine and mostly physical work of blue collar workers, but it has also created positive employment spillovers in other occupations and sectors that require more social interaction and managing skills. This study examines how the exposure to robots and its heterogeneous effects on the labor market opportunities of men and women affected demographic behavior. We focus on the United States and find that in regions that were more exposed to robots, gender gaps in income and labor force participation declined, reducing the relative economic stature of men. Regions affected by intense robot penetration experienced also an increase in both divorce and cohabitation and a decline - albeit non-significant - in the number of marriages. While there was no change in the overall fertility rate, marital fertility declined, and there was an increase in nonmarital births. Our findings provide support to the hypothesis that changes in labor market structures that affect the absolute and relative prospects of men may reduce their marriage-market value and affect marital and fertility behavior.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248923
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9378 (2021)
    Schlagworte: automation; marriage market; divorce; cohabitation; fertility; gender
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Willingness to pay for workplace safety
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Koenig, Felix
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper develops a revealed-preference approach that uses budget constrain discontinuities to price workplace safety. We track hourly workers who face the decision of how many hours to work at varying levels of Covid-19 risk and leverage... mehr

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    This paper develops a revealed-preference approach that uses budget constrain discontinuities to price workplace safety. We track hourly workers who face the decision of how many hours to work at varying levels of Covid-19 risk and leverage state-specific discontinuities in unemployment insurance eligibility criteria to identify the labor supply behavior. Results show large baseline responses at the threshold and increasing responses for higher health risks. The observed behavior implies that workers are willing to accept 34% lower incomes to reduce the fatality rate by one standard deviation, or 1% of income for a one in a million chance of dying.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249014
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9469 (2021)
    Schlagworte: hazard pay; workplace safety; non-wage amenities; partial unemployment insurance; Covid19; labor supply; value of life
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Willingness to pay for workplace safety
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Koenig, Felix
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper develops a revealed-preference approach that uses budget constrain discontinuities to price workplace safety. We track hourly workers who face the decision of how many hours to work at varying levels of Covid-19 risk and leverage... mehr

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    This paper develops a revealed-preference approach that uses budget constrain discontinuities to price workplace safety. We track hourly workers who face the decision of how many hours to work at varying levels of Covid-19 risk and leverage state-specific discontinuities in unemployment insurance eligibility criteria to identify the labor supply behavior. Results show large baseline responses at the threshold and increasing responses for higher health risks. The observed behavior implies that workers are willing to accept 34% lower incomes to reduce the fatality rate by one standard deviation, or 1% of income for a one in a million chance of dying.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250580
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14919
    Schlagworte: hazard pay; workplace safety; non-wage amenities; partial unemployment insurance; COVID-19; labor supply; value of life
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Does emigration drain entrepreneurs?
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Basso, Gaetano; Ippedico, Giuseppe; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Emigration of young, motivated individuals may deprive countries-of-origin of entrepreneurs. We isolate exogenous variation in a large emigration wave from Italy between 2008 and 2015 by interacting diaspora networks with economic pull factors in... mehr

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    Emigration of young, motivated individuals may deprive countries-of-origin of entrepreneurs. We isolate exogenous variation in a large emigration wave from Italy between 2008 and 2015 by interacting diaspora networks with economic pull factors in destination countries, and find that larger emigration rates reduced firm creation and innovative start-ups. We estimate that for every 100 emigrants, 26 fewer firms were created. An accounting exercise shows that 37 percent of the effect was due to the disproportionate loss of young people. The remaining effect was due to selection into emigration of highly entrepreneurial individuals, as well as negative spillovers on firm creation.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223460
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8388 (2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Youth drain, entrepreneurship and innovation
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Basso, Gaetano; Ippedico, Giuseppe; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26055
    Schlagworte: Junge Erwachsene; Arbeitsmigranten; Brain Drain; Unternehmensgründung; Innovation; Italien
    Umfang: 64 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  6. We were the robots
    automation and voting behavior in Western Europe
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Colantone, Italo; Stanig, Piero
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, Department of Economics, University College London, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration ; CPD 19, 17
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Youth drain entrepreneurship and innovation
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Basso, Gaetano; Ippedico, Giuseppe; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1240 (October 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Aversion to breaking rules and migration
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Colussi, Tommaso; Ichino, Andrea
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Migration movements may increase the geographic dispersion of the Aversion to Breaking Rules (ABR) in a population, with possible long-term economic consequences. We show this result with Italian Census data, using indicators of false birth date... mehr

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    Migration movements may increase the geographic dispersion of the Aversion to Breaking Rules (ABR) in a population, with possible long-term economic consequences. We show this result with Italian Census data, using indicators of false birth date registrations for families of South-North migrants and remainers in the two macro-regions. Within locality×biennium cells, deterrence and cheating benefits are similar in the two groups and thus cheating differences are informative about the underlying ABR, as our theory suggests. We also exploit the Fascist reforms of 1926 as shocks to deterrence, offering additional information on the underlying ABR of migrant and remainer families.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236317
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14286
    Schlagworte: migration; aversion to breaking rules; Italy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Robots, labor markets, and family behavior
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Giuntella, Osea; Stella, Luca
    Erschienen: December 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Robots have radically changed the demand for skills and the role of workers in production at an unprecedented pace, with little scope for human capital adjustments. This has affected the job stability and the economic perspectives of large parts of... mehr

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    Robots have radically changed the demand for skills and the role of workers in production at an unprecedented pace, with little scope for human capital adjustments. This has affected the job stability and the economic perspectives of large parts of the population in all industrialized countries. Recent evidence on the US labor market has shown negative effects of robots on employment and wages. In this study, we examine how exposure to robots and its consequences on job stability and economic uncertainty have affected individual demographic behavior. To establish this relationship, we use data from the American Community Survey and the International Federation of Robotics and we adopt an empirical strategy that relies on regional industry specialization before the advent of robots combined with the growth of robot adoption by industry. We first document the differential effect of robots on the labor market opportunities of men and women. We find that in regions that were more exposed to robots, the gender-income and labor-force-participation gaps declined. We then show that US regions affected by intense robot penetration experienced a decrease in new marriages, and an increase in both divorce and cohabitation. While there was no change in overall fertility rate, marital fertility declined, and there was an increase in out-of-wedlock births. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the changes in labor markets triggered by robot adoption increased uncertainty, reduced the relative marriage-market value of men, and the willingness to commit for the long term.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215216
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12820
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Does emigration drain entrepreneurs?
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Basso, Gaetano; Ippedico, Giuseppe; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Emigration of young, motivated individuals may deprive countries-of-origin of entrepreneurs. We isolate exogenous variation in a large emigration wave from Italy between 2008 and 2015 by interacting diaspora networks with economic pull factors in... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Emigration of young, motivated individuals may deprive countries-of-origin of entrepreneurs. We isolate exogenous variation in a large emigration wave from Italy between 2008 and 2015 by interacting diaspora networks with economic pull factors in destination countries, and find that larger emigration rates reduced firm creation and innovative start-ups. We estimate that for every 100 emigrants, 26 fewer firms were created. An accounting exercise shows that 37 percent of the effect was due to the disproportionate loss of young people. The remaining effect was due to selection into emigration of highly entrepreneurial individuals, as well as negative spillovers on firm creation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223832
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13390
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The long run effects of high-school class gender composition
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: 2013

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 18744
    Schlagworte: Weiterführende Schule; Geschlecht; Bildungsniveau; Erwerbsverlauf; Italien
    Umfang: 50 S., graph. Darst.
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    Parallel als Online-Ausg. erschienen
  12. Gender of siblings and choice of college major
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  CESifo, München

    In this study we analyze whether the gender composition of siblings within a family affects the choice of College Major. The question is whether a family environment that is more gender-homogeneous encourages academic choices that are less gender... mehr

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    In this study we analyze whether the gender composition of siblings within a family affects the choice of College Major. The question is whether a family environment that is more gender-homogeneous encourages academic choices that are less gender stereotyped. We use the last name and the exact family address contained in a unique dataset covering 30,000 Italian students graduated from high school between 1985 and 2005 to identify siblings. We follow the academic career of these individuals from high school to college graduation. We find that mixed gender siblings within a family tend to choose college majors following a stereotypical gender specialization. Namely, males have higher probability of choosing "male dominated" majors such as Engineering and women higher probability of choosing "female dominated" majors such as Humanities. Same-gender siblings, on the other hand, have higher probability of making non-gender stereotyped choices. This college major choice is not driven by the choice of high school academic curriculum, which appears to be mainly function of geographical proximity to schools.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/89671
    RVK Klassifikation: QB 910
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 4529
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (19 S.)
  13. Foreign peer effects and STEM major choice
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Shih, Kevin Y.; Williams, Kevin
    Erschienen: April 2017
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Since the 1980s the United States has faced growing disinterest and high attrition from STEM majors. Over the same period, foreign-born enrollment in U.S. higher education has increased steadily. This paper examines whether foreign-born peers affect... mehr

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    Since the 1980s the United States has faced growing disinterest and high attrition from STEM majors. Over the same period, foreign-born enrollment in U.S. higher education has increased steadily. This paper examines whether foreign-born peers affect the likelihood American college students graduate with a STEM major. Using administrative student records from a large public university in California, we exploit idiosyncratic variation in the share of foreign peers across introductory math courses taught by the same professor over time. Results indicate that a 1 standard deviation increase in foreign peers reduces the likelihood native-born students graduate with STEM majors by 3 percentage points – equivalent to 3.7 native students displaced for 9 additional foreign students in an average course. STEM displacement is offset by an increased likelihood of choosing Social Science majors. However, the earnings prospects of displaced students are minimally affected as they appear to be choosing Social Science majors with equally high earning power. We demonstrate that comparative advantage and linguistic dissonance may operate as underlying mechanisms.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/161366
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 10743
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Foreign peer effects and STEM major choice
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Shih, Kevin Y.; Williams, Kevin
    Erschienen: May 2017
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich

    Since the 1980s the United States has faced growing disinterest and high attrition from STEM majors. Over the same period, foreign-born enrollment in U.S. higher education has increased steadily. This paper examines whether foreign-born peers affect... mehr

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    Since the 1980s the United States has faced growing disinterest and high attrition from STEM majors. Over the same period, foreign-born enrollment in U.S. higher education has increased steadily. This paper examines whether foreign-born peers affect the likelihood American college students graduate with a STEM major. Using administrative student records from a large public university in California, we exploit idiosyncratic variation in the share of foreign peers across introductory math courses taught by the same professor over time. Results indicate that a 1 standard deviation increase in foreign peers reduces the likelihood native-born students graduate with STEM majors by 3 percentage points-equivalent to 3.7 native students displaced for 9 additional foreign students in an average course. STEM displacement is offset by an increased likelihood of choosing Social Science majors. However, the earnings prospects of displaced students are minimally affected as they appear to be choosing Social Science majors with equally high earning power. We demonstrate that comparative advantage and linguistic dissonance may operate as underlying mechanisms.

     
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    hdl: 10419/161905
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 6466
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Peers' composition effects in the short and in the long run
    college major, college performance and income
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    In this paper we use a newly constructed dataset following 30,000 Italian individuals from high school to labor market and we analyze whether the gender composition of peers in high school affected their choice of college major, their academic... mehr

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    In this paper we use a newly constructed dataset following 30,000 Italian individuals from high school to labor market and we analyze whether the gender composition of peers in high school affected their choice of college major, their academic performance and their labor market income. We leverage the fact that the composition of high school classmates (peers), within school-cohort and teacher-group, was not chosen by the students and it was as good as random. We find that male students graduating from classes with at least 80% of male peers were more likely to choose "prevalently male" (PM) college majors (Economics, Business and Engineering). However, this higher propensity to enroll in PM majors faded away during college (through transfers and attrition) so that men from classes with at least 80% of male peers in high school did not have higher probability of graduating in PM majors. They had instead worse college performance and did not exhibit any difference in income or labor market outcomes after college. We do not find significant effects on women.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/113999
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 9119
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (49 S.), graph. Darst.
  16. Does emigration delay political change?
    evidence from Italy during the Great Recession
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: June 2016
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 22350
    Schlagworte: Brain Drain; Auswanderung; Regionale Arbeitsmobilität; Regionalentwicklung; Politischer Wandel; Schätzung; Italien; Weltwirtschaftskrise; Finanzkrise; Welt
    Umfang: 76 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  17. The effects of high school peers' gender on college major, college performance and income
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: July 2016
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich

    Using an originally constructed dataset that follows 30,000 Italian individuals from high school to the labor market, we analyze whether the gender composition of peers in high school affected their choice of college major, their academic performance... mehr

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    Using an originally constructed dataset that follows 30,000 Italian individuals from high school to the labor market, we analyze whether the gender composition of peers in high school affected their choice of college major, their academic performance and their labor market income. We exploit the within-school, cohort-by-cohort variation in the gender composition of high school classmates (peers), after controlling for school and teachers fixed effects. We find that male students graduating from classes with a large majority of male peers were more likely to choose "prevalently male" (PM) college majors (Economics, Business and Engineering). However, this impact was partially undone during college through attrition, worse academic performance and change in major. And in the long run it did not produce any difference in income or labor market outcomes. We do not find significant effects of the high school class gender composition on women. Our results are consistent with the fact that individuals are affected by the choice/pressure of the network of friends and with the observation that network size responds to class gender composition more for men than for women.

     
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/145049
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 6014
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. We were the robots
    automation and voting behavior in Western Europe
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Colantone, Italo; Stanig, Piero
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology... mehr

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    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology scores from the Manifesto Project. We measure exposure to automation both at the regional level, based on the ex-ante industry specialization of each region, and at the individual level, based on individual characteristics and pre-sample employment patterns in the region of residence. We instrument robot adoption in each country using the pace of robot adoption in other countries. Higher exposure to robot adoption is found to increase support for nationalist and radical-right parties. Unveiling some potential transmission channels, higher robot exposure at the individual level leads to poorer perceived economic conditions and well-being, lower satisfaction with the government and democracy, and a reduction in perceived political self-efficacy.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/201984
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 7758 (July 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. We were the robots
    automation and voting behavior in Western Europe
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo; Colantone, Italo; Stanig, Piero
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    We investigate the impact of robot adoption on electoral outcomes in 14 Western European countries, between 1993 and 2016. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual-level voting data, combined with party ideology scores from the Manifesto Project. We measure exposure to automation both at the regional level, based on the ex-ante industry specialization of each region, and at the individual level, based on individual characteristics and pre-sample employment patterns in the region of residence. We instrument robot adoption in each country using the pace of robot adoption in other countries. Higher exposure to robot adoption is found to increase support for nationalist and radicalright parties. Unveiling some potential transmission channels, higher robot exposure at the individual level leads to poorer perceived economic conditions andwell-being, lower satisfaction with the government and democracy, and a reduction in perceived political self-efficacy.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/202831
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12485
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The returns to elite college education
    a quasi-experimental analysis
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich

    I take advantage of a sharp discontinuity in the probability of admission to an elite university at the admission score threshold, to estimate causal returns to college education quality. I use a newly constructed dataset, which combines individual... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    I take advantage of a sharp discontinuity in the probability of admission to an elite university at the admission score threshold, to estimate causal returns to college education quality. I use a newly constructed dataset, which combines individual administrative records about high school, college admission, college attendance and tax returns. Students with score just above the admission threshold have 52% higher yearly income with respect to just-below-threshold students. This premium is equivalent to a jump from the 44th percentile to the 74th percentile of the income distribution. The richness of the data allows me to explore the counterfactual college career of not admitted students and the potential mechanisms underlying the estimated income premium. I find that students with a just-above-threshold score are less likely to be college dropouts, take six fewer months to graduate, choose different majors and are more likely to have income in the top quartile of the distribution. Cumulated over fifteen years, the time span of income data for my sample, the net premium of attending the elite university amounts to around $120,000.

     
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/147330
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 6076
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The returns to elite college education
    a quasi-experimental analysis
    Autor*in: Anelli, Massimo
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    I take advantage of a sharp discontinuity in the probability of admission to an elite university at the admission score threshold, to estimate causal returns to college education quality. I use a newly constructed dataset, which combines individual... mehr

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4 (10192)
    Fernleihe:
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    I take advantage of a sharp discontinuity in the probability of admission to an elite university at the admission score threshold, to estimate causal returns to college education quality. I use a newly constructed dataset, which combines individual administrative records about high school, college admission, college attendance and tax returns. Students with score just above the admission threshold have 52% higher yearly income with respect to just-below-threshold students. This premium is equivalent to a jump from the 44th percentile to the 74th percentile of the income distribution. The richness of the data allows me to explore the counterfactual college career of not admitted students and the potential mechanisms underlying the estimated income premium. I find that students with a just-above-threshold score are less likely to be college dropouts, take six fewer months to graduate, choose different majors and are more likely to have income in the top quartile of the distribution. Cumulated over fifteen years, the time span of income data for my sample, the net premium of attending the elite university amounts to around $120,000.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/147878
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 10192
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen