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  1. How do women allocate their available time in Europe?
    differences with men
    Autor*in: Gimenez-Nadal, José Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This article explores the gender gap in time allocation in Europe, offering up-to-date statistics and information on several factors that may help to explain these differences. Prior research has identified several factors affecting the time... mehr

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    This article explores the gender gap in time allocation in Europe, offering up-to-date statistics and information on several factors that may help to explain these differences. Prior research has identified several factors affecting the time individuals devote to paid work, unpaid work, and child care, and the gender gaps in these activities, but most research refers to single countries, and general patterns are rarely explored. Cross-country evidence on gender gaps in paid work, unpaid work, and child care is offered, and explanations based on education, earnings, and household structure are presented, using data from the EUROSTAT and the Multinational Time Use Surveys. There are large cross-country differences in the gender gaps in paid work, unpaid work, and child care, which remain after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, although the gender gap in paid work dissipates when the differential gendered relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and paid work is taken into account. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of gender gaps in Europe, helping to focus recent debates on how to tackle inequality in Europe, and clarifying the factors that contribute to gender inequalities in the uses of time.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236891
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 908
    Schlagworte: Paid work; unpaid work; gender gap; European countries; earnings; household structure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Altruistic care for the elderly
    a gender perspective
    Autor*in: Minh Tam T. Bui; Vlaev, Ivo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  [Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research], [Bangkok]

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research ; no. 166 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: unpaid work; elder care; gender gaps; altruism; behavioral change; time use
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Patterns of time use among older people
    Autor*in: Ferranna, Maddalena; Sevilla, J. P.; Zucker, Leo; Bloom, David E.
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We analyze time use studies to describe how people allocate their time as they age, especially among paid work, unpaid work, leisure, and personal care. We emphasize differences in time allocation between older (i.e., those aged 65+) and younger... mehr

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    We analyze time use studies to describe how people allocate their time as they age, especially among paid work, unpaid work, leisure, and personal care. We emphasize differences in time allocation between older (i.e., those aged 65+) and younger people; between developed and developing countries; and by other demographic characteristics such as gender, marital status, health status, and educational attainment. We summarize related economic literature and crystallize a framework for thinking about key conceptual issues involving time allocation over the life cycle. We conclude by assessing the adequacy of global data resources in this area and by discussing some promising opportunities to fill salient gaps in the literature.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263443
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15227
    Schlagworte: time use; aging; demographics; paid work; unpaid work; leisure; personal care
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The gender gap in time allocation
    gender inequalities in daily time allocation may have detrimental effects on earnings and well-being
    Autor*in: Gimenez-Nadal, José Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Many countries experience gender differences, of various magnitudes, in the time devoted to paid work (e.g. market work time) and unpaid work (e.g. housework and childcare). Since household responsibilities influence the participation of women,... mehr

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    Many countries experience gender differences, of various magnitudes, in the time devoted to paid work (e.g. market work time) and unpaid work (e.g. housework and childcare). Since household responsibilities influence the participation of women, especially mothers, in the labor market, the unequal sharing of unpaid work, with women bearing the brunt of housework and childcare, is one of the main drivers of gender inequality in the labor market. Understanding the factors behind these gender inequalities is crucial for constructing policies aimed at promoting gender equality and combating gender-based discrimination.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274612
    Schriftenreihe: IZA world of labor ; 2022, 497
    Schlagworte: paid work; unpaid work; gender gap
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Segunda encuesta de las Naciones Unidas sobre juventudes de América Latina y el Caribe dentro del contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19
    informe de resultados
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Naciones Unidas, Santiago

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11362/48203
    Schriftenreihe: Publicación de las Naciones Unidas
    Covid-19 respuesta
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; youth; UN; surveys; viruses; epidemics; social aspects; economic aspects; medical aspects; youth employment; unpaid work; consumption; leisure; youth health; popular participation; future studies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Donations and unpaid activities
    Autor*in: Hübler, Olaf
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Donations and unpaid working are two important forms of non-market activities that are usually considered separately in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test hypotheses on determinants of giving to organizations. In... mehr

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    Donations and unpaid working are two important forms of non-market activities that are usually considered separately in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test hypotheses on determinants of giving to organizations. In particular, the importance of voluntary work for giving behavior is examined in comparison to other unpaid activities. In addition, the aim is to find out whether mutual dependencies exist and to what extent benefits, measured by satisfaction, can be derived from both forms. Estimates using data from the Socio-Economic Panel for the years 2019/2020 lead to the following results for Germany: - Personality traits and individual assessment, under which conditions a society is judged to be just, are important for donation behavior. These two aspects are widely neglected in the literature. - If honorary offices are exercised as a major activity, a clear positive donation effect is derived in contrast to a secondary activity. - Participation in citizens' initiatives shows a similar correlation. In contrast, unpaid overtime in professional life shows a negative link. - No effect can be discerned, based on an honorary office, for payments to unrelated individuals. - Donations to organizations and voluntary work show mutual dependencies. - Life satisfaction is increased both by donating and by doing voluntary work.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272769
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16142
    Schlagworte: citizens' initiative; donations; life satisfaction; personality traits; unpaid work; volunteering
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Gênero é o que importa
    determinantes do trabalho doméstico não remunerado no Brasil
    Autor*in: Pinheiro, Luana; Souza, Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de; Costa, Joana Simões; Barbosa, Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda
    Erschienen: setembro de 2023
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    We examine how position in the life course, time availability, relative resources within a family, and compensatory response (gender display) determined gender inequalities in reproductive work among Brazilian couples in 2019 using panel data from... mehr

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    We examine how position in the life course, time availability, relative resources within a family, and compensatory response (gender display) determined gender inequalities in reproductive work among Brazilian couples in 2019 using panel data from the Brazilian National Household Continuous Survey 2019 (PNAD Contínua 2019). We found that the position in the life course has a much stronger effect on women, with children extending the time spent in domestic labor - although this time decreases as the age of the children increases, the impact of children on women is twice that on men. Taking care of the elderly increases the reproductive workload of women but has no effect for men. In terms of time availability, the trade-off between paid and unpaid work is strong for women and very weak for men. Richer families use their income to acquire goods and services that reduce their domestic work, but the substitution effect is stronger among women. Within a couple, the ability to transform relatively higher financial resources into shorter working hours is determined by conventional gender values. Notably, we found that, even when women are the major income providers of the couples, they behave like traditional women in domestic work. Education is an equalizer of gender relations, but its effect is framed by gender roles and race. Traditional gender values are the most important factor determining reproductive work.

     
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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/285042
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2920
    Schlagworte: housework; household labor; domestic labor; unpaid work; care; sexual division of labor
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten)
  8. Who are the working women in Canada's top 1 %
    Autor*in: Richards, Elizabeth
    Erschienen: January 21, 2019
    Verlag:  Statistics Canada, [Ottawa]

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    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9780660292397
    Weitere Identifier:
    11F0019M-No. 414
    Schriftenreihe: Analytical Studies Branch research paper series ; no. 414
    Research paper / Statistics Canada
    Schlagworte: Women in the labour market; hours of work; unpaid work; high income; employment and unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen