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  1. Voices from the In-Between: The Poetry of Tawada Yôko
    Autor*in: Böhm, Jasmin; Regelsberger, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2021

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literaturen anderer Sprachen (890)
    Schlagworte: poetry; transition; transcultural; hybrid; multilingual
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  2. Are the supporters of socialism the losers of capitalism?
    conformism in East Germany and transition success
    Autor*in: Deter, Max; Lange, Martin
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The empirical literature is inconclusive about whether a country's democratization goes hand in hand with a reallocation of economic resources. With newly available individual-level data of former residents of the socialist German Democratic Republic... mehr

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    The empirical literature is inconclusive about whether a country's democratization goes hand in hand with a reallocation of economic resources. With newly available individual-level data of former residents of the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR), we analyse how supporters and opponents of the socialist system performed within the market-based democracy of West Germany after reunification. Protesters, those who helped to overthrow the socialist regime in the Peaceful Revolution show higher life satisfaction and better labor market outcomes in the new economic system. Former members of the ruling socialist party and employees in state-supervised sectors become substantially less satisfied. These results do not seem to be driven by individual reactions to the transition, but rather by the removal of discriminatory practices in the GDR. Additional results indicate that conformism in the GDR also explains political preferences over the almost three decades after the reunification of Germany.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9492 (2021)
    Schlagworte: East Germany; state socialism; transition; labor market; life satisfaction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Avoiding a trap and embracing the megatrends
    proposals for a new growth model in EU-CEE
    Autor*in: Grieveson, Richard; Bykova, Alexandra; Hanzl-Weiss, Doris; Hunya, Gábor; Korpar, Niko; Podkaminer, Leon; Stehrer, Robert; Stöllinger, Roman
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

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    Schriftenreihe: Research report / wiiw ; 458 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: EU-CEE; transition; convergence; functional specialisation; digitalisation; green transition; EU; demographics; FDI; industrial policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten)
  4. The political economy of Russian energy policy
    evolution and performance after market transition
    Autor*in: Yamawaki, Dai
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

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    Schriftenreihe: KIER discussion paper series ; no. 1066
    Schlagworte: Russian; energy policy; market; government; transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Parallel processes and divergent outcomes
    the transformation of the economies of former Socialist countries
    Autor*in: Chepurenko, Alexander; Szanyi, Miklós
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, IOS, Regensburg

    The paper deals with the problems of diverging developmental trajectories of former Socialist economies of the Central and South-Eastern European countries as well as of the former USSR republics. The purpose is exploring the developmental trends of... mehr

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    The paper deals with the problems of diverging developmental trajectories of former Socialist economies of the Central and South-Eastern European countries as well as of the former USSR republics. The purpose is exploring the developmental trends of three groups of economies - ECE, Balkans and some of the CIS - which started from seemingly same initial base, but later showed some specifics both regarding the socio-economic orders and the dynamics of internal developments. The paper argues that over the 30 years of post-Socialist development, these countries moved over certain periods of adaptation and mimicry (mostly importing or imitating institutions of the established market economies and democracies), the later stage of evaluating of the experience and developing of some hybrid socio-economic models, and the contemporary stage of what is called "dependent", or "periphery" capitalisms in ECE and Balkan countries vs. "backslide transition" in Russia and some other CIS countries. Thus, the outcomes of the systemic transition are shown as problematic, fragile and different. The paper refers these divergences to a set of differing preconditions as well as institutional traps which occurred during the systemic change itself, and shows both commonalities as well as specifics of post-Socialist socio-economic development also within each of the three sub-groups of countries. The paper bases on the desk research of the relevant literature and own investigations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243220
    Schriftenreihe: IOS working papers ; no. 393 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: transition; post-Socialist economies; Central and Eastern Europe; systemic comparison
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  6. Calling Baumol: what telephones can tell us about the allocation of entrepreneurial talent in the face of radical institutional changes
    Autor*in: Sorgner, Alina; Wyrwich, Michael
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The aim of this paper is to test a key aspect of Baumol's theory that the allocation of entrepreneurial efforts toward its productive (e.g., start-up activity) or unproductive (e.g., rent-seeking) use depends on institutional conditions. In contrast... mehr

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    The aim of this paper is to test a key aspect of Baumol's theory that the allocation of entrepreneurial efforts toward its productive (e.g., start-up activity) or unproductive (e.g., rent-seeking) use depends on institutional conditions. In contrast to previous research, we study a context where a radical and exogenous institutional change took place that dramatically changed the rewards and opportunities of running a firm. We analyze at the individual level who decides to start a venture in East Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. We find that a significant number of people that demonstrated a strong commitment to the anti-entrepreneurial socialist regime were active in launching new ventures soon after the fall of the Berlin Wall. This pattern cannot be explained by having elite status during the socialist regime. We argue that this commitment to socialism reflects rent-seeking, a type of unproductive entrepreneurship. Once institutions change radically, their entrepreneurial efforts are redirected towards productive entrepreneurship (start-up activity). Regime commitment is captured by information from the 1990 wave of the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) that includes information on whether East German respondents had a telephone during the socialist era, a typical reward for pronounced efforts for the socialist regime. We find that this group of people were more likely to have an entrepreneurship- prone personality profile, had a higher propensity of becoming selfemployed, and were more successful entrepreneurs. Our results confirm Baumol's theory in a setting that resembles the historical examples Baumol used to make his general argument.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236489
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14458
    Schlagworte: entrepreneurship; transition; institutional conditions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten)
  7. When opportunity knocks: confronting theory and empirics about dynamics of gender wage inequality
    Autor*in: Tyrowicz, Joanna; Van der Velde, Lucas
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We present empirical evidence that large structural shocks are followed by changes in labor market inequality. Specifically, we study short-run fluctuations in adjusted gender wage gaps (unequal pay for equal work) following episodes of structural... mehr

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    We present empirical evidence that large structural shocks are followed by changes in labor market inequality. Specifically, we study short-run fluctuations in adjusted gender wage gaps (unequal pay for equal work) following episodes of structural shocks in the labor markets, using several decades of individual data for a wide selection of transition countries. We find that for cohorts who entered the labor market after the onset of transition. Labor market shocks lead to significant declines in the gender wage gap. This decrease is driven mostly by episodes experienced among cohorts who enter the labor market during the transition. By contrast, we fail to find any significant relation for cohorts already active in the labor market at the time of transition. We provide plausible explanations based on sociological and economic theories of inequality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232779
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14027
    Schlagworte: gender wage gap; transition; non-parametric estimates; worker flows
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The rise of China's global middle class in international perspective
    Autor*in: Sicular, Terry; Yang, Xiuna; Gustafsson, Björn
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Defining the 'global middle class' as being neither poor nor rich in the developed world, we estimate the size of the global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China's expanding middle class in international perspective. China's... mehr

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    Defining the 'global middle class' as being neither poor nor rich in the developed world, we estimate the size of the global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China's expanding middle class in international perspective. China's global middle class has grown rapidly and has been catching up with that in developed countries. By 2018 China's global middle class constituted 25 percent of China's population; in absolute size it was nearly double the size of the global middle class in the US and similar in size to that in Europe. Cross-country analysis of the relationship between the middle-class population share versus GDP per capita reveals an inverted-U pattern. China is not an outlier from the cross-country pattern, but the speed with which its middle-class has expanded is unusual. The only other countries with similarly large, rapid expansions of the middle class are transition economies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245582
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14531
    Schlagworte: China; middle class; income distribution; transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The rise of China's global middle class in international perspective
    Autor*in: Sicular, Terry; Yang, Xiuna; Gustafsson, Björn
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl, Luxembourg

    Defining the ‘global middle class’ as being neither poor nor rich in the developed world, we estimate the size of the global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China’s expanding middle class in international perspective. China’s... mehr

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    Defining the ‘global middle class’ as being neither poor nor rich in the developed world, we estimate the size of the global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China’s expanding middle class in international perspective. China’s global middle class has grown rapidly and has been catching up with that in developed countries. By 2018 China’s global middle class constituted 25 percent of China’s population; in absolute size it was nearly double the size of the global middle class in the US and similar in size to that in Europe. Cross-country analysis of the relationship between the middle-class population share versus GDP per capita reveals an inverted-U pattern. China is not an outlier from the cross-country pattern, but the speed with which its middle-class has expanded is unusual. The only other countries with similarly large, rapid expansions of the middle class are transition economies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247247
    Schriftenreihe: LIS working paper series ; no. 813
    Schlagworte: China; middle class; income distribution; transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. La transition écologique
    incertitude, irréversibilité et modèle institutionnel
    Autor*in: Gaffard, Jean-Luc
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  OFCE, Paris, France

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    Schriftenreihe: Sciences Po OFCE working paper ; no 2021, 04
    Schlagworte: Development; ecology; growth; inequality; institution; irreversibility; rationality; time; transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Are the supporters of socialism the losers of capitalism?
    conformism in East Germany and transition success
    Autor*in: Deter, Max; Lange, Martin
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    The empirical literature is inconclusive about whether a country’s democratization has a long-lasting impact on former supporters or opponents of the bygone regime. With newly available individual-level data of former residents of the socialist... mehr

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    The empirical literature is inconclusive about whether a country’s democratization has a long-lasting impact on former supporters or opponents of the bygone regime. With newly available individual-level data of former residents of the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR), we analyze how supporters and opponents of the socialist system performed within the market-based democracy after reunification. Protesters, those who helped to overthrow the socialist regime in the Peaceful Revolution show higher life satisfaction and better labor market outcomes in the new politico-economic system. Former members of the ruling socialist party and employees in state-supervised sectors become substantially less satisfied. These results do not seem to be driven by differential reactions in the post-transition period, but rather by the removal of discriminatory practices in the GDR. Additional results indicate that conformism in the GDR also explains political preferences over the almost three decades after the reunification of Germany.

     
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    hdl: 10419/253392
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 22, 012 (04/2022)
    Schlagworte: East Germany; state socialism; transition; labor market; life satisfaction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Climate challenges: making the transition in Africa a success
    structural and political advantages, social and financial challenges
    Autor*in: Bellocq, François-Xavier; Duporge, François-Xavier; Gauthier, Mathilde; Laferrère, Annabelle; Reysset, Bertrand
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Éditions AFD, Paris, France

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    hdl: 11159/7261
    Schriftenreihe: Policy paper / Agence française de développement ; no. 9 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: Climate; Africa; transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Is the post-communist transition over?
    support for economic liberalization reforms is essential, but it grows stronger only where societies experience the effects of reversing these reforms
    Autor*in: Douarin, Elodie; Mickiewicz, Tomasz
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    An extensive program of economic liberalization reforms, even when it generates positive outcomes, does not automatically generate support for further reforms. Societies respond with strong support only after experiencing the effects of reversing... mehr

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    An extensive program of economic liberalization reforms, even when it generates positive outcomes, does not automatically generate support for further reforms. Societies respond with strong support only after experiencing the effects of reversing these reforms (i.e. corruption, inequality of opportunity). This point is illustrated through the example of the post-communist transformation in Eastern Europe and Central Asia-arguably a context where the end point of reforms was never clearly defined, and even successful reforms are now associated with a degree of reform suspicion.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260728
    Schriftenreihe: IZA world of labor ; 2022, 494
    Schlagworte: development; convergence; post-communist transformation; transition; reforms; EU
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Chad's crisis-prone transition
    dynastic consolidation and its risks
    Autor*in: Lacher, Wolfram
    Erschienen: [November 2022]
    Verlag:  SWP, Berlin

    Since President Idris Deby’s violent death in April 2021, the ruling elite in Chad have sought to protect their hold on power by promoting the dynastic succession of his son Mahamat. The risks of this strategy are becoming clearer with the October... mehr

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    Since President Idris Deby’s violent death in April 2021, the ruling elite in Chad have sought to protect their hold on power by promoting the dynastic succession of his son Mahamat. The risks of this strategy are becoming clearer with the October 2022 decision to prolong the transition by another two years as Mahamat Deby is appointed interim president. With the emergence of new opposition forces, the tactic of divid­ing antagonistic elites through selective co-optation faces limits. Both in the capital and in the provinces, power struggles are fuelling identity-based mobilisation. The regime’s repression of the opposition plays into the hands of the proponents of armed struggle. France, as the guarantor of Mahamat Deby’s superior position vis-à-vis the rebels, is playing an increasingly unpopular role.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266590
    Schriftenreihe: SWP comment ; 2022, no. 67 (November 2022)
    Schlagworte: Staatsoberhaupt; Nachfolge; Mitarbeiter; Dynastie; Implikation; Politisches System; Politischer Wandel; Konflikt; Politischer Konflikt; Innenpolitik; Machtkampf; Miliz; Opposition; Politische Mobilisierung; Elite; Chad; transition; Idris Deby; Mahamat Deby; Emmanuel Macron; European Union (EU); African Union (AU); National Dialogue; Front pour l'Alternance et la Concorde au Tchad (FACT); Conseil de Commandement Militaire pour le Salut de la République (CCMSR)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (5 Seiten)
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    "Updated English version of SWP-Aktuell 71/2022"
  15. Decarbonising cities: assessing governance approaches for transformative change
    Autor*in: Roll, Michael; Haldenwang, Christian von; Grohmann, Christina; Gronen, Maria Elisabeth; Laible, Anne; Orth, Johanna; Wengel, Florian; Zumegen, Lisa
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    While cities are important emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), they are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; at the same time they constitute innovation hubs for climate action. For cities to fulfil their potential for global climate... mehr

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    While cities are important emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), they are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; at the same time they constitute innovation hubs for climate action. For cities to fulfil their potential for global climate action, a thorough understanding of the governance of transformative change towards the decarbonisation of cities is necessary. This study asks: Which governance approaches facilitate successful transformative change towards zero carbon in cities? It specifically addresses the three key aspects stakeholder involvement, financing, and impact assessment, and looks at how they contribute to transformative change - particularly to the dimensions CO2 reduction, the dynamics of transformation, and acceptance by citizens. The empirical analysis is based on a mixed methods approach. An international survey involving city government officials of cities that are proactive in the fight against climate change was conducted in order to obtain an overview of socio-ecological transformation paths. In addition to this macro-level approach, in-depth case studies of three cities that are widely regarded as proactive on climate action in their respective world regions - Bonn, Quito and Cape Town - provide complementary insights. The survey data show a generally positive tendency in the way local governments approach GHG emission reduction activities. Most of the participating cities engage in the mainstreaming of policies to address climate change in local decision-making and have established climate action plans and emission reduction targets; however, on actual climate action and the reduction of emissions, the picture is more mixed. While stakeholder involvement is generally considered a key success factor in the survey responses and in the three case-study cities, stakeholders were seldom involved in a truly inclusive and cooperative way. While Bonn has gradually expanded citizen engagement, in Quito relations between the local government and stakeholder groups have often been short-term and project-bound, while a close connection between city government and academic institutions has been established in Cape Town. In terms of finance, cities mostly rely on traditional financing sources such as intergovernmental transfers, local taxes and fees, as well as international grants to cities of the Global South. Additional funding through the generation of local revenues or market-based finance mechanisms is less widespread. Both Quito and Cape Town depend heavily on external funding from international organisations and donors, along with central government transfers, which are less relevant in Bonn. While building the metro is absorbing finances for additional climate action in Quito, perverse incentives exist in South Africa where cities receive revenues from re-selling fossil fuel-based energy to consumers. Bonn has recently started to experiment with a sustainability budget to align budgeting with sustainability and climate goals. As far as impact assessment is concerned, most cities in the survey including the three case-study cities collect relevant data. However, systematic impact assessment or the incorporation of lessons learned from monitoring and evaluation into policy occur less frequently. Despite its limitations, this study contributes to the theoretical and empirical discussions in the field of transformative urban governance by suggesting a conceptual framework for dimensions of success for transformative change, by combining survey and case study-based data, and by looking at finances and impact assessment which are two important governance dimensions that are not frequently investigated.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IDOS studies ; 107
    Schlagworte: Stadt; Großstadt; Stadtentwicklung; Umweltschutz; Umweltpolitik; Klimaschutz; Cities; urban; governance; transformation; sustainability; decarbonisation; climate; greenhouse gas; participation; evidence; transition; financing; impact assessment
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  16. The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the green energy transition – A capital market perspective
    Autor*in: Nerlinger, Martin; Utz, Sebastian
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    We investigate whether the Russia-Ukraine conflict has affected investors' assessment concerning a green energy transition. Based on a global energy sector sample, we apply an event study around the invasion on February 24, 2022. We find that energy... mehr

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    We investigate whether the Russia-Ukraine conflict has affected investors' assessment concerning a green energy transition. Based on a global energy sector sample, we apply an event study around the invasion on February 24, 2022. We find that energy firms' CAAR are positive around the event. Renewable energy firms generated comparably low abnormal returns than coal, oil and gas, and uranium. This pattern prevails except in North America, where they show the second-highest CAAR in 41 days around the event. Therefore, the Russia-Ukraine conflict appears not to entirely change the investors' assessment of a possible acceleration of a green energy transition

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper ; No. 22-49
    Schlagworte: Russia-Ukraine conflict; energy; transition; event study; climate change
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    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments May 8, 2022 erstellt
  17. OIES paper
    21 / The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, SP
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, [Oxford]

    In this latest edition of our Key Themes series we examine a number of topics which we believe will be highly relevant to the global energy economy in 2023. The past twelve months have seen a huge re-prioritisation of energy policy away from... mehr

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    In this latest edition of our Key Themes series we examine a number of topics which we believe will be highly relevant to the global energy economy in 2023. The past twelve months have seen a huge re-prioritisation of energy policy away from environmental issues and towards energy security and affordability. Many of the articles in this document question whether this will be a long-term trend or whether sustainability will return to the top of the policymaking agenda once the short-term need to focus on security of supply has passed. Indeed, many of our contributors argue that the short-term rebalancing of the energy trilemma towards energy security may even bring environmental benefits in the longer term given the desire of many countries to reduce their exposure to hydrocarbons in the aftermath of the war in Ukraine and its energy-related consequences.To help in assessing these questions and providing some initial responses we have grouped the articles in this Key Themes paper as follows. We start within an assessment of, and outlook for, the global oil market, before continuing with a series of articles on the European gas market. Moving to a more global perspective we then review the availability of LNG to meet European demand and what this might mean for other importing regions before assessing the impact of the re-opening of the Chinese economy, the energy implications of India taking over the G20 presidency, and the development of Africa’s hydrocarbon strategy as part of the energy transition. From an environmental perspective, we look at the issues that will likely be raised in the Global Stocktake which will take place in 2023 ahead of COP28 and also consider the critical financing issues that emerged from COP27 and need to be addressed during this year. We then review carbon markets and carbon removal technologies and the issue of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions in the energy value chain. We return to look at China, which has also pledged to issue a methane action plan this year but a rapid rebound in energy demand could delay climate action and lead policy makers to focus on avoiding power shortages. Moving to the electricity sector, we discuss why 2023 will be an important year for electricity market design in Europe and consider the resurgence of nuclear power across the world. Finally, we discuss the impact of the US’s Inflation Reduction Act on the development of hydrogen technology and ask whether it undermines activity elsewhere in the world. This list of themes is long but it is clearly not exhaustive. However, it highlights many of the topics which we will be researching at OIES during 2023 and we would encourage you to access our written output at www.oxfordenergy.org.

     
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    ISBN: 9781784672157
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    hdl: 10419/270533
    Übergeordneter Titel: OIES paper - Alle Bände anzeigen
    Schriftenreihe: Key themes for the global energy economy in ... ; 2023
    Schlagworte: Carbon; economy; energy; Finance; Gas; Hydrogen; Oil; Renewables; transition; trilemma
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Labour market transitions in the time of Covid-19 in Brazil
    a panel data analysis
    Autor*in: Bouvier, Mathilde; Razafindrakoto, Mireille; Roubaud, François; Teixeira, Roberta
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  UMR LEDa, Paris

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    Schriftenreihe: Document de travail / UMR LEDa ; DT/2022, 02
    Schlagworte: Brazil; Covid-19; labour market; transition; panel data; inequalities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Voting up?
    the effects of democracy and franchise extension on human stature
    Autor*in: Batinti, Alberto; Costa-Font, Joan; Hatton, Timothy J.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  The Australian National University, Acton ACT, Australia

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic History, The Australian National University ; no. 2020, 04 (April 2020)
    Schlagworte: height; democracy; transition; voting rights expansions; franchise; inequality; political contestation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Industrial policy for a new growth model
    a toolbox for EU-CEE countries
    Autor*in: Zavarská, Zuzana; Bykova, Alexandra; Grieveson, Richard; Hanzl-Weiss, Doris; Sankot, Ondřej
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    The EU member states of Central Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have experienced rapid convergence in the decades following their EU accession, and have built up strong export-oriented manufacturing sectors boosted by foreign direct investment inflows. While... mehr

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    The EU member states of Central Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have experienced rapid convergence in the decades following their EU accession, and have built up strong export-oriented manufacturing sectors boosted by foreign direct investment inflows. While this growth model has brought many positives, there are indications that it is hitting its limits. Endogenous limits to EU-CEE's growth model are exacerbated by exogenous challenges of the 'twin' (green and digital) transitions, and the fallout of the pandemic and Russian invasion of Ukraine. This reinforces the imperative for EU-CEE to transition to a more innovation-driven, new growth model, enabled by a comprehensive industrial policy. However, the EU-CEE countries have not only lacked a stable and strategic approach to industrial policy in their development paths, but also find themselves in a unique position due to EU membership. As a result, innovation and industrial policies are underdeveloped in the region. Based on an in-depth analysis of the industrial landscape and the industrial policy environment of the region, we propose eight pillars for creating a EU-CEE version of the entrepreneurial state.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Research report / wiiw ; 469 (July 2023)
    Schlagworte: industrial policy; EU-CEE; convergence; transition; green; digital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 148 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Successful transitions from public to private-sector led growth
    lessons for Benin
    Autor*in: Diallo, Aissatou
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, like Benin, have scaled up public investment during the last decade. Such a strategy contributed to the improvement of infrastructure, but also to a build-up of debt vulnerabilities. Looking forward, the... mehr

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    Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, like Benin, have scaled up public investment during the last decade. Such a strategy contributed to the improvement of infrastructure, but also to a build-up of debt vulnerabilities. Looking forward, the planned fiscal consolidation will result in some restraint of public spending, and, in particular, public investment. In this context, maintaining or even raising the region's economic growth will require an offset by the private sector. The analysis draws lessons from countries that have successfully transitioned from public investment to private investment-led growth using a global sample starting in the mid-1980s. These lessons highlight policies that have been crucial in fostering a rebound of private investment in the wake of a contraction of public investment. The analytical framework proposed by Hausman, Rodrik and Velasco (2005) is used to identify and classify such policies. Finally, the paper analyses how the identified policies could help Benin achieving a smooth transition from public to private sector-led growth

     
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  22. Structural change in coal regions as a process of economic and social-ecological transition
    lessons learnt from structural change processes in Germany
    Autor*in: Reitzenstein, Alexander; Popp, Rebekka; Oei, Pao-Yu; Brauers, Hanna; Stognief, Nora; Kemfert, Claudia; Kurwan, Jenny; Wehnert, Timon
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    Effective policies to mitigate climate change need to be accompanied by a socially just transition. This is especially relevant for coal regions. This paper draws on the experiences of past and ongoing transition policies, exploring their... mehr

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    Effective policies to mitigate climate change need to be accompanied by a socially just transition. This is especially relevant for coal regions. This paper draws on the experiences of past and ongoing transition policies, exploring their effectiveness and transferability. The challenges of structural change in coal regions are complex and region-specific, spanning from technical aspects over political and economic to social and cultural aspects. To facilitate the exchange of experiences, a typology is suggested and applied to five coal regions in Germany, Romania, Poland and the Czech Republic. It characterises regions according to the type of coal mined, population density, economic prosperity, existence of national coal phase-out policies, advancement of regional transition strategies and the anticipated speed of transition. Insights are mainly derived from two different structural change processes in Germany. The hard coal mining phase-out in the Ruhr area that started in the 1950s and has recently been completed is compared with the more recent lignite mining phase-down in Lusatia. A new approach can be observed: As climate change has become a major driver of structural change, time frames for structural policies have become significantly shorter, and such policies are being shaped by more proactive engagement. Lessons learnt include the need for proactive and forward-looking structural policies and the importance of timing. Regions should set realistic expectations on structural policy and develop strategies that account for their individual situation whilst learning from past experiences in other regions. Uncertainties should be communicated in a transparent manner. Diversification of the economy is needed to avoid lock-in effects. Stakeholder participation, just transition strategies as well as multi-layered and multi-faceted governance approaches are key aspects as well. With the European Green Deal, a strategy is highlighted that can facilitate a just transition in coal regions in the future. Eine wirksame Klimaschutzpolitik muss von einer sogenannten „Just Transition“, einem sozial gerechten Strukturwandel hin zur Klimaneutralität, begleitet werden. Dies ist insbesondere für Kohleregionen relevant. Diese Publikation stützt sich auf die Erfahrungen vergangener und laufender Politiken zur Gestaltung von Strukturwandel und untersucht deren Wirksamkeit und Übertragbarkeit. Die Herausforderungen des Strukturwandels in Kohleregionen sind komplex und regionsspezifisch und reichen von technischen Aspekten über politische und wirtschaftliche bis hin zu sozialen und kulturellen Aspekten. Für den Erfahrungsaustausch wird eine Typologie vorgeschlagen und auf fünf Kohleregionen in Deutschland, Rumänien, Polen und Tschechien angewendet. Sie charakterisiert die Regionen nach der Art der Kohle, der Bevölkerungsdichte, dem wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand, dem Vorliegen nationaler Politiken für einen Kohleausstieg, den Fortschritten bei der Entwicklung von Strategien für einen regionalen Strukturwandel und der erwarteten Geschwindigkeit des Strukturwandels. Die Erkenntnisse basieren vor allem auf Strukturwandelprozessen in zwei Kohleregionen in Deutschland. Der in den 1950er Jahren begonnene und kürzlich abgeschlossene Steinkohleausstieg im Ruhrgebiet wird mit dem Braunkohleausstieg in der Lausitz verglichen. Neu ist, dass der Klimawandel zu einem wesentlichen Treiber des Strukturwandels geworden ist, dass die Zeit für Strukturpolitiken deutlich kürzer ist und dass ein proaktiveres Engagement vieler Akteure zu beobachten ist. Zu den Lernerfahrungen unserer Analyse gehören die Notwendigkeit einer proaktiven und vorausschauenden Strukturpolitik und eine gute zeitliche Planung. Die Regionen sollten realistische Erwartungen an die Strukturpolitik stellen und Strategien entwickeln, die zu ihrer individuellen Situation passen und zudem Lehren aus den Erfahrungen anderer Regionen ziehen. Unsicherheiten sollten transparent kommuniziert werden. Eine Diversifizierung der Wirtschaft ist notwendig, um Lock-In-Effekte zu vermeiden. Die Beteiligung von Stakeholdern, Strategien für einen sozial gerechten Strukturwandel sowie vielschichtige und facettenreiche Steuerungsansätze sind ebenfalls wichtige Aspekte. Mit dem European Green Deal wird auf eine Strategie hingewiesen, die zukünftig einen sozial gerechten Strukturwandel in Kohleregionen unterstützen kann.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    Project No. (FKZ) 3716 41 113 0
    Report No. FB000720/ENG
    Schriftenreihe: Climate change / Umweltbundesamt ; 2021, 33
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection
    Schlagworte: structural change; structural policy; transition; Lusatia; Ruhr area; coal; coal region; climate; energy
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    Study completed in: November 2021

    Project: Structural change in coal regions as a process of economic and social-ecological transformation – Scope for action for a just transition in light of climate policy objectives
  23. Digitalisation and productivity
    gamechanger or sideshow?
    Autor*in: Anderton, Bob; Botelho, Vasco; Reimers, Paul
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  OFCE, Paris, France

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    Schriftenreihe: Sciences Po OFCE working paper ; no 2023, 06
    Schlagworte: Digital technology; transition; productivity growth; technology adoption; diffusion
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  24. Decarbonising cities: assessing governance approaches for transformative change
    Autor*in: Roll, Michael; Haldenwang, Christian von; Grohmann, Christina; Gronen, Maria Elisabeth; Laible, Anne; Orth, Johanna; Wengel, Florian; Zumegen, Lisa
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    While cities are important emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), they are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; at the same time they constitute innovation hubs for climate action. For cities to fulfil their potential for global climate... mehr

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    While cities are important emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), they are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; at the same time they constitute innovation hubs for climate action. For cities to fulfil their potential for global climate action, a thorough understanding of the governance of transformative change towards the decarbonisation of cities is necessary. This study asks: Which governance approaches facilitate successful transformative change towards zero carbon in cities? It specifically addresses the three key aspects stakeholder involvement, financing, and impact assessment, and looks at how they contribute to transformative change - particularly to the dimensions CO2 reduction, the dynamics of transformation, and acceptance by citizens. The empirical analysis is based on a mixed methods approach. An international survey involving city government officials of cities that are proactive in the fight against climate change was conducted in order to obtain an overview of socio-ecological transformation paths. In addition to this macro-level approach, in-depth case studies of three cities that are widely regarded as proactive on climate action in their respective world regions - Bonn, Quito and Cape Town - provide complementary insights. The survey data show a generally positive tendency in the way local governments approach GHG emission reduction activities. Most of the participating cities engage in the mainstreaming of policies to address climate change in local decision-making and have established climate action plans and emission reduction targets; however, on actual climate action and the reduction of emissions, the picture is more mixed. While stakeholder involvement is generally considered a key success factor in the survey responses and in the three case-study cities, stakeholders were seldom involved in a truly inclusive and cooperative way. While Bonn has gradually expanded citizen engagement, in Quito relations between the local government and stakeholder groups have often been short-term and project-bound, while a close connection between city government and academic institutions has been established in Cape Town. In terms of finance, cities mostly rely on traditional financing sources such as intergovernmental transfers, local taxes and fees, as well as international grants to cities of the Global South. Additional funding through the generation of local revenues or market-based finance mechanisms is less widespread. Both Quito and Cape Town depend heavily on external funding from international organisations and donors, along with central government transfers, which are less relevant in Bonn. While building the metro is absorbing finances for additional climate action in Quito, perverse incentives exist in South Africa where cities receive revenues from re-selling fossil fuel-based energy to consumers. Bonn has recently started to experiment with a sustainability budget to align budgeting with sustainability and climate goals. As far as impact assessment is concerned, most cities in the survey including the three case-study cities collect relevant data. However, systematic impact assessment or the incorporation of lessons learned from monitoring and evaluation into policy occur less frequently. Despite its limitations, this study contributes to the theoretical and empirical discussions in the field of transformative urban governance by suggesting a conceptual framework for dimensions of success for transformative change, by combining survey and case study-based data, and by looking at finances and impact assessment which are two important governance dimensions that are not frequently investigated.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266406
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS studies ; 107
    Schlagworte: Stadt; Großstadt; Stadtentwicklung; Umweltschutz; Umweltpolitik; Klimaschutz; Cities; urban; governance; transformation; sustainability; decarbonisation; climate; greenhouse gas; participation; evidence; transition; financing; impact assessment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 111 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  25. Successful transitions from public to private-sector led growth
    lessons for Benin
    Autor*in: Diallo, Aissatou
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, like Benin, have scaled up public investment during the last decade. Such a strategy contributed to the improvement of infrastructure, but also to a build-up of debt vulnerabilities. Looking forward, the... mehr

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    Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, like Benin, have scaled up public investment during the last decade. Such a strategy contributed to the improvement of infrastructure, but also to a build-up of debt vulnerabilities. Looking forward, the planned fiscal consolidation will result in some restraint of public spending, and, in particular, public investment. In this context, maintaining or even raising the region's economic growth will require an offset by the private sector. The analysis draws lessons from countries that have successfully transitioned from public investment to private investment-led growth using a global sample starting in the mid-1980s. These lessons highlight policies that have been crucial in fostering a rebound of private investment in the wake of a contraction of public investment. The analytical framework proposed by Hausman, Rodrik and Velasco (2005) is used to identify and classify such policies. Finally, the paper analyses how the identified policies could help Benin achieving a smooth transition from public to private sector-led growth

     
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