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  1. Performing without pressure?
    the effect of ghost games on effort- and skill-based tasks in the football Bundesliga
    Autor*in: Bühren, Christoph; Jung, Dominic
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg

    We analyze the natural experiment of ghost games in the 2019/2020 season of the German football Bundesliga and confirm previous studies showing that the home advantage diminishes if the stadium is empty. However, our paper is the first that... mehr

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    We analyze the natural experiment of ghost games in the 2019/2020 season of the German football Bundesliga and confirm previous studies showing that the home advantage diminishes if the stadium is empty. However, our paper is the first that distinguishes between effort- and skill-based tasks in this setting. In line with behavioral economics, we observe that a supportive audience has a positive effect on effort-based performance but a negative effect on some offensive skill-based performance measures.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266025
    Schriftenreihe: Joint discussion paper series in economics ; no. 2022, 27
    Schlagworte: Ghost games; home advantage; effort vs; skill; Covid-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The fiscal effect of immigration
    reducing bias in influential estimates
    Autor*in: Clemens, Michael A.
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Immigration policy can have important net fiscal effects that vary by immigrants' skill level. But mainstream methods to estimate these effects are problematic. Methods based on cashflow accounting offer precision at the cost of bias; methods based... mehr

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    Immigration policy can have important net fiscal effects that vary by immigrants' skill level. But mainstream methods to estimate these effects are problematic. Methods based on cashflow accounting offer precision at the cost of bias; methods based on general equilibrium modeling address bias with limited precision and transparency. A simple adjustment greatly reduces bias in the most influential and precise estimates: conservatively accounting for capital taxes paid by the employers of immigrant labor. The adjustment is required by firms' profit-maximizing behavior, unconnected to general equilibrium effects. Adjusted estimates of the positive net fiscal impact of average recent U.S. immigrants rise by a factor of 3.2, with a much shallower education gradient. They are positive even for an average recent immigrant with less than high school education, whose presence causes a present-value subsidy of at least $128,000 to all other taxpayers collectively.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    hdl: 10419/265813
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15592
    Schlagworte: Einwanderung; Arbeitsmigranten; Wirkungsanalyse; Steuereinnahmen; Schätzung; USA; immigration; fiscal; tax; revenue; budget; deficit; surplus; capital; cost; benefit; dividend; subsidy; burden; social security; welfare; outlays; balance; foreign; skill; government; public
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The effect of low-skill immigration restrictions on US firms and workers
    evidence from a randomized lottery
    Autor*in: Clemens, Michael A.; Lewis, Ethan
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The U.S. limits work visas for low-skill jobs outside of agriculture, with a binding quota that firms access via a randomized lottery. We evaluate the marginal impact of the quota on firms entering the 2021 H-2B visa lottery using a novel survey and... mehr

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    The U.S. limits work visas for low-skill jobs outside of agriculture, with a binding quota that firms access via a randomized lottery. We evaluate the marginal impact of the quota on firms entering the 2021 H-2B visa lottery using a novel survey and pre-analysis plan. Firms exogenously authorized to employ more immigrants significantly increase production (elasticity +0.16) with no decrease or an increase in U.S. employment (elasticity +0.10, statistically imprecise) across several pre-registered subsamples. The results imply very low substitutability of native for foreign labor in the policy-relevant occupations. Forensic analysis suggests similarly low substitutability of black-market labor.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267404
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15667
    Schlagworte: immigration; immigrant; foreign; labor; mobility; skill; manual; high school; college; firms; elasticity; substitution; productivity; rural; urban
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 91 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. AI, skill, and productivity
    the case of taxi drivers
    Autor*in: Kanazawa, Kyogo; Kawaguchi, Daiji; Shigeoka, Hitoshi; Watanabe, Yasutora
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the impact of Articial Intelligence (AI) on productivity in the context of taxi drivers. The AI we study assists drivers with finding customers by suggesting routes along which the demand is predicted to be high. We find that AI improves... mehr

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    We examine the impact of Articial Intelligence (AI) on productivity in the context of taxi drivers. The AI we study assists drivers with finding customers by suggesting routes along which the demand is predicted to be high. We find that AI improves drivers' productivity by shortening the cruising time, and such gain is accrued only to low-skilled drivers, narrowing the productivity gap between high- and low-skilled drivers by 14%. The result indicates that AI's impact on human labor is more nuanced and complex than a job displacement story, which was the primary focus of existing studies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267414
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15677
    Schlagworte: artificial intelligence; skill; productivity; taxi-drivers; prediction; demand forecasting; machine learning
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Selection with variation in diagnostics skill
    evidence from radiologists
    Autor*in: Chan, David C.; Gentzkow, Matthew Aaron; Yu, Chuan
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  SIEPR Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / SIEPR Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research ; no. 21, 057 (September, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Krankheit; Ärzte; Qualifikation; Schätzung; selection; skill; diagnosis; judges design; monotonicity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 113 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Closed-end funds and discount control mechanisms
    Autor*in: Kräussl, Roman; Pollet, Joshua M.; Stefanova, Denitsa
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Center for Financial Studies, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The discount control mechanisms that closed-end funds often choose to adopt before IPO are supposedly implemented to narrow the difference between share price and net asset value, We find evidence that non-discretionary discount control mechanisms... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The discount control mechanisms that closed-end funds often choose to adopt before IPO are supposedly implemented to narrow the difference between share price and net asset value, We find evidence that non-discretionary discount control mechanisms such as mandatory continuation votes serve as costly signals of information to reveal higher fund quality to investors, Rents of the skill signaled through the announcement of such policies accrue to managers rather than investors as differences in skill are revealed through growing assets under management rather than risk-adjusted performance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/270846
    Schriftenreihe: CFS working paper series ; no. 707
    Schlagworte: Closed-end funds; discount; performance; skill; signaling; information asymmetry; repurchases; continuation vote
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  7. Housing demolition and occupational mobility
    evidence from China
    Autor*in: Wang, Chuhong; Wang, Yonghua; Liu, Xingfei; Zhong, Jiatong
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We identify the causal impact of housing demolition on employment and occupational mobility of working-age individuals in China. We exploit housing demolition events as a quasi-natural experiment and apply a two-way fixed effects approach to overcome... mehr

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    We identify the causal impact of housing demolition on employment and occupational mobility of working-age individuals in China. We exploit housing demolition events as a quasi-natural experiment and apply a two-way fixed effects approach to overcome the potential endogeneity problem. Using data from the CHFS, we find that on the extensive margin, housing demolition creates skill waste by making individuals less likely to work; while on the intensive margin, housing demolition leads to occupational upward mobility, especially among low-skilled workers. We do not find any empirical evidence that housing demolition influences internal migration flow or migrant workers' occupational mobility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272377
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15750
    Schlagworte: housing demolition; occupational mobility; skill; migrant; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The sacred and sacrality
    from Eliade to evolutionary ethology
    Autor*in: Rennie, Bryan S.
    Erschienen: [2017]

    Eliade’s sacred seems to refer to an autonomous entity but close inspection indicates a response to experiences to which we attribute sacrality. This allows the postulation of a natural ‘sacred’ that can be defined, and become the basis for an... mehr

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    Index theologicus der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen
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    Eliade’s sacred seems to refer to an autonomous entity but close inspection indicates a response to experiences to which we attribute sacrality. This allows the postulation of a natural ‘sacred’ that can be defined, and become the basis for an empirical definition of religion. Such ascriptions are commonly associated with art objects, from narratives and texts to dramas and architecture. Consideration of anthropology and ethology of art reveals a relationship between skill and the sacred, which clarifies the origin and function of 'sacrality' as a cognitive experience characteristic of, but not exclusive to, religious behaviour. The same trait is operative in other behaviours, such as art and sport, but it is less restricted in art and less comprehensive sport. Nonetheless, art and sport (and other secular behaviours) do have an affinity with religious behaviour. They are consanguineous with religion - descendants of a common ancestor.

     
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    Übergeordneter Titel: Enthalten in: Religion; Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 1971; 47(2017), 4, Seite 663-687

    Schlagworte: art; ascription; behaviour; cognition; definition; Eliade; Sacred; skill
  9. Skill differences and wage-effort relationship
    who are more exploited, high-skilled or low-skilled workers?
    Autor*in: Park, Hyun Woong; Rieu, Dong-min
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst

    Who are more exploited, high-skilled or low-skilled workers? We address this question using the efficiency wage model with skill differentials incorporated. We perform simulations to find the Nash equilibrium numerically, and our central results are... mehr

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    Who are more exploited, high-skilled or low-skilled workers? We address this question using the efficiency wage model with skill differentials incorporated. We perform simulations to find the Nash equilibrium numerically, and our central results are the following. First, higher-skilled workers are offered higher wages but exert less effort, and in particular the skill-wage relationship matches the observed data on wage inequality of the U.S. Second, we employ two measures of the degree of exploitation. On the one hand, the ratio between effort and wage the higher-skilled workers experience is lower than that of lower-skilled workers. This is due to their higher fallback positions which provide them with stronger negotiation power vis-á-vis their employers. On the other hand, in terms of the effort-wage ratio adjusted by skill, it is higher for higher-skilled workers when the range of skill is from zero to around 80th percentile but the ratio falls precipitously as skill increases. The workers with the highest level of skill experience zero degree of exploitation in terms of both measures.

     
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    hdl: 10419/283964
    Schriftenreihe: Economics Department working paper series ; 2023, 9
    Schlagworte: Exploitation; efficiency wage model; skill; effort
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. When good advice is ignored
    the role of envy and stubbornness
    Autor*in: Ronayne, David; Sgroi, Daniel
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Economics discussion papers / Nuffield College, University of Oxford ; 2018-W01
    Schlagworte: advice; skill; remuneration; envy; sunk cost fallacy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen