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  1. Is generosity time-inconsistent?
    present bias across individual and social context
    Autor*in: Kölle, Felix; Wenner, Lukas
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    We investigate dynamically inconsistent time preferences across contexts with and without interpersonal trade-offs. In a longitudinal experiment participants make a series of intertemporal allocation decisions of real-effort tasks between themselves... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 711
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    We investigate dynamically inconsistent time preferences across contexts with and without interpersonal trade-offs. In a longitudinal experiment participants make a series of intertemporal allocation decisions of real-effort tasks between themselves and another person. Our results reveal that agents are present-biased when making choices that only affect themselves but not when choosing for others. Despite this asymmetry, we find no evidence for time-inconsistent generosity, i.e., when choices involve trade-offs between own and other’s consumption. Structural estimations reveal no individual-level correlation of present bias across contexts. Discounting in social situations thus seems to be conceptually different from discounting in individual situations.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237322
    Schriftenreihe: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 077
    Schlagworte: Present bias; altruism; stability; real effort; dictator game; intertemporal choice
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Perceived fairness and consequences of affirmative action policies
    Autor*in: Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah; Schwarz, Marco; Trieu, Chi; Willrodt, Jana
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. Accordingly, we document substantial heterogeneity in the fairness perception of various affirmative action policies. But do these differences translate into different consequences? In a... mehr

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    DS 63
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    Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. Accordingly, we document substantial heterogeneity in the fairness perception of various affirmative action policies. But do these differences translate into different consequences? In a laboratory experiment, we study three different quota rules in tournaments that favor individuals whose performance is low, either due to discrimination, low productivity, or choice of a short working time. Affirmative action favoring discriminated individuals is perceived as fairest, followed by that targeting individuals with a short working time, while favoring low productivity individuals is not perceived as fairer than an absence of affirmative action. Higher fairness perceptions coincide with a higher willingness to compete and less retaliation against winners, underlining that fairness perceptions matter for the consequences of affirmative action. No policy harms overall productivity or post-competition teamwork, but affirmative action may reduce the average output of tournament winners.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/271842
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10198 (2022)
    Schlagworte: affirmative action; fairness ideals; experiment; tournament; real effort
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. A real effort vs. standard public goods experiment
    overall more all-or-nothing, lower average contributions and men become more selfish in the effort-loss frame
    Autor*in: Schütze, Tobias; Wichardt, Philipp C.
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Many environment related public goods require investment of time or effort rather than simply money. Yet, most experimental studies on public good games focus on a distribution of money. In the present paper, we report results from an experiment... mehr

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    DS 63
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    Many environment related public goods require investment of time or effort rather than simply money. Yet, most experimental studies on public good games focus on a distribution of money. In the present paper, we report results from an experiment (N=181) comparing an effort based public goods game (both in gain/loss frame) to a standard (gain/loss) public goods game. We find lower average contributions and more free-riders in the effort treatments. These differences are highly significant statistically and in terms of effects size; the most notable effect showing for men in the loss frame (comparing standard vs. effort, contributions drop from 76.7% to 17.0%, free-riders increase from 8.3% to 82.6%, full-contributors drop from 50.0% to 13.0%). The findings suggest that the provision of environmental public goods faces more impediments than common experimental findings indicate. Moreover, they suggest that especially men become more self-focused when required to mitigate a loss with effort. Given that many environmental public goods are about avoiding losses by taking action and that most political decision makers are still men, the latter result seems to be relevant from a policy perspective.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279193
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10444 (2023)
    Schlagworte: public goods; real effort; climate change; loss aversion; gender effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. How fully do people exploit their bargaining position?
    the effects of bargaining institution and the 50–50 norm
    Autor*in: Anbaric, Nejat; Feltovich, Nick
    Erschienen: [2016]
    Verlag:  [Monash University, Monash Business School, Department of Economics], [Canberra]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Monash Business School, Department of Economics ; 16, 21
    Schlagworte: Nash demand game; unstructured bargaining; real effort; equal split; experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Leveraging social comparisons
    the role of peer assignment policies
    Autor*in: Senn, Julien; Schmitz, Jan; Zehnder, Christian
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  University of Zurich, Department of Economics, Zurich

    Using a large-scale real effort experiment, we explore whether and how different peer assignment mechanisms affect worker performance and stress. Letting individuals choose whom to compare to increases productivity to the same extent as a targeted... mehr

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    Using a large-scale real effort experiment, we explore whether and how different peer assignment mechanisms affect worker performance and stress. Letting individuals choose whom to compare to increases productivity to the same extent as a targeted exogenous matching policy designed to maximize motivational spillovers. These effects are significantly larger than those obtained through random assignment and their magnitude is comparable to the impact of monetary incentives that increase pay by about 10 percent. A downside of targeted peer assignment is that, unlike endogenous peer selection, it leads to a large increase in stress. Using a combination of choice data, text analysis and simulations, we show that the key advantage of letting workers choose whom to compare to is that it allows those workers who want to be motivated to compare to a motivating peer while also permitting those for whom social comparisons have little benefits or are too stressful to avoid them. Finally, we provide evidence that social comparisons yield stronger motivational effects than comparable non-social goals.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/275665
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised version, August 2023
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / University of Zurich, Department of Economics ; no. 427
    Schlagworte: Social comparisons; productivity; stress; incentives; real effort
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 91 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Motivated procrastination
    Autor*in: Cordes, Charlotte A.; Friedrichsen, Jana; Schudy, Simeon
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Procrastination is often attributed to time-inconsistent preferences but may also arise when individuals derive anticipatory utility from holding optimistic beliefs about their future effort costs. This study provides a rigorous empirical test for... mehr

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    DS 63
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    Procrastination is often attributed to time-inconsistent preferences but may also arise when individuals derive anticipatory utility from holding optimistic beliefs about their future effort costs. This study provides a rigorous empirical test for this notion of ‘motivated procrastination’. In a longitudinal experiment over four weeks, individuals must complete a cumbersome task of unknown length. We find that exogenous variation in scope for motivated reasoning results in optimistic beliefs among workers, which causally increase the deferral of work to the future. The roots for biased beliefs stem from motivated memory, such that procrastination may persist even if uncertainty is eventually resolved.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/296161
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11072 (2024)
    Schlagworte: anticipatory utility; beliefs; memory; motivated cognition; procrastination; real effort; task allocation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Multi-rater performance evaluations and incentives
    Autor*in: Ockenfels, Axel; Sliwka, Dirk; Werner, Peter
    Erschienen: February 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We compare evaluations of employee performance by individuals and groups of supervisors, analyzing a formal model and running a laboratory experiment. The model predicts that multi-rater evaluations are more precise than single-rater evaluations if... mehr

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    We compare evaluations of employee performance by individuals and groups of supervisors, analyzing a formal model and running a laboratory experiment. The model predicts that multi-rater evaluations are more precise than single-rater evaluations if groups rationally aggregate their signals about employee performance. Our controlled laboratory experiment confirms this prediction and finds evidence that this can indeed be attributed to accurate information processing in the group. Moreover, when employee compensation depends on evaluations, multi-rater evaluations tend to be associated with higher performance.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16812
    Schlagworte: performance appraisal; calibration panels; group decisionmaking; real effort; incentives
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Loss aversion and the quantity-quality tradeoff
    Autor*in: Rubin, Jared; Samek, Anya Savikhin; Sheremeta, Roman M.
    Erschienen: August 29, 2017
    Verlag:  [Chapman University, Economic Science Institute], [Orange, CA]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: [Working papers / Chapman University, Economic Science Institute ; 17, 20]
    Schlagworte: quantity; quality; experiment; incentives; real effort; loss aversion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Motivated procrastination
    Autor*in: Cordes, Charlotte A.; Friedrichsen, Jana; Schudy, Simeon
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    Traditionally, economic models have attributed procrastination to present bias. However, procrastination may also arise when individuals derive anticipatory utility from holding motivated, overly optimistic beliefs about the workload they need to... mehr

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    Traditionally, economic models have attributed procrastination to present bias. However, procrastination may also arise when individuals derive anticipatory utility from holding motivated, overly optimistic beliefs about the workload they need to complete. This study provides a rigorous empirical test for this notion of `motivated procrastination'. In a longitudinal experiment over four weeks, individuals have to complete a cumbersome task of unknown length. They are exposed to exogenous variation in i) their expectation regarding their workload and ii) scope for motivated reasoning. We find that scope for motivated reasoning allows workers to hold substantially more optimistic beliefs and identify a causal link between the exogenous variation in beliefs and the deferral of work to the future. This systematic belief-based delay of work (motivated procrastination) turns out to be robust to accounting for decision-makers' time preferences and emotional responses, and looms largest for decision makers who tend to not acquire information that may include negative news.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282162
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 471 (December 03, 2023)
    Schlagworte: anticipatory utility; beliefs; memory; motivated cognition; procrastination; real effort; task allocation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Incentivizing quantity and quality of output
    an experimental investigation of the quantity-quality trade-off
    Autor*in: Rubin, Jared; Samek, Anya Savikhin; Sheremeta, Roman M.
    Erschienen: January 27, 2016
    Verlag:  [Chapman University, Economic Science Institute], [Orange, CA]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: [Working papers / Chapman University, Economic Science Institute ; 16-01]
    Schlagworte: quantity; quality; experiment; incentives; real effort; loss aversion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen