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  1. The politicized pandemic: ideological polarization and the behavioral response to COVID-19
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the relationship between political attitudes and prosociality in a survey of a representative sample of the U.S. population during the first summer of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that an experimental measure of prosociality... mehr

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    We investigate the relationship between political attitudes and prosociality in a survey of a representative sample of the U.S. population during the first summer of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that an experimental measure of prosociality correlates positively with adherence to protective behaviors. Liberal political ideology predicts higher levels of protective behavior than conservative ideology, independently of the differences in prosociality across the two groups. Differences between liberals and conservatives are up to 4.4 times smaller in their behavior than in judging the government's crisis management. This result suggests that U.S. Americans are more polarized on ideological than behavioral grounds.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250693
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15032
    Schlagworte: polarization; ideology; trust in politicians; COVID-19; prosociality; health behavior; worries
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Revenue drift, incentives, and effort allocation in social enterprises
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Revenue drift, where insufficient attention is given to economic, relative to social, goals, threatens social enterprise performance and survival. We argue that financial incentives can address this problem by redirecting employee attention to... mehr

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    Revenue drift, where insufficient attention is given to economic, relative to social, goals, threatens social enterprise performance and survival. We argue that financial incentives can address this problem by redirecting employee attention to commercial tasks and attracting workers less inclined to fixate on social tasks. In an online experiment with varying incentive levels, monetary rewards succeed in directing worker effort to commercial tasks; high-powered incentives attract less prosocial employees, but low-powered incentives do not alter workforce composition. Social enterprises combining monetary rewards with a social mission not only attract more workers, but are also able to guard against revenue drift.

     

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    hdl: 10419/267453
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15716
    Schlagworte: incentives; multitasking; experiment; social enterprise; prosociality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Religious identity, trust, reciprocity, and prosociality
    theory and evidence
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We use the trust and the dictator games to explore the effects of religious identity on trust, trustworthiness, prosociality, and conditional reciprocity within a beliefs-based model. We provide a novel and rigorous theoretical model to derive the... mehr

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    We use the trust and the dictator games to explore the effects of religious identity on trust, trustworthiness, prosociality, and conditional reciprocity within a beliefs-based model. We provide a novel and rigorous theoretical model to derive the relevant predictions, which are then tested in pre-registered lab-in-the-field experiments from villages in the Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. We find strong evidence of religious identity effects in the beliefs, and the chosen actions, for Hindu and Muslim subjects. Priming has little effect on Hindu subjects but it enhances religious polarization in beliefs and actions among Muslim subjects. There is taste-based discrimination but no statistical discrimination. All our underlying assumptions on beliefs, and their dependence on priming and identity are confirmed by the data, identifying a precise beliefs-based mechanism for the effects of religious identity. More religious subjects expect greater prosociality/reciprocity and often are more prosocial/reciprocal.

     

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    hdl: 10419/271791
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10147 (2022)
    Schlagworte: religious identity; trust; trustworthiness; prosociality; priming; conditional reciprocity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Training effective altruism
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1390
    Schlagworte: economics; soft-skills; prosociality; altruism; policymakers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Religion and cooperation across the globe
    Erschienen: 10 March 2023
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17976
    Schlagworte: Religion; prosociality; human cooperation; population; institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Religion and cooperation across the globe
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    Social science research has stressed the important role of religion in sustaining cooperation among non-kin. We contribute to this literature with a large-scale empirical study documenting the relationship between religion and cooperation. We analyze... mehr

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    Social science research has stressed the important role of religion in sustaining cooperation among non-kin. We contribute to this literature with a large-scale empirical study documenting the relationship between religion and cooperation. We analyze newly available, experimentally validated, and globally representative data on social preferences and world religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism). We find that individuals who report believing in such religions also exhibit more prosocial preferences, as measured by their levels of positive reciprocity, altruism and trust. We further document heterogeneous patterns of negative reciprocity and punishment-two key elements for cooperation-across world religions. The association between religion and prosocial preferences is stronger in more populous societies and weaker in countries with better institutions. The interactive results between these variables point again towards the substitutability between religious and secular institutions, when it comes to sustaining cooperation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/278402
    Schriftenreihe: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 226
    Schlagworte: Religion; prosociality; human cooperation; population; institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 101 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Have preferences become more similar worldwide?
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Recent evidence shows substantial heterogeneity in time, risk, and social preferences across and within populations; yet little is known about the dynamics of preference heterogeneity across generations. We apply a novel identification strategy based... mehr

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    Recent evidence shows substantial heterogeneity in time, risk, and social preferences across and within populations; yet little is known about the dynamics of preference heterogeneity across generations. We apply a novel identification strategy based on dyadic differences in preferences using representative data for 80,000 individuals from 76 countries. Our results document that, among more recent birth cohorts, preferences are more similar across countries and gender gaps in preferences are smaller within countries. This decline in preference heterogeneity across cohorts relates to country-specific differences in preference endowments, population composition, and socioeconomic conditions during formative years, and points at global cultural convergence.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282423
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10735 (2023)
    Schlagworte: patience; willingness to take risks; trust; prosociality; cohort effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Have preferences become more similar worldwide?
    Erschienen: 30 October 2023
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18561
    Schlagworte: Patience; willingness to take risks; trust; prosociality; cohort effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Isolating nature from nurture
    does exposure to business and economics education make students more selfinterested?
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, [Göteborg]

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2077/7391
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper in economics ; no. 827
    Schlagworte: indoctrination; education; selection effect; economics education; business education; gender; prosociality; prosocial behavior; self-interest
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The persistent effect of competition on prosociality
    Erschienen: 15 November 2023
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18615
    Schlagworte: prosociality; competition; cooperation; social skills; socio-emotionalskills; tournaments; comparative pay; incentive schemes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The persistent effect of competition on prosociality
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We present the first causal evidence on the persistent impact of enduring competition on prosociality. Inspired by the literature on tournaments within firms, which shows that competitive compensation schemes reduce cooperation in the short-run, we... mehr

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    We present the first causal evidence on the persistent impact of enduring competition on prosociality. Inspired by the literature on tournaments within firms, which shows that competitive compensation schemes reduce cooperation in the short-run, we explore if enduring exposure to a competitive environment persistently attenuates prosociality. Based on a large-scale randomized intervention in the education context, we find lower levels of prosociality for students who just experienced a 2-year competition period. 4-year follow-up data indicate that the effect persists and generalizes, suggesting a change in traits and not only in behavior.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282722
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16595
    Schlagworte: prosociality; competition; cooperation; social skills; socio-emotional skills; tournaments; comparative pay; incentive schemes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The persistent effect of competition on prosociality
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We present the first causal evidence on the persistent impact of enduring competition on prosociality. Inspired by the literature on tournaments within firms, which shows that competitive compensation schemes reduce cooperation in the short-run, we... mehr

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    We present the first causal evidence on the persistent impact of enduring competition on prosociality. Inspired by the literature on tournaments within firms, which shows that competitive compensation schemes reduce cooperation in the short-run, we explore if enduring exposure to a competitive environment persistently attenuates prosociality. Based on a large-scale randomized intervention in the education context, we find lower levels of prosociality for students who just experienced a 2-year competition period. 4-year follow-up data indicate that the effect persists and generalizes, suggesting a change in traits and not only in behavior.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282467
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10779 (2023)
    Schlagworte: prosociality; competition; cooperation; social skills; socio-emotional skills; tournaments; comparative pay; incentive schemes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Life-cycle effects of comprehensive sex education
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Sex education can impact pupils' sexual activity and convey the social norms regarding family formation and responsibility, which can have significant consequences to their future. To investigate the life-cycle effects of social norm transmission,... mehr

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    Sex education can impact pupils' sexual activity and convey the social norms regarding family formation and responsibility, which can have significant consequences to their future. To investigate the life-cycle effects of social norm transmission, this study draws on the introduction of comprehensive sex education in the curriculum of Swedish primary schools during the 1940s to the 1950s. Inspired by social-democratic values, sex education during this period taught students about abstinence, rational family planning choices, and the importance of taking social responsibility for their personal decisions. The study applies a state-of-the-art estimator of the difference-in-differences method to various outcomes of men and women throughout the life cycle. The results show that the reform affected most intended outcomes for men and women, ultimately decreasing gender inequality in earnings. The effects of the reform also extended to the succeeding generation of girls, encouraging them to choose a profession with prosocial responsibilities and engage in entrepreneurship. The findings suggest that social norms, internalized through school-based sex education, shape lifetime outcomes of individuals and their children in significant ways.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282749
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16622
    Schlagworte: social norms; sex education; natural experiment; gender inequality; economic wellbeing; prosociality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Religion and cooperation across the globe
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Social science research has stressed the important role of religion in sustaining cooperation among non-kin. We contribute to this literature with a large-scale empirical study documenting the relationship between religion and cooperation. We analyze... mehr

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    Social science research has stressed the important role of religion in sustaining cooperation among non-kin. We contribute to this literature with a large-scale empirical study documenting the relationship between religion and cooperation. We analyze newly available, experimentally validated, and globally representative data on social preferences and world religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism). We find that individuals who report believing in such religions also exhibit more prosocial preferences, as measured by their levels of positive reciprocity, altruism and trust. We further document heterogeneous patterns of negative reciprocity and punishment - two key elements for cooperation - across world religions. The association between religion and prosocial preferences is stronger in more populous societies and weaker in countries with better institutions. The interactive results between these variables point again towards the substitutability between religious and secular institutions, when it comes to sustaining cooperation.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272653
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16026
    Schlagworte: religion; prosociality; human cooperation; population; institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 102 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The persistent effect of competition on prosociality
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    We present the first causal evidence on the persistent impact of enduring competition on prosociality. Inspired by the literature on tournaments within firms, which shows that competitive compensation schemes reduce cooperation in the short-run, we... mehr

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    We present the first causal evidence on the persistent impact of enduring competition on prosociality. Inspired by the literature on tournaments within firms, which shows that competitive compensation schemes reduce cooperation in the short-run, we explore if enduring exposure to a competitive environment persistently attenuates prosociality. Based on a large-scale randomized intervention in the education context, we find lower levels of prosociality for students who just experienced a 2-year competition period. 4-year follow-up data indicate that the effect persists and generalizes, suggesting a change in traits and not only in behavior.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282140
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 449 (November 11, 2023)
    Schlagworte: prosociality; competition; cooperation; social skills; socio-emotional skills; tournaments; comparative pay; incentive schemes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  16. Have preferences become more similar worldwide?
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    Recent evidence shows substantial heterogeneity in time, risk, and social preferences across and within populations; yet little is known about the dynamics of preference heterogeneity across generations. We apply a novel identification strategy based... mehr

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    Recent evidence shows substantial heterogeneity in time, risk, and social preferences across and within populations; yet little is known about the dynamics of preference heterogeneity across generations. We apply a novel identification strategy based on dyadic differences in preferences using representative data for 80,000 individuals from 76 countries. Our results document that, among more recent birth cohorts, preferences are more similar across countries and gender gaps in preferences are smaller within countries. This decline in preference heterogeneity across cohorts relates to country-specific differences in preference endowments, population composition, and socioeconomic conditions during formative years, and points at global cultural convergence.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282128
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 436 (October 23, 2023)
    Schlagworte: Patience; willingness to take risks; trust; prosociality; cohort effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Excusing beliefs about third-party success
    Autor*in: Hajdu, Gergely
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien

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    Schriftenreihe: Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business ; no. 362
    Schlagworte: motivated beliefs; excuse; prosociality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen