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  1. Optimal progressivity of personal income tax
    a general equilibrium evaluation for Spain
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2101
    Schlagworte: income tax; progressivity; inequality; income and wealth distribution; general equilibrium; heterogeneous agent
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Tax progressivity and social welfare with a continuum of inequality views
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

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    hdl: 11159/6022
    Schriftenreihe: EIZ working papers ; EIZ-WP-21, 03
    Schlagworte: progressivity; regressivity; neutrality; relative inequality; absolute inequality; intermediate inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Redistributive effect and the progressivity of taxesand benefits
    evidence for the UK, 1977-2018
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/244593
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 967
    Schlagworte: Kakwani decomposition; inequality; redistributive effect; progressivity; reranking; benefits; taxes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Redistributive effect and the progressivity of taxes and benefits: evidence for the UK, 1977-2018
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We apply the Kakwani approach to decomposing redistributive effect into average rate, progressivity, and reranking components using yearly UK data covering 1977-2018. We examine cash and in-kind benefits, and direct and indirect taxes. In addition,... mehr

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    We apply the Kakwani approach to decomposing redistributive effect into average rate, progressivity, and reranking components using yearly UK data covering 1977-2018. We examine cash and in-kind benefits, and direct and indirect taxes. In addition, we highlight an empirical implementation issue - the definition of the reference ('pre-fisc') distribution. Drawing on an innovative counterfactual approach, our empirical analysis shows that trends in the redistributive effect of cash benefits are largely associated with cyclical changes in average benefit rates. In contrast, trends in the redistributive effects of direct and indirect taxes are mostly associated with changes in progressivity. For in-kind benefits, changes in the average benefit rate and progressivity each played the major roles at different times.

     

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    hdl: 10419/250480
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14819
    Schlagworte: Kakwani decomposition; inequality; redistributive effect; progressivity; reranking; benefits; taxes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Reforming the individual income tax in Spain
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2043
    Schlagworte: taxation; progressivity; top earners; labor supply; Laffer curve
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Progress of the personal income tax in emerging markets and developing countries
    Erschienen: 2022 JAN
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and... mehr

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    Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9798400201134
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/22, 20
    Schlagworte: Personal income tax; progressivity; redistribution; low-income countries; emerging market economies; Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria; Liability Threshold; Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes; Personal Income Tax and Progressivity; Redistribution and Low-Income Countries; PIT Revenue Performance; PIT System
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Measuring the redistributive capacity of tax policies
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper presents a novel technique to measure and compare the redistributive capacity of observed tax (or transfer) policies. The technique is based on income distribution simulations and controls for differences in pre-tax income distributions.... mehr

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    This paper presents a novel technique to measure and compare the redistributive capacity of observed tax (or transfer) policies. The technique is based on income distribution simulations and controls for differences in pre-tax income distributions. It assumes that the only information on the pre-tax distribution available in each country-year is the Gini coefficient and the mean (GDP per capita). We illustrate the technique with an application to the personal income tax, using a dataset of 108 countries over the 2007-2018 period

     

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    ISBN: 9781589064089
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 252
    Schlagworte: Income distribution; redistribution; progressivity; personal income tax; Foreign Exchange; Income Distribution, Redistribution, Progressivity and Personal Income Tax; Informal Economy; Novel Technique; PIT Redistribution; Underground Econom
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Redistributive effect and the progressivity of taxes and benefits
    evidence for the UK, 1977–2018
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  International Inequalities Institute, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / LSE International Inequalities Institute ; 72 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Kakwani decomposition; inequality; redistributive effect; progressivity; reranking; benefits; taxes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Redistributive effect and the progressivity of taxes and benefits
    evidence for the UK, 1977-2018
    Erschienen: 2021 October
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 592 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Kakwani decomposition; inequality; redistributive effect; progressivity; reranking; benefits; taxes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. How accurate is the Kakwani Index in predicting whether a tax or a transfer is equalizing?
    an empirical analysis
    Erschienen: 2022 February
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 601 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Kakwani index; fiscal redistribution; reranking; progressivity; marginal contribution; taxes; transfers; Lambert
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Will the remote work revolution undermine progressive state income taxes?
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The remote work revolution raises the possibility that a much larger segment of the population will be able to sever the geographic linkage between home and work. This new development implicates several foundational questions in the law and economics... mehr

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    The remote work revolution raises the possibility that a much larger segment of the population will be able to sever the geographic linkage between home and work. This new development implicates several foundational questions in the law and economics of U.S. fiscal federalism. What are the taxing rights of states as to nonresident remote workers employed by firms within the state? May a state impose income taxes on nonresident employees only to the extent they are physically working within the state? Does state taxing power extend to all income derived from in-state firms, including wages paid to those who never set foot in the state? How these legal questions are resolved has important implications for the future of state income taxes. Standard sourcing rules attribute wage income to the employee's physical location. In the presence of remote work, however, rigid adherence to this physical presence rule could intensify the progressivity-limiting dynamics of federalism by reducing the costs to households of exploiting labor income tax differentials across jurisdictions. In this article, we document the rise of remote work, the status of state-level income tax progressivity as well as its evolution over time, and the correlation between work from home trends and progressivity. We consider how alternative legal rules for the sourcing of income can affect telework-induced mobility, but conclude that, regardless of which sourcing regime prevails in coming legal battles, the rise of remote work is likely to limit redistribution via state income taxes. While some sourcing rules may better preserve progressivity in the short term than others, the more fundamental threat to progressive state tax regimes derives from remote work's long-term erosion of the benefits of urban spatial clustering. To the extent that the nation's productive cities lose their allure as centers of agglomeration and the wages of high-skilled workers in these cities fall, the ability of their host states to pursue redistributive tax policies will likely be constrained. Significantly, these deglomeration effects will arise regardless of how state taxing rights are adapted for the remote work era, and therefore may carry with them implications for income tax progressivity at the federal level as well.

     

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    hdl: 10419/260551
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1119
    Schlagworte: income tax; remote work; sourcing rules; progressivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Will the remote work revolution undermine progressive state income taxes?
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The remote work revolution raises the possibility that a larger segment of the population will be able to sever the geographic linkage between home and work. What are the taxing rights of states as to nonresident remote workers? May a state impose... mehr

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    The remote work revolution raises the possibility that a larger segment of the population will be able to sever the geographic linkage between home and work. What are the taxing rights of states as to nonresident remote workers? May a state impose income taxes on nonresident employees only to the extent they are physically working within the state? Does state taxing power extend to all income derived from in-state firms, including wages paid to those who never set foot in the state? Standard sourcing rules attribute wage income to the employee's physical location. In the presence of remote work, however, rigid adherence to this physical presence rule could intensify the progressivity-limiting dynamics of federalism by reducing the costs to households of exploiting labor income tax differentials across jurisdictions. We document the rise of remote work and the status of state-level income tax progressivity as well as its evolution over time. We consider how alternative legal rules for the sourcing of income can affect telework-induced mobility, but conclude that, regardless of which sourcing regime prevails in coming legal battles, the rise of remote work is likely to limit redistribution via state income taxes. While some sourcing rules may better preserve progressivity in the short term than others, the more fundamental threat to progressive state tax regimes derives from remote work's long-term erosion of the benefits of urban spatial clustering. To the extent that the nation's productive cities lose their allure as centers of agglomeration and the wages of high-skilled workers in these cities fall, the ability of their host states to pursue redistributive tax policies will likely be constrained. These deglomeration effects will arise regardless of how state taxing rights are adapted for the remote work era, and therefore may carry with them implications for income tax progressivity at the federal level.

     

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    hdl: 10419/263735
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9805 (2022)
    Schlagworte: income tax; remote work; sourcing rules; progressivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. How accurate is the Kakwani Index in predicting whether a tax or a transfer is equalizing?
    an empirical analysis
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Tulane University, Department of Economics, New Orleans, LA

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    Schriftenreihe: Tulane Economics working paper series ; 2204 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: Kakwani index; fiscal redistribution; reranking; progressivity; marginal contribution; taxes; transfers; Lambert
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Pandemic and progressivity
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Based on a survey of about 2,500 US resident adults, we show that people who have experienced serious illness or job loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, or who personally know someone who has, favor a temporary progressive levy or structural... mehr

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    Based on a survey of about 2,500 US resident adults, we show that people who have experienced serious illness or job loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, or who personally know someone who has, favor a temporary progressive levy or structural progressive tax reform to a greater extent than others in the sample, controlling for income, demographic characteristics, and other factors. People who reveal preferences for spending items (more on police, military, border protection; less on education, health, environment) that are associated with communitarian (rather than universalist) moral perspectives generally show weaker support for progressive reforms, but more communitarians change their views as a result of personal experience. The results are consistent with previous findings that economic upheavals can mold individuals' views on policy matters

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781513568621
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 24
    Schlagworte: Solidarity taxes; surcharges; surveys; attitudes; progressivity; tax reform
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Progress of the personal income tax in emerging markets and developing countries
    Erschienen: 2022 JAN
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and... mehr

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    Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/22, 20
    Schlagworte: Personal income tax; progressivity; redistribution; low-income countries; emerging market economies; Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria; Liability Threshold; Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes; Personal Income Tax and Progressivity; Redistribution and Low-Income Countries; PIT Revenue Performance; PIT System
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  16. Measuring the redistributive capacity of tax policies
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper presents a novel technique to measure and compare the redistributive capacity of observed tax (or transfer) policies. The technique is based on income distribution simulations and controls for differences in pre-tax income distributions.... mehr

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    This paper presents a novel technique to measure and compare the redistributive capacity of observed tax (or transfer) policies. The technique is based on income distribution simulations and controls for differences in pre-tax income distributions. It assumes that the only information on the pre-tax distribution available in each country-year is the Gini coefficient and the mean (GDP per capita). We illustrate the technique with an application to the personal income tax, using a dataset of 108 countries over the 2007-2018 period

     

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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 252
    Schlagworte: Income distribution; redistribution; progressivity; personal income tax; Foreign Exchange; Income Distribution, Redistribution, Progressivity and Personal Income Tax; Informal Economy; Novel Technique; PIT Redistribution; Underground Econom
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  17. Pandemic and progressivity
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Based on a survey of about 2,500 US resident adults, we show that people who have experienced serious illness or job loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, or who personally know someone who has, favor a temporary progressive levy or structural... mehr

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    Based on a survey of about 2,500 US resident adults, we show that people who have experienced serious illness or job loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, or who personally know someone who has, favor a temporary progressive levy or structural progressive tax reform to a greater extent than others in the sample, controlling for income, demographic characteristics, and other factors. People who reveal preferences for spending items (more on police, military, border protection; less on education, health, environment) that are associated with communitarian (rather than universalist) moral perspectives generally show weaker support for progressive reforms, but more communitarians change their views as a result of personal experience. The results are consistent with previous findings that economic upheavals can mold individuals' views on policy matters

     

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    ISBN: 9781513568621
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 24
    Schlagworte: Solidarity taxes; surcharges; surveys; attitudes; progressivity; tax reform
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Uninterrupted growth, redistribution and inequality
    the Australian case 1991-2020
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2023, 15 (October 2023)
    Schlagworte: Inequality; taxation; progressivity; redistribution; administrative data; dynamic general equilibrium
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  19. The looming fiscal reckoning
    tax distortions, top earners, and revenues
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  Centro de estudios monetarios y financieros, Madrid, Spain

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CEMFI ; 2305
    Schlagworte: Taxation; progressivity; tax revenue
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  20. In search of a paradox of redistribution analysis of fiscal redistribution in high-income countries
    Autor*in: Coady, David P.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl, Luxembourg

    The last decade has seen a sharp increase in interest in the possible existence of a Paradox of Redistribution (PoR) whereby narrow targeting of social transfers aimed at increasing their redistributive (poverty) impact has the perverse effect of... mehr

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    The last decade has seen a sharp increase in interest in the possible existence of a Paradox of Redistribution (PoR) whereby narrow targeting of social transfers aimed at increasing their redistributive (poverty) impact has the perverse effect of increasing poverty over the medium term due to decreasing public support for such spending. However, empirical support for the existence of a PoR has been mixed. We revisit this issue using harmonized LIS household survey data covering recent decades. Our analysis is embedded in the standard social welfare framework, which allows for an integrated and transparent evaluation of FR, making explicit the value judgements necessarily inherent in such analyses. Our results support recent findings that FR has increased over the last four decades, although we do not find support for some recent results that FR decreased since 1995. While we find strong support for a PoR for social insurance transfers (dominated by pension transfers), we find little support in the context of social assistance transfers. We argue that, in the context of social assistance, more detailed country-specific studies of the underlying political and economic dynamics are needed to adequately determine the existence or otherwise of a PoR. Our high-level analysis can, however, help to identify possible candidates for such country case studies.

     

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    hdl: 10419/283878
    Schriftenreihe: LIS working paper series ; no. 871
    Schlagworte: Inequality; poverty alleviation; social welfare policy; redistribution; progressivity; targeting; paradox of redistribution
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  21. Revisiting tax on top income
    Erschienen: February 2018
    Verlag:  Australian National University, [Canberra]

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    ISBN: 0868316601
    Schriftenreihe: ANU working papers in economics and econometrics ; #660
    Schlagworte: Entrepreneurship; taxation; progressivity; labor supply
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