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  1. Foundations of utilitarianism under risk and variable population
    Autor*in: Spears, Dean; Zuber, Stéphane
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne, Paris

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 832
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Documents de travail du Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ; 2021, 17
    Schlagworte: Social risk; population ethics; utilitarianism; expected critical-level generalized utilitarianism; prioritarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  2. Foundations of utilitarianism under risk and variable population
    Autor*in: Spears, Dean; Zuber, Stéphane
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Utilitarianism is the most prominent family of social welfare functions. We present three new axiomatic characterizations of utilitarian (that is, additively separable) social welfare functions in a setting where there is risk over both population... mehr

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    Utilitarianism is the most prominent family of social welfare functions. We present three new axiomatic characterizations of utilitarian (that is, additively separable) social welfare functions in a setting where there is risk over both population size and the welfares of individuals. First, we show that, given uncontroversial basic axioms, Blackorby et al.'s (1998) Expected Critical-Level Generalized Utilitarianism (ECLGU) is equivalent to a new axiom holding that it is better to allocate higher utility-conditional-on-existence to possible people who have a higher probability of existence. The other two novel characterizations extend classic axiomatizations of utilitarianism from settings with either social risk or variable-population, considered alone. By considering both social risk and variable population together, we clarify the fundamental normative considerations underlying utilitarian policy evaluation.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245566
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14515
    Schlagworte: social risk; population ethics; utilitarianism; expected critical-level generalized utilitarianism; prioritarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. A soul's view of the optimal population problem
    Autor*in: De la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between... mehr

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    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between population size and the welfare of each person alive. A welfare criterion that speaks to this issue inherently requires evaluating the welfare of nonexistent people, because some people exist only in some allocations but not in others. To make progress, we consider the population problem in an environment where population is variable, but there is a fixed supply of souls, who may experience multiple incarnations over time. Rather than pondering the value of nonexistence, from the souls' perspective comparing larger or smaller populations merely involves valuing shorter or longer waits until the next incarnation. We argue that such comparisons are possible on the basis of introspection and lead to intuitive welfare criteria with attractive properties. We emphasize that one does not have to believe in reincarnation to accept the resulting criteria - rather, reincarnation serves as a metaphor to facilitate the necessary utility comparisons.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236253
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14222
    Schlagworte: Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion; Ethik; Utilitarismus; Soziale Diskontrate; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Theorie; population ethics; repugnant conclusion; endogenous discounting; utilitarianism; reincarnation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Evaluating climate policies by the Pareto principle
    efficiency when future identities are unobservable
    Autor*in: Asheim, Geir B.; Kamaga, Kohei; Zuber, Stéphane
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Climate change is an externality since those who emit greenhouse gases do not pay the long-term negative consequences of their emissions. In view of the resulting inefficiency, it has been claimed that climate policies can be evaluated by the Pareto... mehr

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    Climate change is an externality since those who emit greenhouse gases do not pay the long-term negative consequences of their emissions. In view of the resulting inefficiency, it has been claimed that climate policies can be evaluated by the Pareto principle. However, climate policies lead to different identities of future people, implying that the Pareto principle is not applicable. Assuming that there are infinitely many future people whose identities are not observable, we specify conditions under which their spatiotemporal positions do not matter. This implies that the Suppes-Sen principle whereby ranked streams are compared plays an important role and justifies that following dominance relation: A state a is said to dominate another state b if a Pareto dominates b for existing people and Suppes-Sen dominates b for future people, with at least one of the two being strict. We illustrate the consequences of this dominance definition for policy choice.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252092
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9575 (2022)
    Schlagworte: climate change; efficiency; intergenerational equity; population ethics; infinite streams
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Infinite population utilitarian criteria
    Autor*in: Asheim, Geir B.; Kamaga, Kohei; Zuber, Stéphane
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We examine utilitarian criteria for evaluating profiles of wellbeing among infinitely many individuals. Motivated by the non-existence of a natural 1-to-1 correspondence between people when alternatives have different population structures, with a... mehr

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    DS 63
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    We examine utilitarian criteria for evaluating profiles of wellbeing among infinitely many individuals. Motivated by the non-existence of a natural 1-to-1 correspondence between people when alternatives have different population structures, with a different number of people in each generation, we impose equal treatment in the form of Strong Anonymity. We show how a novel criterion, Strongly Anonymous Utilitarianism, can be characterized by combining Strong Anonymity with other regularity axioms (Monotonicity, Finite Completeness, and continuity axioms) as well as axioms of equity, sensitivity, separability, and population ethics. We relate it to other strongly anonymous utilitarian criteria and demonstrate its applicability by showing how it leads to an efficient and sustainable stream in the Ramsey model.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252093
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9576 (2022)
    Schlagworte: utilitarianism; intergenerational equity; population ethics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  6. The animal-welfare levy
    Autor*in: Espinosa, Romain; Treich, Nicolas
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1503
    Schlagworte: Animal welfare; meat; Pigouvian taxation; utilitarianism; life worth living; quality-adjusted life years; population ethics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Utilitarian population ethics and births timing
    Autor*in: Ponthière, Grégory
    Erschienen: [2015]
    Verlag:  Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques, Paris

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 331 (2015,31)
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Paris School of Economics ; no 2015, 31
    Schlagworte: population ethics; utilitarianism; fertility; birth timing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen