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  1. Tracing the evolution of service robotics
    insights from a topic modeling approach
    Autor*in: Ott, Ingrid; Savin, Ivan; Konop, Chris
    Erschienen: 10/2020
    Verlag:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    Taking robotic patents between 1977 and 2017 and building upon the topic modeling technique, we extract their latent topics, analyze how important these topics are over time, and how they are related to each other looking at how often they are... mehr

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    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    Taking robotic patents between 1977 and 2017 and building upon the topic modeling technique, we extract their latent topics, analyze how important these topics are over time, and how they are related to each other looking at how often they are recombined in the same patents. This allows us to differentiate between more and less important technological trends in robotics based on their stage of diffusion and position in the space of knowledge, where some topics appear isolated while others are highly interconnected. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach to match the constructed topics to the IFR classification of service robots based on frequency and exclusivity of words overlapping between them. We identify around 20 topics belonging to service robotics. Our results corroborate earlier findings, but also provide novel insights on the content and stage of development of application areas in service robotics. With this study we contribute to a better understanding of the highly dynamic field of robotics and contribute to new practices of utilizing the topic modeling approach.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231569
    Schriftenreihe: Kiel working paper ; no. 2180 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: knowledge diffusion; latent Dirichlet allocation; networks; patents; topic matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The impact of regulation on innovation
    Autor*in: Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Van Reenen, John
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1744 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Regulierung; Arbeitsrecht; Wirkungsanalyse; Innovation; Forschung; Frankreich; innovation; regulation; patents; firm size
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Does a local knowledge base in Industry 3.0 foster diversification in industry 4.0 technologies?
    evidence from European regions
    Autor*in: Laffi, Matteo; Boschma, Ron
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Schriftenreihe: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 21, 12
    Schlagworte: Fourth Industrial Revolution; Industry 4.0; regional innovation; patents; knowledge space; relatedness; EU regions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Asymmetries in global value chain integration, technology and employment structures in Europe
    country and sectoral evidence
    Autor*in: Bontadini, Filippo; Evangelista, Rinaldo; Meliciani, Valentina; Savona, Maria
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper provides empirical evidence on the complex role played by technology in affecting the relationship between the participation of EU countries and industries in Global Value Chains (GVCs) and their employment structure over the period... mehr

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    This paper provides empirical evidence on the complex role played by technology in affecting the relationship between the participation of EU countries and industries in Global Value Chains (GVCs) and their employment structure over the period 2000-2014. The empirical analysis is based on country/industry level data for 21 EU countries on employment, trade in value added, patents and investments in intangible assets, and focusses on backward linkages within GVCs. The role of technology is analysed by taking into account both the technological intensity of offshoring industries and that of their GVC partners. We study the employment structure by looking at the shares of managers and manual workers, which reflect the "functional specialisation" of the country-sector within GVCs. We find that pre-existing asymmetries in the functional specialisation are highly persistent over time, with little sign of convergence over our observed period. Furthermore, GVC participation is not related to changes in the employment structure. However, this relationship appears to be mediated by country-industries’ initial technological performance. Technological leader industries exhibit, in fact, larger shares of employment in headquarter functions, and this functional specialisation tends to be strengthened as they increase their integration into GVCs. In contrast, country-industries that start off as technological laggards see integration into GVCs accompanied by an increase in the share of employment in fabrication functions. The technological profile of the partners is also found to play a role in the relationship between GVC integration and the functional specialisation of the offshoring country/industry, although different patterns emerge depending on the nature of the partner (manufacturing vs service).

     
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    hdl: 10419/248983
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9438 (2021)
    Schlagworte: global value chains; employment; technology; intangible assets; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Barriers to creative destruction
    large firms and nonproductive strategies
    Autor*in: Baslandze, Salomé
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

    This working paper reviews recent empirical evidence on large firms and nonproductive strategies that hinder creative destruction and reallocation. The focus is on three types of nonproductive strategies: political connections, nonproductive... mehr

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    This working paper reviews recent empirical evidence on large firms and nonproductive strategies that hinder creative destruction and reallocation. The focus is on three types of nonproductive strategies: political connections, nonproductive patenting, and anticompetitive acquisitions. Across different contexts using granular micro data sets, we overwhelmingly see that as firms gain market share, they increasingly rely on nonproductive strategies but reduce their productive, innovation-based strategies. I also discuss theoretical channels, aggregate implications, and potentials for some policies.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249859
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2021, 23 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: creative destruction; innovation; growth; patents; political connections; firm dynamics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Using machine learning to predict patent lawsuits
    Autor*in: Juranek, Steffen; Otneim, Håkon
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11250/2760583
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Department of Business and Management Science ; FOR 2021, 6
    Schlagworte: patents; litigation; prediction; machine learning
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Why do R&D-intensive firms participate in standards organizations?
    the role of patents and product-market position
    Autor*in: Baron, Justus; Li, Cher; Nasirov, Shukhrat
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  University of Nottingham, GEP, Nottingham

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; research paper 2019, 16
    Schlagworte: standards organizations; R&D expenditure; patents; trademarks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Human capital and education policy
    evidence from survey data
    Autor*in: Grewenig, Elisabeth
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  ifo Institut, München

    Elisabeth Grewenig prepared this study while she was working at the Center for Economics of Education at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in March 2021 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the LMU Munich. It... mehr

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    Elisabeth Grewenig prepared this study while she was working at the Center for Economics of Education at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in March 2021 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the LMU Munich. It consists of five distinct empirical essays that address various aspects of human capital formation and education policy. Chapters 2 and 3 are concerned with the determinants of human capital formation. In particular, chapter 2 investigates the impact of gender norms on labor-supply expectations of adolescents. Chapter 3 analyzes the effects of the Corona-induced school closures on students' time spent with different educational activities. Chapters 4 and 5 are concerned with the implementation and feasibility of educational reforms. Thereby, chapter 4 evaluates the impact of recent reforms on binding teacher recommendations by studying educational outcomes of students in primary and secondary schools. Chapter 5 examines whether support for educational policies is amenable to information provision about party-positions. Finally, chapter 6 contributes to the methodological debate around survey measurement by investigating belief elicitation in large-scale online surveys.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    ISBN: 9783959420990
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243180
    Schriftenreihe: ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung ; 96 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Stranded assets; climate policy; expectations; utilities; event study; green innovation; patents; panel analysis; green finance; climate risk; intangible assets; institutional investors; renewable energy; crowding-out; regional economics; input-output ana; Gender Norms; Female Labor Supply; Survey Experiments; EducationalInequality; COVID-19; Low-Achieving Students; Home Schooling; DistanceTeaching; School Tracking; Admission Policies; Student Performance; Political Parties; Partisanship; Information; Endogenous Preferences; Voters,Family Policy; Beliefs; Incentives; Online Search
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 294 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe

    Dissertation, Universität München, 2021
  9. Big pharma and monopoly capitalism: a long-term view
    Autor*in: Dosi, Giovanni; Marengo, Luigi; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Are IPRs institutions meant to foster innovative activities or conversely to secure appropriation and profitability? Taking stock of a long-term empirical evidence on the pharmaceutical sector in the US, we can hardly support IPRs intended as an... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Are IPRs institutions meant to foster innovative activities or conversely to secure appropriation and profitability? Taking stock of a long-term empirical evidence on the pharmaceutical sector in the US, we can hardly support IPRs intended as an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect intellectual monopolies rather than an incentive and a reward to innovative efforts. Patenting strategies appear to be quite aggressive in extending knowledge borders and enlarging the space protected from the possibility of infringements. This is also witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time. Conversely, the number of patents protecting new drugs approved by the FDA which draw upon government-sponsored research - as such a mark for quality - falls. Firm-level analysis on profitability confirms strong correlation, restricted to listed pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247295
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 26 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: Intellectual property rights; patents; pharmaceutical industry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Policy influence in the knowledge space
    a regional application
    Autor*in: Basilico, Stefano; Cantner, Uwe; Graf, Holger
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Cluster policies aim at improving collaboration between co-located actors to address systemic failures. As yet, cluster policy evaluations are mainly concerned with effects on firm performance. Some recent studies move to the system level by... mehr

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    Cluster policies aim at improving collaboration between co-located actors to address systemic failures. As yet, cluster policy evaluations are mainly concerned with effects on firm performance. Some recent studies move to the system level by assessing how the structure of actor-based knowledge networks is affected by such policies. We continue in that direction and analyze how technology-based regional knowledge spaces structurally respond to the introduction of a cluster policy. Taking the example of the German BioRegio contest, we examine how such knowledge spaces in winning and non-winning regions evolved before, during and after the policy. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we identify treatment effects of increased knowledge space embeddedness of biotechnology only in the post-treatment period. Our findings imply that cluster policies can have long-term structural effects typically not accounted for in policy evaluations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243082
    Schriftenreihe: Jena economic research papers ; # 2021, 011
    Schlagworte: BioRegio contest; network analysis; knowledge space; difference in differences; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Migrant inventors as agents of technological change
    Autor*in: Miguélez, Ernest; Morrison, Andrea
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Schriftenreihe: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 21, 25
    Schlagworte: patents; migration; technological diversification; relatedness; Europe
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Profit taxation, R&D spending, and innovation
    Autor*in: Lichter, Andreas; Löffler, Max; Isphording, Ingo Eduard; Nguyen, Thu-Van; Poege, Felix; Siegloch, Sebastian
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    We study how profit taxation affects plants' R&D spending and innovation activities. Relying on geocoded survey panel data which approximately covers the universe of R&D-active plants in Germany, we exploit around 7,300 changes in the municipal... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    We study how profit taxation affects plants' R&D spending and innovation activities. Relying on geocoded survey panel data which approximately covers the universe of R&D-active plants in Germany, we exploit around 7,300 changes in the municipal business tax rate over the period 1987-2013 for identification. Applying event study models, we find a negative and statistically significant effect of an increase in profit taxation on plants' R&D spending with an implied long-run elasticity of 1.25. Reductions in R&D are particularly strong among more credit-constrained plants. In contrast, homogeneity of effects across the plant size distribution questions policy makers common practice to link targeted R&D tax incentives to plant size. We further find lagged negative effects on the (citation-weighted) number of filed patents.

     
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    hdl: 10419/246586
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 21, 080 (11/2021)
    Schlagworte: corporate taxation; firms; R&D; innovation; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Innovation in Malmö after the Öresund Bridge
    Autor*in: Ejermo, Olof; Hussinger, Katrin; Kalash, Basheer; Schubert, Torben
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Lund University, Centre for Innovation Research (CIRCLE), [Lund, Sweden]

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    Schriftenreihe: Papers in innovation studies ; no. 2021, 4
    Schlagworte: transport infrastructure; innovation; Öresund Bridge; cross-border regions; patents; inventors; agglomeration effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Currency volatility and global technological innovation
    Autor*in: Hsu, Po-Hsuan; Taylor, Mark P.; Wang, Zigan; Xu, Qi
    Erschienen: 05 October 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16611
    Schlagworte: Foreign Exchange Volatility; Technological innovation; patents; R&D
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten)
  15. Bank regulation, lending and patenting
    evidence from the EBA capital exercise
    Autor*in: Krzyzanowski, Jan; Walz, Uwe
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, [Frankfurt am Main]

    We analyze the impact of decreases in available lending resources on quantitative and qualitative dimensions of firms' patenting activities. We thereby make use of the European Banking Authority?s capital exercise to carve out the causal effect of... mehr

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    We analyze the impact of decreases in available lending resources on quantitative and qualitative dimensions of firms' patenting activities. We thereby make use of the European Banking Authority?s capital exercise to carve out the causal effect of bank lending on firm innovation. In order to do so we combine various datasets to derive information on firms' financials, their patenting behaviors, as well as their relationships with their lenders. Building on this selfgenerated dataset, we provide support for the "less finance, less innovation" view. At the same time, we show that lower available financial resources for firms lead to improvement in the qualitative dimensions of their patents. Hence, we carve out a "less finance, less but better innovation" pattern.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247666
    Schriftenreihe: SAFE working paper ; no. 330 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: financing; bank lending; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  16. Profit taxation, R&D spending, and innovation
    Autor*in: Lichter, Andreas; Löffler, Max; Isphording, Ingo Eduard; Nguyen, Thu-Van; Poege, Felix; Siegloch, Sebastian
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study how profit taxation affects plants' R&D spending and innovation activities. Relying on geocoded survey panel data which approximately covers the universe of R&D-active plants in Germany, we exploit around 7,300 changes in the municipal... mehr

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    We study how profit taxation affects plants' R&D spending and innovation activities. Relying on geocoded survey panel data which approximately covers the universe of R&D-active plants in Germany, we exploit around 7,300 changes in the municipal business tax rate over the period 1987-2013 for identification. Applying event study models, we find a negative and statistically significant effect of an increase in profit taxation on plants' R&D spending with an implied long-run elasticity of -1.25. Reductions in R&D are particularly strong among more credit-constrained plants. In contrast, homogeneity of effects across the plant size distribution questions policy makers common practice to link targeted R&D tax incentives to plant size. We further find lagged negative effects on the (citation-weighted) number of filed patents.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250491
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14830
    Schlagworte: corporate taxation; firms; R&D; innovation; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Profit taxation, R&D spending, and innovation
    Autor*in: Lichter, Andreas; Löffler, Max; Isphording, Ingo Eduard; Nguyen, Thu-Van; Poege, Felix; Siegloch, Sebastian
    Erschienen: 08 November 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16702
    Schlagworte: Corporate taxation; firms; R&D; Innovation; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Will the AI revolution be labour-friendly?
    some micro evidence from the supply side
    Autor*in: Damioli, G.; Van Roy, Vincent; Vertesy, Daniel; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 20 April 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 016
    Schlagworte: Innovation; technological change; patents; employment; job-creation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Disambiguation by namesake risk assessment
    Autor*in: Doherr, Thorsten
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    Most bibliometric databases only provide names as the handle to their careers leading to the issue of namesakes. We introduce a universal method to assess the risk of linking documents of different individuals sharing the same name with the goal of... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Most bibliometric databases only provide names as the handle to their careers leading to the issue of namesakes. We introduce a universal method to assess the risk of linking documents of different individuals sharing the same name with the goal of collecting the documents into personalized clusters. A theoretical setup for the probability of drawing a namesake depending on the number of namesakes in the population and the size of the observed unit replaces the need for training datasets, thereby avoiding a namesake bias caused by the inherent underestimation of namesakes in training/benchmark data. A Poisson model based on a master sample of unambiguously identified individuals estimates the main component, the number of namesakes for any given name. To implement the algorithm, we reduce the complexity in the data by resolving similarity in properties. At the core of the implementation is a mechanism returning the unit size of the intersected mutual properties linking two documents. Because of the high computational demands of this mechanism, it is a necessity to discuss means to optimize the procedure.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231411
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 21, 021 (03/2021)
    Schlagworte: homonymy; namesakes; disambiguation; scientific careers; inventors; patents; publications
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The heterogeneous impact of market size on innovation
    evidence from French firm-level exports
    Autor*in: Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Lequien, Matthieu; Melitz, Marc J.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  INSEE, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Montrouge, France

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    Schriftenreihe: Documents de travail / Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques ; no. G2020, 11 (Novembre 2020)
    Schlagworte: Innovation; export; demand shocks; patents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The impact of regulation on innovation
    Autor*in: Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Van Reenen, John
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France,... mehr

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    Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France, where many labor regulations apply to firms with 50 or more employees. Nonparametrically, we find that there is a sharp fall in the fraction of innovating firms just to the left of the regulatory threshold. Further, a dynamic analysis shows a sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5.4% lower due to the regulation, a 2.2% consumption equivalent welfare loss. Four-fifths of this loss is due to lower innovation intensity per firm rather than just a misallocation towards smaller firms and lower entry. We generalize the theory to allow for changes in the direction of R&D, and find that regulation's negative effects only matter for incremental innovation (as measured by citations and text-based measures of novelty). A more regulated economy may have less innovation, but when firms do innovate they tend to "swing for the fence" with more radical (and labor saving) breakthroughs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232834
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14082
    Schlagworte: Regulierung; Arbeitsrecht; Wirkungsanalyse; Innovation; Forschung; Frankreich; innovation; regulation; patents; firm size
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. COVID-19 and the failure of pharmaceutical innovation for the global South
    the example of "neglected diseases" and emerging infectious diseases
    Autor*in: Raza, Werner
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  Austrian Foundation for Development Research - ÖFSE, Vienna

    The debate about the lack of access to COVID-19 vaccines for the countries of the Global South joins a long history of struggle for effective and affordable treatments for those several dozen diseases for which the World Health Organisation (WHO)... mehr

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    The debate about the lack of access to COVID-19 vaccines for the countries of the Global South joins a long history of struggle for effective and affordable treatments for those several dozen diseases for which the World Health Organisation (WHO) uses the telling adjective "neglected". Empirical evidence shows that the pharmaceutical innovation system, built over the last thirty years around the global protection of so-called intellectual property rights (IPR), has failed across the board in providing treatments for these diseases. The same applies to the category of new infectious diseases, which also includes coronaviruses. Here, too, there has been little research and development effort, even though the dangers of the diseases they cause had been known for 20 years. The COVID-19 pandemic should therefore be used for a fundamental reform with the aim of aligning pharmaceutical innovation more closely with public health goals. In addition to a stronger financial commitment from the EU, the pharmaceutical industry should also be required to make a greater contribution to the fight against these diseases, for example in the form of a levy to fund research and development (R&D) for "neglected diseases" and new infectious diseases.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232582
    Schriftenreihe: Briefing paper / Austrian Foundation for Development Research ; 32
    Schlagworte: TRIPS-agreement; COVID-19; neglected diseases; new infectious diseases; patents
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  23. Inventor mobility, human capital, and the propensity to patent
    Autor*in: Youngberg, David; Hall, Joshua C.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  West Virginia University, College of Business and Economics, [Morgantown, WV]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers series / West Virginia University, Department of Economics ; no. 20,10
    Schlagworte: patents; labor mobility; knowledge spillover; patent quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten)
  24. Truly standard-essential patents?
    a semantics-based analysis
    Autor*in: Brachtendorf, Lorenz; Gäßler, Fabian; Harhoff, Dietmar
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, Munich, Germany

    Standard-essential patents (SEPs) have become a key element of technical coordination in standard-setting organizations. Yet, in many cases, it remains unclear whether a declared SEP is truly standard-essential. To date, there is no automated... mehr

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    Standard-essential patents (SEPs) have become a key element of technical coordination in standard-setting organizations. Yet, in many cases, it remains unclear whether a declared SEP is truly standard-essential. To date, there is no automated procedure that allows for a scalable and objective assessment of SEP status. This paper introduces a semantics-based method for approximating the standard essentiality of patents. We provide details on the procedure that generates the measure of standard essentiality and present the results of several validation exercises. In a first empirical application we illustrate the measure's usefulness in estimating the share of true SEPs in firm patent portfolios for several mobile telecommunication standards. We find firm-level differences that are statistically significant and economically substantial. Furthermore, we observe a general decline in the average share of presumably true SEPs between successive standard generations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233489
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 265 (December 22, 2020)
    Schlagworte: patents; standards; standard essentiality; standard-setting organizations
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  25. May AI revolution be labour-friendly?
    some micro evidence from the supply side
    Autor*in: Damioli, Giacomo; Van Roy, Vincent; Vertesy, Daniel; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study investigates the possible job-creation impact of AI technologies, focusing on the supply side, namely the providers of the new knowledge base. The empirical analysis is based on a worldwide longitudinal dataset of 3,500 front-runner... mehr

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    This study investigates the possible job-creation impact of AI technologies, focusing on the supply side, namely the providers of the new knowledge base. The empirical analysis is based on a worldwide longitudinal dataset of 3,500 front-runner companies that patented the relevant technologies over the period 2000-2016. Obtained from GMM-SYS estimates, our results show a positive and significant impact of AI patent families on employment, supporting the labourfriendly nature of product innovation in the AI supply industries. However, this effect is small in magnitude and limited to service sectors and younger firms, which are the leading actors of the AI revolution. Finally, some evidence of increasing returns seems to emerge; indeed, the innovative companies which are more focused on AI technologies are those obtaining the larger impacts in terms of job creation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233078
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 823
    Schlagworte: Innovation; technological change; patents; employment; job-creation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen