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  1. Social position and fairness views
    Autor*in: Hvidberg, Kristoffer B.; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Stantcheva, Stefanie
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We link survey data containing Danish people’s perceptions of where they rank in various reference groups and fairness views with administrative records on their income history, life events, and reference groups. People know their income positions... mehr

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    We link survey data containing Danish people’s perceptions of where they rank in various reference groups and fairness views with administrative records on their income history, life events, and reference groups. People know their income positions well, but believe others are closer to themselves than they really are. The perceived fairness of inequalities is strongly related to current social position, moves with shocks to social position (e.g., unemployment or promotions), and changes when people are experimentally shown their actual positions. People view inequalities within education group and co-workers as most unfair, but underestimate inequality the most exactly within these reference groups.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235298
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8928 (2021)
    Schlagworte: social position; fairness views; inequality; misperceptions; information experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 93 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Global evidence on misperceptions and preferences for redistribution
    Autor*in: Feichtmayer, Jennifer; Gründler, Klaus
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Individuals often hold erroneous beliefs about their socio-economic status relative to others. We develop a new machine learning technique to measure these misperceptions and use large-scale international survey data to compute status misperception... mehr

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    Individuals often hold erroneous beliefs about their socio-economic status relative to others. We develop a new machine learning technique to measure these misperceptions and use large-scale international survey data to compute status misperception for 241,757 households from 97 countries (24 OECD, 73 non-OECD). We show that status misperception is a widespread phenomenon across the globe. Upward-biased perceptions are associated with lower preferences for redistribution and have direct consequences for welfare provision via the tax and transfer system. The effect accounts for approximately 9% of the variation in redistribution preferences, is independent of socio-demographic characteristics, robust to measurement errors in social surveys, and occurs similary when we change the underlying micro data or examine party preferences.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248926
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9381 (2021)
    Schlagworte: misperceptions; machine learning; socio-economic status; preferences; redistribution; welfare provision; taxes and transfers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Social position and fairness views
    Autor*in: Hvidberg, Kristoffer Balle; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Stantcheva, Stefanie
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    hdl: 10419/258948
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 21, 04
    Schlagworte: social position; fairness views; inequality; misperceptions; information experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Why do migrants stay unexpectedly?
    misperceptions and implications for integration
    Autor*in: Kaufmann, March; Machado, Joël; Verheyden, Bertrand
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Empirical evidence suggests that a large proportion of immigrants who initially intended to stay temporarily in the destination country end up staying permanently, which may lead to suboptimal integration. We study systematic causes of unexpected... mehr

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    Empirical evidence suggests that a large proportion of immigrants who initially intended to stay temporarily in the destination country end up staying permanently, which may lead to suboptimal integration. We study systematic causes of unexpected staying that originate in migrant misperceptions. Our framework contains uncertainty about long-term wages, endogenous integration and savings in the short term, and return migration in the long term. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions on misperceptions that lead migrants to overestimate their probability of return migration, independently of their characteristics. We show that these conditions involve pessimism about the destination country, either in terms of short-term utility, of long-term utility, or of wage prospects. We then highlight specific behavioural biases that give rise to such forms of pessimism. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find that relatively higher pessimism at arrival about future utility and wages is associated with migrants staying unexpectedly ex post.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232907
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14155
    Schlagworte: migrant integration; return intentions; unexpected staying; misperceptions; pessimism; GSOEP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Do refugees cause crime?
    Autor*in: Kayaoglu, Aysegul
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1470 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: Crime; refugees; Syrians; misperceptions; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Misperceptions and fake news during the Covid-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Arin, Kerim Peren; Lacomba, Juan A.; Lagos, Francisco; Mazrekaj, Deni; Thum, Marcel
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    By conducting large-scale surveys in four European countries, we investigate the determinants of right- and left-wing misperceptions as well as fake news exposure and sharing. We also shed light on how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced both... mehr

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    By conducting large-scale surveys in four European countries, we investigate the determinants of right- and left-wing misperceptions as well as fake news exposure and sharing. We also shed light on how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced both misperceptions and fake news. Our results indicate that people substantially overestimate the share of immigrants, Muslims, people under the poverty line, and the income share of the richest. Female, lower-income, and lower-educated respondents have higher misperceptions, whereas the higher-educated, male, married, right-wing and, younger respondents share fake news more often, both intentionally and unintentionally. The COVID-19 pandemic increased fake news sharing and amplified right-wing misperceptions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235436
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9066 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; lockdown; misperceptions; fake news
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Spreading consensus
    correcting misperceptions about the views of the medical community has lasting impacts on Covid-19 vaccine take-up
    Autor*in: Bartoš, Vojtěch; Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, Jana; Chytilová, Julie
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Identifying sources of vaccine hesitancy is one of the central challenges in fighting the Covid- 19 pandemic. In this study, we focus on the role of public misperceptions of doctors' views. Motivated by widespread concern that media reports create... mehr

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    Identifying sources of vaccine hesitancy is one of the central challenges in fighting the Covid- 19 pandemic. In this study, we focus on the role of public misperceptions of doctors' views. Motivated by widespread concern that media reports create uncertainty in how people perceive expert opinions, even when broad consensus exists, we elicited trust in Covid-19 vaccines held by 9,650 doctors in the Czech Republic. We found evidence of a strong consensus: 90% of doctors trust the vaccines. Next, we conducted a nationally representative survey (N=2,101), and document systemic misperceptions of doctors' views: more than 90% of respondents underestimate doctors'trust; the most common belief is that only 50% of doctors trust the vaccines. Finally, we integrate randomized provision of information about the true views held by doctors into a longitudinal data collection, and regularly measure its impacts on vaccine take-up during a nine-month period when the vaccines were gradually rolled out. We find that the treatment recalibrates beliefs and leads to a lasting and stable increase in vaccine demand: individuals who receive the information are 4 percentage points more likely to be vaccinated nine months after the intervention. This paper illuminates how the engagement of professional medical associations, with their unparalleled capacity to elicit individual views of doctors on a large scale, can help to create a cheap, scalable intervention that corrects misperceptions and has lasting impacts on behavior.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252134
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9617 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19 vaccine; beliefs; misperceptions; expert consensus; information
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Preferences and perceptions in provision and maintenance public goods
    Autor*in: Gächter, Simon; Kölle, Felix; Quercia, Simone
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  CEDEX, Centre for Decision Research & Experimental Economics, Nottingham

    We study two generic versions of public goods problems: in Provision problems, the public good does not exist initially and needs to be provided; in Maintenance problems, the public good already exists and needs to be maintained. In five lab and... mehr

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    We study two generic versions of public goods problems: in Provision problems, the public good does not exist initially and needs to be provided; in Maintenance problems, the public good already exists and needs to be maintained. In five lab and online experiments (n=2,584), we document a robust asymmetry in preferences and perceptions in two incentive-equivalent versions of these public good problems. We find fewer conditional cooperators and more free riders in Maintenance than Provision, a difference that is replicable, stable, and reflected in perceptions of kindness. Incentivized control questions administered before gameplay reveal dilemma-specific misperceptions but controlling for them neither eliminates game-dependent conditional cooperation, nor differences in perceived kindness of others' cooperation. Thus, even when sharing the same game form, Maintenance and Provision are different social dilemmas that require separate behavioral analyses. Despite some inconsistencies, a theory of revealed altruism comes closest to explaining our results.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261247
    Schriftenreihe: CeDEx discussion paper series ; no. 2022, 09
    Schlagworte: maintenance and provision social dilemmas; conditional cooperation; kindness; misperceptions; experiments; revealed altruism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Preferences and perceptions in provision and maintenance public goods
    Autor*in: Gächter, Simon; Kölle, Felix; Quercia, Simone
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study two generic versions of public goods problems: in Provision problems, the public good does not exist initially and needs to be provided; in Maintenance problems, the public good already exists and needs to be maintained. In five lab and... mehr

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    We study two generic versions of public goods problems: in Provision problems, the public good does not exist initially and needs to be provided; in Maintenance problems, the public good already exists and needs to be maintained. In five lab and online experiments (n=2,584), we document a robust asymmetry in preferences and perceptions in two incentive-equivalent versions of these public good problems. We find fewer conditional cooperators and more free riders in Maintenance than Provision, a difference that is replicable, stable, and reflected in perceptions of kindness. Incentivized control questions administered before gameplay reveal dilemma-specific misperceptions but controlling for them neither eliminates game-dependent conditional cooperation, nor differences in perceived kindness of others' cooperation. Thus, even when sharing the same game form, Maintenance and Provision are different social dilemmas that require separate behavioral analyses. Despite some inconsistencies, a theory of revealed altruism comes closest to explaining our results.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263538
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15322
    Schlagworte: maintenance and provision social dilemmas; conditionalcooperation; kindness; misperceptions; experiments; revealedaltruism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Optimal income taxation
    Autor*in: Kaplow, Louis
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1083 (07/2022)
    Schlagworte: Optimale Besteuerung; Theorie; optimal income taxation; labor supply; multidimensional abilities; endogenous wages; asymmetric information; founders; entrepreneurs; externalities; interdependent preferences; market power; rents; behavioral economics; misperceptions; myopia; savings; social security; income transfers; second best; modular analysis; social welfare; nonwelfarist principles; welfare weights; heterogeneous preferences; taxation of the family
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 104 Seiten)
  11. How are gender norms perceived?
    Autor*in: Bursztyn, Leonardo; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil; Voena, Alessandra; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 23, 14
    Schlagworte: Geschlecht; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; Gleichberechtigung; Soziale Norm; social norms; misperceptions; gender
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. How are gender norms perceived?
    Autor*in: Bursztyn, Leonardo; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil; Voena, Alessandra; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    hdl: 11250/3059734
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / NHH, Department of Economics ; SAM 2023, 05 (March 2023)
    Schlagworte: Geschlecht; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; Gleichberechtigung; Soziale Norm; social norms; misperceptions; gender
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. How are gender norms perceived?
    Autor*in: Bursztyn, Leonardo; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil; Voena, Alessandra; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  URPP Equality of Opportunity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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    Schriftenreihe: URPP Equality of Opportunity discussion paper series ; no. 41 (December 2023)
    Schlagworte: socialnorms; misperceptions; gender
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen