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  1. Vaccine research and development (R&D) in the Asia-Pacific
    the economics of vaccine R&D and policy recommendations to overcome market failures and promote R&D cooperation
    Autor*in: Postigo, Antonio
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  ARTNeT, United Nations ESCAP, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand

    The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted both the strengths and weaknesses of national, regional, and global vaccine research and development (R&D) systems. Translating public and private R&D efforts into effective vaccines in a timely manner requires... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 193
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted both the strengths and weaknesses of national, regional, and global vaccine research and development (R&D) systems. Translating public and private R&D efforts into effective vaccines in a timely manner requires not only sufficient financial and scientific resources but also a policy-driven R&D ecosystem that fosters innovation, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation. This paper outlines several supply-side and demand-side factors behind vaccine R&D that generate economic disincentives for pharmaceutical firms to invest in vaccine R&D and can lead to a market failure for vaccines targeting diseases in low-income countries. Most developing countries in Asia-Pacific not only lack the financial and technological resources to invest in vaccine R&D, but it is also not sensible to develop and replicate R&D capabilities in each country. Consequently, low-income countries are dependent on vaccines researched, developed, and manufactured by other nations that they must obtain through trade and international cooperation. The Asia-Pacific region accounts for the largest share of global R&D spending and large shares in publications and patents on vaccine R&D. The region is home to dozens of state-owned and private pharmaceutical firms and contract research organizations that conduct vaccine R&D. Global pharmaceutical firms have not only offshored part of their vaccine manufacturing to Asia-Pacific but also transferred some of their R&D activities. Countries in Asia-Pacific have used several supply-side and demand-side approaches to incentivize investments in vaccine R&D. For instance, high-income countries are major contributors to product development partnerships and philanthropic foundations and have launched programs to boost university-industry R&D ties. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many high- and middle-income countries in the region established advanced market commitments for vaccine doses. The COVID-19 pandemic also showed the possibilities and challenges of international cooperation in vaccine R&D. Pharmaceutical firms in some developing countries built their vaccine R&D capabilities through technological transfer from highincome countries. Regional institutions and intergovernmental organizations in AsiaPacific have also helped promote and coordinate regional cooperation in vaccine R&D. This paper proposes policy actions to stimulate investments in vaccine R&D and promote regional cooperation along four dimensions, namely a) on the prioritization of targets in the vaccine R&D pipeline; b) on how to overcome market failures in vaccine R&D; c) on fostering partnerships between relevant stakeholders at the national and regional levels; and d) on increasing the preparedness and response of national and regional vaccine R&D systems.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266153
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade ; no. 216 (2022)
    Special series on trade and health
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; vaccines; medical products; R&D; regional cooperation; Asia-Pacific
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Increasing security of supply for critical medical and pharmaceutical goods in the EU
    lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Grumiller, Jan; Grohs, Hannes
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  Austrian Foundation for Development Research - ÖFSE, Vienna

    This Briefing Paper examines the resilience of the medical product and pharmaceutical global value chains. Based on this assessment, policy recommendations are presented to increase supply security, including measures to improve the resilience of... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 469
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This Briefing Paper examines the resilience of the medical product and pharmaceutical global value chains. Based on this assessment, policy recommendations are presented to increase supply security, including measures to improve the resilience of supply chains, and to expand stockpiling. We also highlight that industrial policy measures to promote reshoring should play a more important role, and that coordination on the EU-level is necessary. Given the large differences between products and supply chains within and between sectors, policies need to be tailored to specific products and product groups. Finally yet importantly, repercussions of EU policy on the Global South also need to be taken into account.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231418
    Schriftenreihe: Briefing paper / Austrian Foundation for Development Research ; 29
    Schlagworte: supply chain resilience; reshoring; pharmaceuticals; medical products; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen