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  1. Market concentration in Europe
    evidence from antitrust markets
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    An increasing body of empirical evidence is documenting trends toward rising concentration, profits, and markups in many industries around the world since the 1980s. Two major criticisms of these studies is that concentration and market shares are... mehr

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    An increasing body of empirical evidence is documenting trends toward rising concentration, profits, and markups in many industries around the world since the 1980s. Two major criticisms of these studies is that concentration and market shares are poorly measured at the national industry level while firm level revenues are a poor indicator of product sales. We use a novel database that identifies over 20,000 product/geographic antitrust markets affected by over 2,000 mergers scrutinized by the European Commission between 1995 and 2014. We show that concentration, as measured by the market-specific post-merger HHI, is larger than reported in the extant literature (at least) by a factor of ten. We also show that concentration has increased over time on average. Yet, there is a great deal of heterogeneity across geographic markets and within broader industries. In a regression analysis that exploits this within-industry variation, we show that barriers to entry are unambiguously positively related to concentration irrespective of time periods, sectors of activity, and geographical market dimension analyzed. Strict past merger enforcement negatively correlates with concentration. Yet, this effect is stronger in the earlier decade (1995-2004) than subsequently. Intangibility of investments consistently displays positive correlation with concentration only for EU wide and worldwide services markets. In contrast, the correlation is negative in national markets. This underscores the importance of the large heterogeneity present in concentration developments across markets.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232463
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8866 (2021)
    Schlagworte: concentration; HHI; market definition; entry barriers; mergers; merger control; intangibles
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Assessing EU merger control through compensating efficiencies
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Worldwide, the overwhelming majority of large horizontal mergers are cleared by antitrust authorities unconditionally. The presumption seems to be that efficiencies from these mergers are sizeable. We calculate the compensating efficiencies that... mehr

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    Worldwide, the overwhelming majority of large horizontal mergers are cleared by antitrust authorities unconditionally. The presumption seems to be that efficiencies from these mergers are sizeable. We calculate the compensating efficiencies that would prevent a merger from harming consumers for 1,014 mergers affecting 12,325 antitrust markets scrutinized by the European Commission between 1990 and 2018. Compensating efficiencies seem too large to be achievable for many mergers. Barriers to entry and the number of firms active in the market are the most important factors determining their size. We highlight concerns about the Commission’s merger enforcement being too lax.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248948
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9403 (2021)
    Schlagworte: compensating efficiencies; efficiency gains; merger control; concentration; screens; HHI; mergers; unilateral effects; market definition; entry barriers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Three empirical essays on consumer behavior and competition
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf

    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Fachhochschule Erfurt, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Universität Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover
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    Bibliothek im Kurt-Schwitters-Forum
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Hochschule Osnabrück, Bibliothek Campus Westerberg
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Standort Stendal, Bibliothek
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    UB Weimar
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Haucap, Justus (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Heimeshoff, Ulrich (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schlagworte: competition policy; mobile telecommunication; OTT-messenger; market definition; substitution behavior; market structure; mobile network quality; automobile traffic; negative externalities; willingness to pay; economic policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 132 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020

  4. Market definition and competition policy enforcement in the pharmaceutical industry
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  ECARES, Brussels, Belgium

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315066
    Schriftenreihe: ECARES working paper ; 2020, 49
    Schlagworte: market definition; pharmaceutical industry; competition policy; antitrust
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  5. Horizontal merger analysis
    Autor*in: Kaplow, Louis
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

    Economic analysis of competition regulation is most developed in the domain of horizontal mergers, and modern agency guidelines reflect a substantial consensus on the appropriate template for merger assessment. Nevertheless, official protocols are... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Economic analysis of competition regulation is most developed in the domain of horizontal mergers, and modern agency guidelines reflect a substantial consensus on the appropriate template for merger assessment. Nevertheless, official protocols are understood to rest on a problematic market definition exercise, to use HHIs and ΔHHIs in ways that conflict with standard models, and more broadly to diverge with how economic analysis of proposed mergers should be and often is conducted. These gaps, unfortunately, are more consequential than is generally appreciated. Moreover, additional unrecognized errors and omissions are at least as important: analysis of efficiencies, which are thought to justify a permissive approach, fails to draw on the most relevant fields of economics; entry is often a misanalyzed afterthought; official information collection and decision protocols violate basic tenets of decision analysis; and single-sector, partial equilibrium analysis is employed despite the presence of substantial distortions (many due to imperfect competition) in many sectors of the economy. This article elaborates these deficiencies, offers preliminary analysis of how they can best be addressed, and identifies priorities for further research

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1049 (12/2020)
    Schlagworte: mergers; competition policy; antitrust; market definition; efficiencies; entry; unilateral effects; coordinated effects; general equilibrium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Replacing the structural presumption
    Autor*in: Kaplow, Louis
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1076 (04/2022)
    Schlagworte: structural presumption; horizontal mergers; merger guidelines; market definition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen