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  1. Job search during a pandemic recession: survey evidence from the Netherlands
    Autor*in: Balgova, Maria; Trenkle, Simon; Zimpelmann, Christian; Pestel, Nico
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper studies job search behavior in the midst of a pandemic recession. We use long-running panel data from the Netherlands (LISS) and complement the core survey with our own COVID-specific module, conducted in June 2020, surveying job search... mehr

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    This paper studies job search behavior in the midst of a pandemic recession. We use long-running panel data from the Netherlands (LISS) and complement the core survey with our own COVID-specific module, conducted in June 2020, surveying job search effort of employed as well as unemployed respondents. We estimate an empirical model of job search over the business cycle over the period 2008-2019 to explore the gap between predicted and actual job search behavior in 2020. We find that job search during the pandemic recession differs strongly from previous downturns. The unemployed search significantly less than what we would normally observe during a recession of this size, while the employed search mildly more. Expectations about the duration of the pandemic seem to play a key role in explaining job search effort for the unemployed in 2020. Furthermore, employed subjects affected by changes in employment status due to COVID-19 are more likely to search for a job. Conversely, beliefs about infection risk do not seem to be related to job search in a systematic way.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236211
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14180
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; job search; labor supply; survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The role of incomplete information in shaping policy effects
    evidence from unemployment insurance
    Autor*in: Arni, Patrick; Liu, Xingfei
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Verein für Socialpolitik, [Köln]

    Standard program evaluations implicitly assume that individuals are perfectly informed about the considered policy change and the related institutional rules. This seems not very plausible in many contexts, as diverse examples show. However, evidence... mehr

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    Standard program evaluations implicitly assume that individuals are perfectly informed about the considered policy change and the related institutional rules. This seems not very plausible in many contexts, as diverse examples show. However, evidence on how incomplete information affects the size of measured treatment effects is broadly missing. We exploit a unique set of natural experiments to assess the importance of incomplete information in shaping policy effects. We compare different large-scale quasi-experiments on changing potential benefit duration (PBD) in unemployment insurance (UI). Thereby, we confront the benchmark case, in which individuals are fully informed about their different PBD levels, with cases in which job seekers experience a change of their benefit eligibility without being initially informed. However, in any of the considered cases they face exactly the same size of treatment: an increase or decrease of the PBD by 200 days. We identify the treatment effects around the threshold of age 25 where PBD rules change in the considered Swiss UI system. We find substantial differences in the treatment effects across cases with different information conditions on benefit levels. The differences can be rationalized by a model in which individuals invest different amounts of effort to acquire the necessary information. Quantifications of the impact of incomplete information on the PBD effects demonstrate the policy relevance of this usually ignored issue.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224629
    Schriftenreihe: Jahrestagung 2020 / Verein für Socialpolitik ; 107
    Schlagworte: asymmetric treatment effects; natural experiment; incomplete information; job search; policy evaluation; unemployment insurance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Job placement via private vs. public employment agencies: investigating selection effects and job match quality in Germany
    Autor*in: Ayaita, Adam; Grund, Christian; Pütz, Lisa
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Employment agencies aim to match individuals to appropriate jobs. There are public and private employment agencies, which co-exist in many countries. Selection effects may be relevant in the sense that private agencies potentially engage in... mehr

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    Employment agencies aim to match individuals to appropriate jobs. There are public and private employment agencies, which co-exist in many countries. Selection effects may be relevant in the sense that private agencies potentially engage in 'cream-skimming' by prioritizing highly qualified workers. The resulting job match quality is also important from an individual, a firm, and a society perspective. We examine the selection into job placement via private and public employment agencies as well as the resulting job match qualities, taking a job-market reform in Germany into account: the introduction of vouchers for private job placements. Using representative German panel data, we find that cream-skimming is significantly less pronounced under the voucher policy, as private agencies shift the focus toward unemployed individuals with a voucher. In addition, we find evidence based on propensity score matching estimations that private agencies tend to create better matches than their public counterparts.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231532
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 1121 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Cream-skimming; employment agencies; job match quality; job placement; job search; selection; vouchers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Agglomeration effects on job matching efficiency
    evidence from Japan
    Autor*in: Higashi, Yudai
    Erschienen: February 9, 2021
    Verlag:  Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University ; DP 2021, 03
    Schlagworte: job search; matching function; Agglomeration; local labor market
    Umfang: 16 Blätter
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  5. Labor market transitions of members of opposite-sex couples: nonparticipation, unemployed search, and employment
    Autor*in: Bloemen, Hans G.
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    An empirical analysis of labor market transitions for spouses in couples is implemented. Object of study are transitions between the states of nonparticipation, unemployed search, and employment. Motivated by a model of household search, the emphasis... mehr

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    An empirical analysis of labor market transitions for spouses in couples is implemented. Object of study are transitions between the states of nonparticipation, unemployed search, and employment. Motivated by a model of household search, the emphasis is on spousal variables and interactions. Additionally, a proxy for the business cycle is included in the analysis, and household specific unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. Results show that female transitions into nonparticipation (both out of unemployed search and employment) are positively affected by the husband's income (while no effect is found for transitions out of nonparticipation). Men seem to move from employment into unemployed search easier the higher is the wife's income. Since the wife having an income is in turn strongly accociated with female participation, this suggests that households with a participating wife are better able to deal with unemployment of the husband. A supplementary analysis with reservation wages and numbers of applications points in the same direction. Husbands' reservation wages are only sensitive to his own unemployment income if the wife is nonparticipating. This implies that unemployment benefits have a different role in households with the husband as a sole earner compared to dual earner households.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245724
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14673
    Schlagworte: household behavior and family economics; job search; labor market transitions; panel data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. What happens when employers can no longer discriminate in job ads?
    Autor*in: Kuhn, Peter Joseph; Shen, Kailing
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    When employers' explicit gender requests were unexpectedly removed from a Chinese job board overnight, pools of successful applicants became more integrated: women's (men's) share of call-backs to jobs that had requested men (women) rose by 63 (146)... mehr

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    When employers' explicit gender requests were unexpectedly removed from a Chinese job board overnight, pools of successful applicants became more integrated: women's (men's) share of call-backs to jobs that had requested men (women) rose by 63 (146) percent. The removal 'worked' in this sense because it generated a large increase in gender-mismatched applications, and because those applications were treated surprisingly well by employers. The removal had little or no effect on aggregate matching frictions. The job titles that were integrated however, were not the most gendered ones, and were disproportionately lower-wage jobs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245669
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14618
    Schlagworte: discrimination; gender; recruiting; job search; gender segregation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 119 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Mothers' job search after childbirth
    Autor*in: Lafférs, Lukás; Schmidpeter, Bernhard
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz-Auhof, Austria

    We explore the impact of successful job search after childbirth on mothers' labor market careers. Using a bounding approach and administrative data, we find strong heterogeneity in the returns to leaving the pre-birth employer. Moving to a new... mehr

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    We explore the impact of successful job search after childbirth on mothers' labor market careers. Using a bounding approach and administrative data, we find strong heterogeneity in the returns to leaving the pre-birth employer. Moving to a new employer after childbirth leads to an increase in re-employment earnings only for mothers at the upper part of the earnings distribution. For these mothers, initial job search also increases long-term earnings. We provide evidence that earnings gains are the result of higher geographical mobility and longer commutes to work. Successful mothers are also more likely to move to faster growing firms and firms offering better opportunities to women. Our results do not suggest that husbands play an important role in supporting successful job search of mothers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249042
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz ; no. 2113 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: parental leave; return-to-work; job search; earnings; earnings gaps
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Search and reallocation in the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK
    Autor*in: Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos; Comunello, Camila; Clymo, Alex; Jäckle, Annette; Visschers, Ludo; Zentler-Munro, David
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the UK labour market has been extremely heterogeneous, with strong variation both by occupation and industrial sector. The extent to which workers adjust their job search behaviour in response to this... mehr

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    The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the UK labour market has been extremely heterogeneous, with strong variation both by occupation and industrial sector. The extent to which workers adjust their job search behaviour in response to this reallocation of employment has an important bearing on the future course of the labour market. At an aggregate level we see evidence consistent with search responding to changes to the state of the economy. In particular, changes to job search by employees are closely linked to changes in vacancies, and we also see ows from unemployment to inactivity peak at the same time as vacancies bottom-out. A key novelty in this paper is that we can additionally see whether the link between job search and changing employment patterns holds at a micro level, using the COVID supplement of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey, which shows the industries and occupations targeted by job searchers. The vast majority of job searchers target growing occupations and industries, which suggests job searchers are responding to conditions at a micro as well as macro level. This is also suggested by the fact that job searchers who were in occupations that expanded in the pandemic seek to switch occupations less frequently than those in shrinking occupations.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245633
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14582
    Schlagworte: job search; sectoral mobility; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Mothers' job search after childbirth
    Autor*in: Lafférs, Lukás; Schmidpeter, Bernhard
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We explore the impact of successful job search after childbirth on mothers' labor market careers. Using a bounding approach and administrative data, we find strong heterogeneity in the returns to leaving the pre-birth employer. Moving to a new... mehr

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    We explore the impact of successful job search after childbirth on mothers' labor market careers. Using a bounding approach and administrative data, we find strong heterogeneity in the returns to leaving the pre-birth employer. Moving to a new employer after childbirth leads to an increase in re-employment earnings only for mothers at the upper part of the earnings distribution. For these mothers, initial job search also increases long-term earnings. We provide evidence that earnings gains are the result of higher geographical mobility and longer commutes to work. Successful mothers are also more likely to move to faster growing firms and firms offering better opportunities to women. Our results do not suggest that husbands play an important role in supporting successful job search of mothers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245644
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14593
    Schlagworte: parental leave; return-to-work; job search; earnings; earnings gaps
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Coworker networks and the role of occupations in job finding
    Autor*in: Gyetvai, Attila; Zhu, Maria
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Which former coworkers help displaced workers find jobs? We answer this question by studying occupational similarity in job finding networks. Using matched employer-employee data from Hungary, this paper relates the unemployment duration of displaced... mehr

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    Which former coworkers help displaced workers find jobs? We answer this question by studying occupational similarity in job finding networks. Using matched employer-employee data from Hungary, this paper relates the unemployment duration of displaced workers to the employment rate of their former coworker networks. We find that while coworkers from all occupations are helpful in job finding, there is significant heterogeneity in effects by occupation skill-level. For workers in low-skill jobs, coworkers who worked in the same narrow occupation as the displaced worker are the most useful network contacts. For workers in high-skill jobs, coworkers from different occupations are the most useful network contacts.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245666
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14615
    Schlagworte: networks; job search; former coworkers; unemployment duration; skill heterogeneity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The gender application gap: do men and women apply for the same jobs?
    Autor*in: Fluchtmann, Jonas; Glenny, Anita M.; Harmon, Nikolaj A.; Maibom, Jonas
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Men and women tend to hold different jobs. Are these differences present already in the types of jobs men and women apply for? Using administrative data on job applications made by the universe of Danish UI recipients, we provide evidence on gender... mehr

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    Men and women tend to hold different jobs. Are these differences present already in the types of jobs men and women apply for? Using administrative data on job applications made by the universe of Danish UI recipients, we provide evidence on gender differences in applied-for jobs for the broader labor market. Across a range of job characteristics, we find large gender gaps in the share of applications going to different types of jobs even among observationally similar men and women. In a standard decomposition, gender differences in applications can explain more than 70 percent of the residual gender wage gap.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250567
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14906
    Schlagworte: job search; wage decomposition; firm wage premium; gender earnings gap
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Equilibrium worker-firm allocations and the deadweight losses of taxation
    Autor*in: Bagger, Jesper; Moen, Espen R.; Vejlin, Rune Majlund
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We analyse the deadweight losses of tax-induced labor misallocation in an equilibrium model of the labour market where workers search to climb a job ladder and firms post vacancies. Workers differ in abilities. Jobs differ in productivities and... mehr

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    We analyse the deadweight losses of tax-induced labor misallocation in an equilibrium model of the labour market where workers search to climb a job ladder and firms post vacancies. Workers differ in abilities. Jobs differ in productivities and amenities. A planner uses affine tax functions to finance lump-sum transfers to all workers and unemployment benefits. The competitive search equilibrium maximizes after-tax utility subject to resource constraints and the tax policy. A higher tax rate distorts search effort, job ranking and vacancy creation. Distortions vary on the job ladder, but always result in deadweight losses. We calibrate the model using matched employer-employee data from Denmark. The marginal deadweight loss is 33 percent of the tax base, and primarily arise from distorted search effort and vacancy creation. Steeply rising deadweight losses from distorted vacancy creation imply that the deadweight loss in the calibrated economy exceeds those incurred by very inequality averse social planners.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250526
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14865
    Schlagworte: deadweight loss; optimal taxation; redistribution; labour allocation; job search; job ranking; vacancy creation; amenities; matched employer-employee data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The welfare effects of mandatory reemployment programs: combining a structural model and experimental data
    Autor*in: Maibom, Jonas
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper estimates a structural model of job search which accounts for utility costs and benefits linked to mandatory reemployment programs. The estimation uses data from a randomized experiment which generates exogenous variation in the threat of... mehr

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    This paper estimates a structural model of job search which accounts for utility costs and benefits linked to mandatory reemployment programs. The estimation uses data from a randomized experiment which generates exogenous variation in the threat of program participation. I use the compensating variation (CV) as a measure of the impact of the experimental treatment on worker welfare, the welfare costs. I find that participants would be willing to give up 1.5–1.7 weeks of UI on average to avoid participation in the program, although the program has a positive effect on the job finding rate. Welfare costs vary across workers and are found to be larger for workers with weaker employment prospects. Overall, the analysis shows that the welfare costs are substantial and therefore necessary to take into account when evaluating the case for mandatory reemployment programs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250527
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14866
    Schlagworte: unemployment; job search; activation; active labor market program
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Equilibrium job turnover and the business cycle
    Autor*in: Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos; Clymo, Alex; Coles, Melvyn Glyn
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper develops and estimates a fully microfounded equilibrium business cycle model of the US labor market with aggregate productivity shocks. Those microfoundations are consistent with evidence regarding the underlying distribution of firm... mehr

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    This paper develops and estimates a fully microfounded equilibrium business cycle model of the US labor market with aggregate productivity shocks. Those microfoundations are consistent with evidence regarding the underlying distribution of firm growth rates across firms [by age and size] and, when aggregated, are consistent with macro-evidence regarding gross job creation and job destruction flows over the cycle. By additionally incorporating on-the-job search, we systematically characterise the stochastic relationships between aggregate job creation and job destruction flows across firms, gross hire and quit flows [churning] by workers across firms, as well as the persistence and volatility of unemployment and worker job finding rates over the cycle.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250530
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14869
    Schlagworte: job search; firm dynamics; business cycle
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Wage and employment discrimination by gender in labor market equilibrium
    Autor*in: Xiao, Pengpeng
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  VATT Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki

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    ISBN: 9789522742780
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    Schriftenreihe: VATT working papers ; 144
    Schlagworte: Gender wage gap; statistical discrimination; human capital; job search; child penalty; non-wage amenities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Job placement via private vs. public employment agencies: investigating selection effects and job match quality in Germany
    Autor*in: Ayaita, Adam; Grund, Christian; Pütz, Lisa
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Employment agencies aim to match individuals to appropriate jobs. There are public and private employment agencies, which co-exist in many countries. Selection effects may be relevant in the sense that private agencies potentially engage in... mehr

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    Employment agencies aim to match individuals to appropriate jobs. There are public and private employment agencies, which co-exist in many countries. Selection effects may be relevant in the sense that private agencies potentially engage in 'cream-skimming' by prioritizing highly qualified workers. The resulting job match quality is also important from an individual, a firm, and a society perspective. We examine the selection into job placement via private and public employment agencies as well as the resulting job match qualities, taking a job-market reform in Germany into account: the introduction of placement vouchers for private job placements. Using representative German panel data, we find that cream-skimming is significantly less pronounced under the voucher policy, as private agencies shift the focus toward unemployed individuals with a voucher. In addition, we find evidence based on propensity score matching estimations that private agencies tend to create better matches than their public counterparts.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232776
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14024
    Schlagworte: cream-skimming; job match quality; job placement; job search; private employment agencies; public employment agency; selection; vouchers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Eliciting time preferences when income and consumption vary
    theory, validation & application to job search
    Autor*in: Belot, Michèle; Kircher, Philipp; Muller, Paul
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    We propose a simple method for eliciting individual time preferences without estimating utility functions even in settings where background consumption changes over time. It relies on lottery tickets with high rewards. In a standard intertemporal... mehr

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    We propose a simple method for eliciting individual time preferences without estimating utility functions even in settings where background consumption changes over time. It relies on lottery tickets with high rewards. In a standard intertemporal choice model high rewards decouple lottery choices from variation in background consumption. We validate our elicitation method experimentally on two student samples: one asked in December when their current budget is reduced by extraordinary expenditures for Christmas gifts; the other asked in February when no such extra constraints exist. We illustrate an application of our method with unemployed job seekers which naturally have income/consumption variation.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2021, 013
    Schlagworte: time preferences; experimental elicitation; job search; hyperbolic discounting
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Mandatory integration agreements for unemployed job seekers: a randomized controlled field experiment in Germany
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Hofmann, Barbara; Stephan, Gesine; Uhlendorff, Arne
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In the German unemployment insurance system, Integration Agreements (IA) are mandatory contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, jointly signed by the latter and the caseworker. IAs stipulate rights and obligations but are generally... mehr

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    In the German unemployment insurance system, Integration Agreements (IA) are mandatory contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, jointly signed by the latter and the caseworker. IAs stipulate rights and obligations but are generally perceived as instruments to control search behavior. We designed and implemented a Randomized Controlled Trial involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, where we randomize the timing of the IA as well as the extent to which this timing is announced prior to the meeting. Randomization is at the individual level. We use administrative registers to observe outcomes. A theoretical analysis of anticipation of prior announcements provides suggestions to empirically detect this. The results show that IAs early in the spell have on average a small positive effect on entering employment within a year. When classifying individuals using an employability indicator, we find that this result is driven by individuals with adverse prospects. Among them, being assigned to an early IA increases the probability of re-employment within a year from 45% to 53%.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232778
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14026
    Schlagworte: unemployment; monitoring; job search; active labor market policy; nudge; anticipation; randomized controlled trial
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Job search and hiring with two-sided limited information about workseekers' skills
    Autor*in: Carranza Noguera, Eliana; Garlick, Robert; Orkin, Kate; Rankin, Neil
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We present field experimental evidence that limited information about workseekers' skills distorts both firm and workseeker behavior. Assessing workseekers' skills, giving workseekers their assessment results, and helping them to credibly share the... mehr

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    We present field experimental evidence that limited information about workseekers' skills distorts both firm and workseeker behavior. Assessing workseekers' skills, giving workseekers their assessment results, and helping them to credibly share the results with firms increases workseekers' employment and earnings. It also aligns their beliefs and search strategies more closely with their skills. Giving assessment results only to workseekers has similar effects on beliefs and search, but smaller effects on employment and earnings. Giving assessment results only to firms increases callbacks. These patterns are consistent with two-sided information frictions, a new finding that can inform the design of information-provision mechanisms.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14529
    Schlagworte: skills; job search; employment; wages; labor markets; active labor market
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Mothers' job search after childbirth
    Autor*in: Lafférs, Lukás; Schmidpeter, Bernhard
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    We explore the impact of successful job search after childbirth on mothers’ labor market careers. Using a bounding approach and administrative data, we find strong heterogeneity in the returns to leaving the pre-birth employer. Moving to a new... mehr

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    We explore the impact of successful job search after childbirth on mothers’ labor market careers. Using a bounding approach and administrative data, we find strong heterogeneity in the returns to leaving the pre-birth employer. Moving to a new employer after childbirth leads to an increase in re-employment earnings only for mothers at the upper part of the earnings distribution. For these mothers, initial job search also increases long-term earnings. We provide evidence that earnings gains are the result of higher geographical mobility and longer commutes to work. Successful mothers are also more likely to move to faster growing firms and firms offering better opportunities to women. Our results do not suggest that husbands play an important role in supporting successful job search of mothers. Wir untersuchen die Auswirkung erfolgreichen Arbeitssuche nach der Geburt auf die Karriere von Müttern. Unter Verwendung eines Bounding-Ansatzes und administrativer Daten finden wir starke Heterogenität in den Einkommenseffekten eines Arbeitgeberwechsels nach der Geburt. Der Wechsel zu einem neuen Arbeitgeber nach der Geburt führt nur bei Müttern im oberen Teil der Einkommensverteilung zu einem Anstieg des Wiederbeschäftigungseinkommen. Für diese Mütter erhöht die erfolgreiche Arbeitssuche nach der Geburt auch den langfristigen Verdienst. Wir zeigen, dass dieser Einkommensanstieg zum Teil durch höhere geografische Mobilität und längerer Pendeldauer zum Arbeitsplatz erklärt werden kann. Erfolgreiche Mütter wechseln auch wahrscheinlicher zu schneller wachsenden Firmen und zu Firmen, die Frauen bessere Karrierechancen bieten. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten nicht darauf hin, dass Ehemänner die Arbeitssuche von Müttern besonders unterstützen.

     
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    ISBN: 9783969730614
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235893
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #915
    Schlagworte: Parental leave; return-to-work; job search; earnings; earnings gaps
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Eliciting time preferences when income and consumption vary: theory, validation & application to job search
    Autor*in: Belot, Michèle; Kircher, Philipp; Muller, Paul
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We propose a simple method for eliciting individual time preferences without estimating utility functions even in settings where background consumption changes over time. It relies on lottery tickets with high rewards. In a standard intertemporal... mehr

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    We propose a simple method for eliciting individual time preferences without estimating utility functions even in settings where background consumption changes over time. It relies on lottery tickets with high rewards. In a standard intertemporal choice model high rewards decouple lottery choices from variation in background consumption. We validate our elicitation method experimentally on two student samples: one asked in December when their current budget is reduced by extraordinary expenditures for Christmas gifts; the other asked in February when no such extra constraints exist. We illustrate an application of our method with unemployed job seekers which naturally have income/consumption variation.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232843
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14091
    Schlagworte: time preferences; experimental elicitation; job search; hyperbolic discounting
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Unemployment duration and the take-up of unemployment insurance
    Autor*in: Blasco, Sylvie; Fontaine, François
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A large fraction of the eligible unemployed workers does not claim for unemployment insurance (UI) and, among claimants, many do not register immediately upon layoff. This paper argues that, to understand this intriguing phenomenon, one needs to... mehr

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    A large fraction of the eligible unemployed workers does not claim for unemployment insurance (UI) and, among claimants, many do not register immediately upon layoff. This paper argues that, to understand this intriguing phenomenon, one needs to model jointly job search and take-up efforts and to allow for heterogeneity in both dimensions. Estimating such a model using French administrative data, we find substantial heterogeneity in both search and claiming frictions. If half of the sample faces high claiming frictions, many have good employment prospects and exit unemployment quickly. The burden of the claiming difficulties is concentrated on 10% of the sample that suffers both from claiming and job search difficulties. For that reason, the alleviation of the complexity of the claiming process is likely to have very heterogenous effects but little effect on aggregate unemployment duration. Additionally we show that the link between claiming and job search efforts has important implications when measuring how UI parameters impact unemployment duration.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232790
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14038
    Schlagworte: unemployment insurance; take-up; job search
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Can subsidized employment tackle long-term unemployment?
    experimental evidence from North Macedonia
    Autor*in: Armand, Alex; Carneiro, Pedro; Tagliati, Federico; Xia, Yiming
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2022
    Schlagworte: active labor market policy; unemployment; wage subsidies; job search
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Mandatory integration agreements for unemployed job seekers: a randomized controlled field experiment in Germany
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Hofmann, Barbara; Stephan, Gesine; Uhlendorff, Arne
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    Integration Agreement (IA) are contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, nudging the latter to comply with rules on search behavior. We designed and implemented an RCT involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, randomizing at... mehr

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    Integration Agreement (IA) are contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, nudging the latter to comply with rules on search behavior. We designed and implemented an RCT involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, randomizing at the individual level both the timing of the IA and whether it is announced in advance. Administrative registers provide outcomes. Novel theoretical and methodological analyses provide tools to detect anticipation and suggest estimation by individual baseline employability. A small positive effect on entering employment is driven by individuals with adverse prospects. For them, early IA increase re-employment within a year from 45% to 53%.

     
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    hdl: 10419/246039
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2021, 4
    Schlagworte: unemployment; monitoring; job search; active labor market policy; nudge; anticipation; randomized controlled trial
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Search and reallocation in the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK
    Autor*in: Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos; Comunello, Camila; Clymo, Alex; Jäckle, Annette; Visschers, Ludo; Zentler-Munro, David
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the UK labour market has been extremely heterogeneous across occupation and industrial sectors. Using novel data on job search, we document how individuals adjust their job search behaviour in response to... mehr

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    The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the UK labour market has been extremely heterogeneous across occupation and industrial sectors. Using novel data on job search, we document how individuals adjust their job search behaviour in response to changing employment patterns across occupations and industries in the UK. We observe that workers changed their search direction in favour of expanding occupations and industries as the pandemic developed. This suggests job searchers do respond to occupation-wide and industry-wide conditions in addition to idiosyncratic career concerns. However, non-employed workers and those with low education levels are more attached to their previous occupations and more likely to target declining ones. We also see workers from declining occupations making fewer transitions to expanding occupations than those who start in such occupations, despite targeting these jobs relatively frequently. This suggests those at the margins of the labour market may be least able to escape occupations that declined during the pandemic.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252138
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9621 (2022)
    Schlagworte: job search; occupation mobility; industry mobility; Covid-19 pandemic
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen