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  1. The specter of the Giant Three
    Erschienen: June 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25914
    Schlagworte: Investmentfonds; Unternehmenskonzentration; Unternehmenserfolg; Kapitalbeteiligung; Aktiengesellschaft; index funds
    Umfang: 19 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  2. The specter of the Giant Three
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

    This Article examines the large, steady, and continuing growth of the Big Three index fund managers—BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street Global Advisors. We show that there is a real prospect that index funds will continue to grow, and that voting... mehr

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    This Article examines the large, steady, and continuing growth of the Big Three index fund managers—BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street Global Advisors. We show that there is a real prospect that index funds will continue to grow, and that voting in most significant public companies will come to be dominated by the future "Giant Three." We begin by analyzing the drivers of the rise of the Big Three, including the structural factors that are leading to the heavy concentration of the index funds sector. We then provide empirical evidence about the past growth and current status of the Big Three, and their likely growth into the Giant Three. Among other things, we document that the Big Three have almost quadrupled their collective ownership stake in S&P 500 companies over the past two decades; that they have captured the overwhelming majority of the inflows into the asset management industry over the past decade; that each of them now manages 5% or more of the shares in a vast number of public companies; and that they collectively cast an average of about 25% of the votes at S&P 500 companies. We then extrapolate from past trends to estimate the future growth of the Big Three. We estimate that the Big Three could well cast as much as 40% of the votes in S&P 500 companies within two decades. Policymakers and others must recognize - and must take seriously - the prospect of a Giant Three scenario. The plausibility of this scenario exacerbates concerns about the problems with index fund incentives that we identify and document in other work.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Last revised: May 2019
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1004 (05/2019)
    Schlagworte: Investmentfonds; Unternehmenskonzentration; Unternehmenserfolg; Kapitalbeteiligung; Aktiengesellschaft; index funds
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Forthcoming in Boston University Law Review, Vol. 99 (2019). - This paper is also Discussion Paper 2019-8 of the Harvard Law School Program on Corporate Governance

  3. Closet active management of passive funds
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  [University of Toronto - Rotman School of Management], [Toronto]

    Ostensibly passive index funds and ETFs are surprisingly active. A third of these funds exhibit more activeness than the median actively managed fund, as measured by conventional proxies. Using hand-collected prospectus data, we find that "passive"... mehr

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    Ostensibly passive index funds and ETFs are surprisingly active. A third of these funds exhibit more activeness than the median actively managed fund, as measured by conventional proxies. Using hand-collected prospectus data, we find that "passive" funds offer an increasingly wide assortment of styles and provide more extreme factor exposures than active funds. We also identify a new dimension of activeness: the use of an index that is explicitly proprietary to the index fund or ETF. In contrast with actively managed funds, more active index funds and ETFs---"closet activists"---underperform. A one-standard deviation increase in activeness is associated with a 55 basis-point decrease in annual alpha. Our results point to the increasingly blurred line between "active" and "passive" funds

     

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    Schriftenreihe: [Rotman School of Management working paper ; no. 3874582]
    Schlagworte: exchange-traded funds; index funds; active and passive asset management; benchmarks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Common ownership and the (non-)transparency of institutional shareholdings
    an EU-US comparison
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, [Frankfurt am Main]

    This paper compares the extent of common ownership in the US and the EU stock markets, with a particular focus on differences in the applicable ownership transparency requirements. Most empirical research on common ownership to date has focused on US... mehr

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    This paper compares the extent of common ownership in the US and the EU stock markets, with a particular focus on differences in the applicable ownership transparency requirements. Most empirical research on common ownership to date has focused on US issuers, largely relying on ownership data obtained from institutional investors’ 13F filings. This type of data is generally not available for EU issuers. Absent 13F filings, researchers have to use ownership records sourced from mutual funds’ periodic reports and blockholder disclosures. Constructing a “reduced dataset” that seeks to capture only ownership information available for both EU and US issuers, I demonstrate that the “extra” ownership information introduced by 13F filings is substantial. However, even when taking differences in the transparency situation into due account, common ownership among listed EU firms is much less pronounced than among listed US firms by any measure. This is true even if the analysis is limited to non-controlled firms.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: SAFE working paper ; no. 354 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: common ownership; profit weights; ownership disclosure; 13Ffilings; index funds; passive investors; institutional investors; Big Three
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Big three power, and why it matters
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1087 (12/2022)
    Schlagworte: index funds; passive investing; institutional investors; ETFs; Big Three; stewardship; engagement; monitoring; shareholder activism; corporate voting; ownership concentration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten)
  6. Hunger-Macher? Fehl-Alarm!
    zur Chronologie einer wirtschaftsethischen Intervention
    Autor*in: Pies, Ingo
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsethik an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle

    Im Jahr 2012 äußerten zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen den Verdacht, dass die Geschäfte von Indexfonds auf den Terminmärkten für Agrarrohstoffe die Hungerkrisen in armen Ländern hervorgerufen oder verstärkt hätten. Sie erhoben radikale... mehr

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    Im Jahr 2012 äußerten zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen den Verdacht, dass die Geschäfte von Indexfonds auf den Terminmärkten für Agrarrohstoffe die Hungerkrisen in armen Ländern hervorgerufen oder verstärkt hätten. Sie erhoben radikale Forderungen, diese Art von Agrarspekulation rundherum zu verbieten oder zumindest regulativ stark einzuschränken. Dieser Artikel zeichnet die Debatte nach und erläutert, warum dieser zivilgesellschaftliche Alarm als Fehl-Alarm einzustufen war – und aus heutiger Sicht nach wie vor so einzustufen ist. Diskutiert werden die ökonomischen und wirtschaftsethischen Argumente, die seinerzeit gegen diese Forderungen ins Feld geführt wurden. Zudem wird die Frage aufgeworfen, wie die Selbstkorrekturkräfte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Sektors gestärkt werden könnten. In 2012, civil society organizations raised suspicions that the operations of index funds in the futures markets for agricultural commodities had caused or intensified hunger crises in poor countries. They raised radical demands to ban such agricultural speculation or at least to severely restrict it via regulation. This article traces the debate and explains why this civil society alarm was – and still is – to be classified as a false alarm . It discusses the economic and ethical arguments that were put forward against these demands at the time. It also raises the question of how the self-correction capacities of the civil society sector could be strengthened.

     

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    Sprache: Deutsch
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    ISBN: 9783966701242
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/253626
    Schriftenreihe: Diskussionspapier des Lehrstuhls für Wirtschaftsethik an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg ; 2022, Nr. 07
    Schlagworte: Ordonomik; Wirtschaftsethik; Indexfonds; zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen; Agrarspekulation; Hunger; Diskursversagen; ordonomics; business ethics; index funds; civil society organizations; agricultural speculation; hunger; discourse failure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 30 Seiten, 0,67 MB)
  7. Seven Gaping Holes in Our Knowledge of Corporate Governance
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    In Closer Look, we highlight significant “holes” in our knowledge of corporate governance. These are central issues where insufficient or inadequate study has left us unable to answer basic questions, and where key assumptions relied upon by experts... mehr

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    In Closer Look, we highlight significant “holes” in our knowledge of corporate governance. These are central issues where insufficient or inadequate study has left us unable to answer basic questions, and where key assumptions relied upon by experts have not been verified or validated. While the concepts we review are not exhaustive, each is critical to our understanding of the proper functioning of governance, including board oversight, the recruitment of CEO talent, the size and structure of CEO pay, and the advancement of shareholder and stakeholder welfare. We ask:• What practices make a board effective? • What are the real factors that determine whether a director is “independent?” • How scarce is CEO talent, and how efficient is the labor market for CEOs? • How much value is a CEO directly responsible for creating and how much pay should they be offered? • Are companies currently aligning pay and performance in the right way?• Does the composition of a company’s shareholder base influence the decisions the board and management make?• What role should stakeholder needs play in corporate decision making? Would outcomes improve (or be worse) if more investment were made toward ESG?

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper
    Schlagworte: Corporate governance; board quality; board structure; board of directors; independence; labor market for CEO talent; CEO succession; succession planning; CEO compensation; pay levels; executive pay; pay for performance; pay mix; shareholder base; activist shareholders; index funds; passive sharehold
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p)
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    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments April 11, 2023 erstellt

  8. Voting choice
    Erschienen: 26 August 2023
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18397
    Schlagworte: Aktienstimmrecht; Anlegerschutz; Fondsmanagement; Wahlverhalten; Führungskräfte; Anlageverhalten; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Neue politische Ökonomie; voting; delegation; voting choice; pass-through voting; ESG; index funds; aggregation of information; heterogeneous preferences; externalities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The mysterious growing value of S&P 500 membership
    Erschienen: 2001
    Verlag:  NBER, Cambridge, Mass.

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 8654
    Schlagworte: Aktienfonds; Aktienindex; Kapitaleinkommen; Effizienzmarkthypothese; USA; index funds; Efficient market theory; Indexation (Economics); Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index
    Umfang: 35, [13] S, graph. Darst
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    Internetausg.: papers.nber.org/papers/w8654.pdf - lizenzpflichtig

    Literaturverz. S. 34 - 36