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  1. The welfare effects of financial inclusion in Ghana
    an exploration based on a multidimensional measure of financial inclusion
    Autor*in: Iddrisu, Abdul Malik; Danquah, Michael
    Erschienen: September 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Using a nationally representative household survey data set from Ghana, this paper provides empirical evidence regarding the role of financial inclusion or financial exclusion in household welfare. We first compute a multidimensional index of... mehr

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    Using a nationally representative household survey data set from Ghana, this paper provides empirical evidence regarding the role of financial inclusion or financial exclusion in household welfare. We first compute a multidimensional index of financial inclusion, and then we examine the effect of financial inclusion on household welfare. The study finds that households suffering financial deprivation have lower welfare compared with their financially included counterparts. Also, we observe that poor households experience much larger welfare effects of financial inclusion relative to non-poor households, indicating the potential of financial inclusion for reducing income inequality. Thus, policies that aim to deepen the extent of financial inclusion would be important in the quest to reduce the incidence of poverty and vulnerability as well as inequality.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670863
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248360
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 146
    Schlagworte: financial inclusion; financial exclusion; financial deprivation; household welfare; Ghana
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Investing in risky inputs in Senegal
    implications for farm profit and food production
    Autor*in: Goundan, Anatole; Faye, Amy; Henning, Christian H. C. A.; Collins-Sowah, Peron A.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kiel, Kiel

    While the productivity effects of the application of modern inputs, such as im- proved seeds or inorganic fertilizer, are well known, farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa tended to underinvest in purchased inputs. This underinvestment appears related to the... mehr

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    While the productivity effects of the application of modern inputs, such as im- proved seeds or inorganic fertilizer, are well known, farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa tended to underinvest in purchased inputs. This underinvestment appears related to the unpredictable nature of agricultural production that is subject to risks and shocks. Farmers make production decisions before climatic and other shocks are realized. They, therefore, have no certainty about the outcome of their decisions. This makes investments in agricultural inputs very risky. This paper uses recent data for Senegal to identify the main drivers of the decision to purchase risky inputs (seeds and/or fertilizers), the level of investment and to quantify the impact of the use of risky inputs on household welfare. Using a Heck- man model, results show that the main drivers of the decision to purchase risky inputs include household composition, farmer organization, farm size, access to livestock income, and crop diversification. Drivers of the level of investment in risky inputs are gender, extension services, farm size, agricultural capital, and cropping patterns. Using an endogenous switching regression, we find a positive impact on the adoption of risky inputs on farm profit per hectare, and food available from production. The expected impact for non-adopters is found to be higher than that for adopters because they are involved in rice production (which is more responsive to inputs use) and in millet production (which is central for food security).

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers of agricultural policy ; WP2020, 07
    Schlagworte: Risky inputs; purchased fertilizers; purchased seeds; household welfare; Senegal
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten)
  3. The distributional implications of the impact of fuel price increases on inflation
    Autor*in: Kpodar, Roland Kangni; Liu, Boya
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to... mehr

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    This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781616356156
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 271
    Schlagworte: Fuel prices; inflation; local projections; household welfare; Deflation; Inflation; Price Level; Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles; Redistributive Effects; Taxation and Subsidies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Universal Primary Education and household welfare in Tanzania
    Autor*in: Donath, Livini; Morrissey, Oliver; Owens, Trudy
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham, Nottingham

    This is an update of Donath et al. (CRP 21/04) which assessed the effect of the 2001 Universal Primary Education (UPE) in Tanzania on the welfare difference between youth (aged 15-35 according to the official definition) and adult (aged over 35)... mehr

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    This is an update of Donath et al. (CRP 21/04) which assessed the effect of the 2001 Universal Primary Education (UPE) in Tanzania on the welfare difference between youth (aged 15-35 according to the official definition) and adult (aged over 35) headed households in 2018. As anybody aged over 25 in 2018 would not have derived full benefit of UPE from 2001, this paper examines whether the welfare difference comparing 2001 and 2018 between households headed by youth aged 15-25 and adults (aged over 35) is attributable to differences in educational attainment following the nationwide 2001 UPE. Household budget survey data for 2001 and 2018 are used to estimate the effect of education on household welfare (measured as consumption relative to the poverty line), availing of the fact that youth in 2018 (aged 15-25) will have benefitted from the UPE. Decomposition analysis reveals that the increase in youth educational attainment by 2018 is a significant factor explaining the increase in welfare of youth headed households between 2001 and 2018. If the youth in 2001 had the same education endowment as their 2018 counterparts, their relative welfare would have been about a quarter higher. The findings also show that differences in educational attainment are significant factors explaining differences in welfare between youth and adults in each year. If adults had the same level of educational attainment as the youth, their welfare would have been about a third higher in 2001 and 2018. Expanding access to education had a positive effect on welfare.

     
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    hdl: 10419/268013
    Schriftenreihe: CREDIT research paper ; no. 22, 02
    Schlagworte: Universal Primary Education; youth; household welfare; Tanzania
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Evaluating the impacts of minigrid electrification in sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Ayhan, Sinem H.; Falchetta, Giacomo; Steckel, Jan Christoph
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A large share of the population of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) lacks access to modern energy services. To bridge the electricity access gap, distributed power generation systems such as minigrids and stand-alone photovoltaic systems emerge as attractive... mehr

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    A large share of the population of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) lacks access to modern energy services. To bridge the electricity access gap, distributed power generation systems such as minigrids and stand-alone photovoltaic systems emerge as attractive options in the power supply solution space. In this study, we analyze the impact of minigrid electrification on household welfare and agricultural development across SSA countries. The empirical analysis makes use of a novel geocoded database covering 1,888 minigrid projects from 27 SSA countries, which is merged with various data sources including satellite-based nighttime light data, vegetation health index, and Demographic and Health Surveys. Our results indicate that minigrid electrification is positively associated with households' electricity uptake, ownership of low-power home appliances, and agricultural employment and productivity, while being effective in changing neither overall labor market outcomes nor the choice of cooking fuels.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265687
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15466
    Schlagworte: electricity access; minigrids; household welfare; agriculture; sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The consumer price effects of specific trade policy restrictions in South Africa
    Autor*in: Edwards, Lawrence; Ismail, Zaakirah; Kamutando, Godfrey; Mambara, Simbarashe; Stern, Matthew; Venter, Fouche
    Erschienen: 18 November 2022
    Verlag:  Economic Research and Statistics Department, South African Reserve Bank, Pretoria

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    Schriftenreihe: South African Reserve Bank working paper series ; WP, 22, 15
    Schlagworte: Trade policy; consumer prices; tariff pass-through; household welfare; South Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Resilience against the pandemic
    the impact of COVID-19 on migration and household welfare in Tajikistan : study on remittances and household finances in the Philippines and Tajikistan
    Autor*in: Shimizutani, Satoshi; Yamada, Eiji
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  JICA Ogata Sadako Research Institute for Peace and Development, Tokyo, Japan

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    Schriftenreihe: JICA Ogata Research Institute working paper ; no. 218 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; remittance; migration; Tajikistan; household welfare
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten)
  8. Social protection and resilience
    the case of the productive safety net program in Ethiopia
    Autor*in: Abay, Kibrom A.; Abay, Mehari H.; Berhane, Guush; Chamberlin, Jordan
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 02086 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: Food security; household welfare; resilience; social protection; Ethiopia; PSNP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The distributional implications of the impact of fuel price increases on inflation
    Autor*in: Kpodar, Roland Kangni; Liu, Boya
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to... mehr

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    This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 271
    Schlagworte: Fuel prices; inflation; local projections; household welfare; Deflation; Inflation; Price Level; Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles; Redistributive Effects; Taxation and Subsidies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. A 2019 Social Accounting Matrix for Kenya including malaria epidemiological and agroecological zones
    Autor*in: Hamad Mohammed, Zuhal Elnour; Siddig, Khalid; Grethe, Harald
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin

    This paper documents the development of a 2019 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Kenya. A special feature of this SAM is its spatial disaggregation according to malaria epidemiological and agroecological zones. It is built using data from the Kenya... mehr

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    This paper documents the development of a 2019 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Kenya. A special feature of this SAM is its spatial disaggregation according to malaria epidemiological and agroecological zones. It is built using data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (e.g., the economic survey 2021 and the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census), the Central Bank of Kenya (i.e., the Diaspora Remittances Survey), the Kenya Ministry of Health (i.e., the Kenya Malaria Strategy 2019-2023), the 2019 SAM for Kenya, constructed by Thurlow (2021), and the 2017 Kenyan SAM, developed by Ferrari et al. (2020). Compared to the existing Kenyan SAMs, this SAM has two vital features. First, it includes 30 labour categories, disaggregated by skill levels and malaria epidemiological and agroecological zones. Second, households are classified into 40 representative groups according to residence place, income quantiles, and malaria epidemiological and agroecological zones. Consequently, this SAM is a valuable database for conducting economy-wide analysis of health policies, e.g., assessing the implications of implementing malaria control and elimination strategies or changes in labour availability due to malaria effects on morbidity and mortality.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics ; no. 103 (2022)
    Schlagworte: social accounting matrix; malaria; economic structure; household welfare; human health; public health strategy; policy analysis; Kenya
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Chinese development assistance and household welfare in sub‐Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Martorano, Bruno; Metzger, Laura; Sanfilippo, Marco
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2018, 012
    Schlagworte: OECD-DAC; Aid Allocation; aid effectiveness; China; Africa; emerging donors; project level; household welfare; DHS; geocoded data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Modernizing smallholder agriculture and achieving food security
    an exploration in machinery services and labor reallocation in China
    Autor*in: Zou, Baoling; Mishra, Ashok K.
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Worldwide, most farms are small and family-operated. This study discusses the future of smallholder agriculture in China, where most farms are small, and farms' parcels are fragmented. The study puts forward a framework of vertical division of labor... mehr

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    Worldwide, most farms are small and family-operated. This study discusses the future of smallholder agriculture in China, where most farms are small, and farms' parcels are fragmented. The study puts forward a framework of vertical division of labor and specialized production in agriculture. We posit that hiring machinery services could be a pathway to connect smallholders with modern agriculture and achieve food security in China. Using household-level data from China, this study examines the impact of hiring machinery services on farm productivity, food security, and rural households' welfare. Findings show that mechanization services increased rural Chinese families' food security and agricultural productivity. Hiring machinery services improves smallholders' income by influencing the input efficiency of maize production. At the same time, increased mechanization implied greater participation in off-farm work. In other words, more family labor and time are allocated to off-farm work, which results in higher total income and increased consumption expenditures. Our findings highlight the importance of technology to improve smallholder agriculture and food security, not only in China but also in other South and Southeast Asian countries.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17008
    Schlagworte: production efficiency; machinery services; household welfare; food security
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Food for fuel
    the effect of the U.S. biofuel mandate on poverty in India
    Autor*in: Chakravorty, Ujjayant; Hubert, Marie-Helene; Ural Marchand, Beyza
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  CREM, Caen [u.a.]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre de Recherche en Économie et Management ; 2015-01
    Schlagworte: biofuels; distributional effects; household welfare; renewable fuel standards; poverty
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (50 S.), graph. Darst.
  14. Food for fuel
    the effect of the US biofuel mandate on poverty in India
    Autor*in: Chakravorty, Ujjayant; Hubert, Marie-Hélène; Ural Marchand, Beyza
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Dep. of Economics, Tufts Univ., Medford, Mass.

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics Department working papers / Tufts University ; 2015,2
    Schlagworte: biofuels; distributional effects; household welfare; renewable fuel standards; poverty
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (49 S.), graph. Darst.