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  1. Indutores do gasto direto do Ministério da Saúde em medicamentos (2010-2019)
    Autor*in: Vieira, Fabiola Sulpino
    Erschienen: março de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The objective of this text is to analyze the contribution of the main drivers of the direct expenditure of the Ministry of Health (MS) in medicines that are part of the list of Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs (PAP) from 2010 to 2019. Acquisitions... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    The objective of this text is to analyze the contribution of the main drivers of the direct expenditure of the Ministry of Health (MS) in medicines that are part of the list of Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs (PAP) from 2010 to 2019. Acquisitions data included in the information system called SIASG were used. The drugs were categorized according to the ATC/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System/ Defined Daily Doses) of the World Health Organization. The physical units of purchase of the products were transformed into the number of defined daily doses (DDD) for each drug. And the unit price was converted to price per DDD. With the support of RStudio software version 1.3.1056 and the statistical package IndexNumR, the contribution of the main drivers of expenditure on medicines was measured: price, quantity, and residuals (therapeutic choices). The results show a wide variation in the expenditure of the Ministry of Health on medicines in the list of PAP from 2010 to 2019, with a greater or lesser contribution of each main driver in the observed oscillation. However, it is important to note the expenditure reduction in some years, mainly driven by a decrease in the quantity of drugs purchased in two consecutive years, which may result in a drop in the availability of these products in the Unified Health System.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
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    hdl: 10419/240828
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2634
    Schlagworte: drug expenditure; drivers; pharmaceutical preparations; Unified Health System; health expenditures
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. When financials get tough, life gets rough?
    problematic debts and ill health
    Autor*in: Roos, Anne-Fleur; Diepstraten, Maaike; Douven, Rudy
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, [Den Haag]

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    Schriftenreihe: CPB discussion paper
    Schlagworte: Problematic debts; mental healthcare; health expenditures; social guidance and financial assistance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Emendas parlamentares ao orçamento federal do SUS
    método para estimação dos repasses a cada município favorecido, segundo áreas de alocação dos recursos (2015-2020)
    Autor*in: Vieira, Fabiola Sulpino
    Erschienen: janeiro de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The allocation of federal resources through parliamentary amendments (PA) to the Unified Health System (SUS) has been growing since the budget execution of these resources became mandatory, contributing to the reduction of the share of resources... mehr

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    The allocation of federal resources through parliamentary amendments (PA) to the Unified Health System (SUS) has been growing since the budget execution of these resources became mandatory, contributing to the reduction of the share of resources allocated to public health actions and services (ASPS) by the Ministry of Health (MS) programming. In addition, deficits in transparency in the budgetary-financial execution of these resources have made it difficult to account the expenses by areas of operation of the SUS. So, the objective of this text is to propose a method for estimating expenditure on public health actions and services (ASPS) through parliamentary amendments (PA) of the Ministry of Health (MoH), with each municipality favored, according to areas of resource allocation, from 2015 to 2020. It is a contribution to future studies on financing and public spending on health in Brazil. To this end, the methodological investigation was based on an exploratory analysis of the MoH budget-financial execution reports from 2015 to 2020. Three sources of information were used: i) Siga Brasil: information system on the Union budget, which is maintained by the Federal Senate; ii) an electronic spreadsheet provided by the National Health Fund (NHF), obtained from a request for access to information, containing data on execution by PA; and iii) the NHF Parliamentary Amendments Panel, which provides data on PA execution by the MoH on the internet. The procedures for identifying expenses by PA in Siga Brasil were detailed. The result of the report analysis of each these three sources was that, according to the criteria of accessibility, methodological clarity, coverage, and consistency, Siga Brasil is the most adequate source for obtaining information on expenses by PA of the MoH with each favored municipality. Procedures for estimating expenditure on primary and medium and high-complexity care for the period from 2015 to 2018 were proposed, obtaining, in the end, the expenditure by PA of the MoH with each municipality, according to these and other areas of resource allocation, for the entire period investigated (2015 to 2020). It is concluded that the proposed method is feasible and reproducible, but that problems in the registration of expenditures by the federal public administration affect the transparency and quality of information, especially for the years 2015 and 2016.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261047
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2732
    Schlagworte: health expenditures; budgets; health care rationing; federal government; Unified Health System
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. A flexible copula regression model with Bernoulli and Tweedie margins for estimating the effect of spending on mental health
    Autor*in: Marra, Giampiero; Fasiolo, Matteo; Radice, Rosalba; Winkelmann, Rainer
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  University of Zurich, Department of Economics, Zurich

    Previous evidence shows that better insurance coverage increases medical expenditure. However, formal studies on the effect of spending on health outcomes, and especially mental health, are lacking. To fill this gap, we reanalyze data from the Rand... mehr

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    Previous evidence shows that better insurance coverage increases medical expenditure. However, formal studies on the effect of spending on health outcomes, and especially mental health, are lacking. To fill this gap, we reanalyze data from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment and estimate a joint non-linear model of spending and mental health. We address the endogeneity of spending in a flexible copula regression model with Bernoulli and Tweedie margins and discuss its implementation in the freely available GJRM R package. Results confirm the importance of accounting for endogeneity: in the joint model, a $1000 spending in mental care is estimated to reduce the probability of low mental health by 1.3 percentage points, but this effect is not statistically significant. Ignoring endogeneity leads to a spurious (upwardly biased) estimate.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260597
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / University of Zurich, Department of Economics ; no. 413
    Schlagworte: Binary response; co-payment; copula; health expenditures; penalized regression spline; Rand experiment; simultaneous estimation; Tweedie distribution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Falling ill raises the health insurer's administration bill
    Autor*in: Douven, Rudy; Kauer, Lukas
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 22, 11 (June, 2022)
    Schlagworte: administrative costs; health insurance; individual administrative contacts; chronically ill; health expenditures
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Health expenditures and the effectiveness of Covid-19 prevention in international comparison
    Autor*in: Hansen, Jaqueline; Reinecke, Antonia; Schmerer, Hans-Jörg
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments had to rely on Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in their struggle against the spread of the virus. The stringency of the lockdowns differed across space and time as governments had to adjust... mehr

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    In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments had to rely on Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in their struggle against the spread of the virus. The stringency of the lockdowns differed across space and time as governments had to adjust their strategy dynamically to the country-specific development of the crisis. We examine the effectiveness of lockdowns with a focus on the role of health care based upon both the between and the within-variation of our panel-data. The within-variation over time allows us to control for unobserved heterogeneity through fixed-effects. The results reveal that lockdowns had significant effects on the mortality rates associated with COVID-19. Marginal effects are estimated conditional on the state of the health care system before the crisis. Lockdowns were more efficient in countries with well-supported health care systems. Marginal effects turn insignificant when per capita health expenditure dips below the mean. We can show that both results are driven by economic development. Per capita GDP is highly correlated with public health expenditure but it is not a perfect substitute.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235439
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9069 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; health expenditures; lockdown
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Dynamic effects of long-term care insurance on healthcare expenditures
    evidence from South Korea
    Autor*in: Kim, Honsoo; Kim, Soojin; Kim, Wonshik; Yang, Kyung Hoon
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Center for Public Policy ; 22, 09 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: Long-term care insurance; health expenditures; health insurance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Getting the Right Tail Right
    modeling tails of health expenditure distributions
    Autor*in: Karlsson, Martin; Wang, Yulong; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    Health expenditure data almost always include extreme values, implying that the underlying distribution has heavy tails. This may result in infinite variances as well as higher-order moments and bias the commonly used least squares methods. To... mehr

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    Health expenditure data almost always include extreme values, implying that the underlying distribution has heavy tails. This may result in infinite variances as well as higher-order moments and bias the commonly used least squares methods. To accommodate extreme values, we propose an estimation method that recovers the right tail of health expenditure distributions. It extends the popular two-part model to develop a novel three-part model. We apply the proposed method to claims data from one of the biggest German private health insurers. Our findings show that the estimated age gradient in health care spending differs substantially from the standard least squares method.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279812
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 23, 045 (11/2023)
    Schlagworte: heavy tails; health expenditures; claims data; nonlinear model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Persistence in physicians’ locations
    long-run evidence from decentralised loan repayment programs
    Autor*in: Ghosh, Anomita
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  National Council of Applied Economic Research, [New Delhi, India]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / National Council of Applied Economic Research ; no. WP 154
    Schlagworte: labor supply; state and local government; migration flows; occupationalchoice; adverse health events; health expenditures
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 124 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Testing for fragility: a valuable public policy and an opportunity for postal operators
    Autor*in: Borsenberger, Claire; Cremer, Helmuth; Joram, Denis; Lozachmeur, Jean-Marie; Malavolti, Estelle
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1433
    Schlagworte: Long-term care; health expenditures; screening
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen