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  1. Does gender equality translate into economic equality?
    evidence from about 150 nations
    Autor*in: Nelson, Michael A.; Goel, Rajeev K.
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper adds to our understanding of the causes of income inequality across nations by examining the influence of different aspects of gender equality or female empowerment. Whereas the economics of income inequality has been an area of active... mehr

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    This paper adds to our understanding of the causes of income inequality across nations by examining the influence of different aspects of gender equality or female empowerment. Whereas the economics of income inequality has been an area of active academic inquiry, the role of gender equality has largely been ignored. Are there positive spillovers from gender equality onto income equality? The answer to this question, using data for nearly 150 nations over the years 1985-2019, is in the affirmative. Specifically, nations with a history of women’s suffrage, greater representation of women in the government, lower fertility rates, and better overall gender equality experienced lower income inequality, ceteris paribus. These results are largely supported in considerations of cross-section versus pooled data, simultaneity issues, and the measurement of income inequality. The spillovers from some dimensions of gender equality are found to be sensitive to the existing prevalence of income inequality. Policymakers ignoring the payoffs from gender empowerment on income distribution might be underinvesting in initiatives to empower women.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8949 (2021)
    Schlagworte: income inequality; gender inequality; suffrage; fertility; women in parliament; colonialism; GINI coefficient; government; quantile regression
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  2. Privatization and business groups: Evidence from the Chicago Boys in Chile
    Autor*in: Aldunate, Felipe; González, Felipe; Prem, Mounu; Urzúa I., Francisco
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento de trabajo / Instituto de Economia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ; 537 (2020)
    Schlagworte: government; firms; groups; privatization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Australia's future tax system
    Autor*in: Tilley, Paul
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2021, 17 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: tax; economic; Public Finance; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Redistributing income through hierarchy
    Autor*in: Fix, Blair
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  [Forum on Capital as Power], [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]

    Although the determinants of income are complex, the results are surprisingly uniform. To a first approximation, top incomes follow a power-law distribution, and the redistribution of income corresponds to a change in the power-law exponent. Given... mehr

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    Although the determinants of income are complex, the results are surprisingly uniform. To a first approximation, top incomes follow a power-law distribution, and the redistribution of income corresponds to a change in the power-law exponent. Given the messiness of the struggle for resources, why is the outcome so simple? This paper explores the idea that the (re)distribution of top incomes is uniform because it is shaped by a ubiquitous feature of social life, namely hierarchy. Using a model first developed by Herbert Simon and Harold Lydall, I show that hierarchy can explain the power-law distribution of top incomes, including how income gets redistributed as the rich get richer.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers on capital as power ; no. 2021, 04
    Schlagworte: corporation; despotism; government; hierarchy; income; distribution; inequality; power
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Early federation reviews and 1942 income tax unification
    Autor*in: Tilley, Paul
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2020, 11 (September 2020)
    Schlagworte: tax; reform; federation; constitution; government; royal commission
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Post-war tax reviews and the Asprey Blueprint
    Autor*in: Tilley, Paul
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2020, 15 (November 2020)
    Schlagworte: tax; reform; economic; public finance; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. 1985 reform of the Australian tax system
    Autor*in: Tilley, Paul
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2021, 7 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: tax; avoidance and evasion; reform; economic; public finance; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. 2000: a new tax system
    Autor*in: Tilley, Paul
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2021, 14 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: tax; state finances; reform; economic; public finance; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The political economy of Russian energy policy
    evolution and performance after market transition
    Autor*in: Yamawaki, Dai
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

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    Schriftenreihe: KIER discussion paper series ; no. 1066
    Schlagworte: Russian; energy policy; market; government; transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Pandemics and inequality
    perceptions and preferences for redistribution
    Autor*in: Balasundharam, Vybhavi; Dabla-Norris, Era
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs about... mehr

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    This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs about the future, and attitudes about redistribution. We find that women, non-college educated, the unemployed, and those in non-teleworkable jobs systematically have less favorable perceptions of government responses. Personally experiencing illness or job loss caused by the pandemic can shape people's beliefs about the future, heightening uncertainties about prolonged job losses, and the imminent threat from automation. Economic anxieties are amplified in countries that experienced an early surge in infections followed by successful containment, suggesting that negative beliefs can persist. Support for pro-equality redistributive policies varies, depending on personal experiences and views about the poor. However, we find strong willingness to provide social safety nets for vulnerable individuals and firms by those who have a more favorable perception of government responses, suggesting that effective government actions can promote support for redistributive policies

     
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    ISBN: 9781513570723
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 53
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; inequality; perceptions; government; political economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Intergenerational inequality and the intergenerational state
    Autor*in: Rice, James Mahmud; Temple, Jeromey B.; McDonald, Peter
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEPAR, ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, [Kensington, NSW]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CEPAR, ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research ; 2020, 10
    Schlagworte: Australia; government; income; inequality; intergenerational transfers; life cycle
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Explaining vaccine hesitancy
    a Covid-19 study of the United States
    Autor*in: Goel, Rajeev K.; Saunoris, James W.
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Using recent data on the unvaccinated across U.S. states, this paper focuses on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that more prosperous states and states with more elderly and physicians have lower... mehr

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    Using recent data on the unvaccinated across U.S. states, this paper focuses on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that more prosperous states and states with more elderly and physicians have lower vaccine hesitancy. There was some evidence of the significance of race, but internet access and history of other contagious diseases failed to make a difference. States with centralized health systems and those with mask mandates generally had a lower percentage of unvaccinated populations. Finally, the presence of Democrats in state legislatures tended to result in lower vaccination hesitancies, ceteris paribus.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9658 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; vaccination; vaccine hesitancy; pandemic; government; elderly; race religion; politics; United States
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  13. Investments in R&D and production capacity with uncertain breakthrough time
    private versus social incentives
    Autor*in: Ketelaars, Martijn W.; Kort, Peter M.
    Erschienen: 19 April 2022
    Verlag:  CentER, Tilburg University, [Tilburg]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / CentER ; no. 2022, 010
    Schlagworte: Research and development; welfare; innovation; subsidies; monopolist; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. State and territory tax reform
    Beteiligt: Tilley, Paul (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Beteiligt: Tilley, Paul (HerausgeberIn)
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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2022, 2 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: tax; economic; public finance; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The fiscal effect of immigration
    reducing bias in influential estimates
    Autor*in: Clemens, Michael A.
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Immigration policy can have important net fiscal effects that vary by immigrants' skill level. But mainstream methods to estimate these effects are problematic. Methods based on cashflow accounting offer precision at the cost of bias; methods based... mehr

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    Immigration policy can have important net fiscal effects that vary by immigrants' skill level. But mainstream methods to estimate these effects are problematic. Methods based on cashflow accounting offer precision at the cost of bias; methods based on general equilibrium modeling address bias with limited precision and transparency. A simple adjustment greatly reduces bias in the most influential and precise estimates: conservatively accounting for capital taxes paid by the employers of immigrant labor. The adjustment is required by firms' profit-maximizing behavior, unconnected to general equilibrium effects. Adjusted estimates of the positive net fiscal impact of average recent U.S. immigrants rise by a factor of 3.2, with a much shallower education gradient. They are positive even for an average recent immigrant with less than high school education, whose presence causes a present-value subsidy of at least $128,000 to all other taxpayers collectively.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265813
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15592
    Schlagworte: Einwanderung; Arbeitsmigranten; Wirkungsanalyse; Steuereinnahmen; Schätzung; USA; immigration; fiscal; tax; revenue; budget; deficit; surplus; capital; cost; benefit; dividend; subsidy; burden; social security; welfare; outlays; balance; foreign; skill; government; public
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The nexus between corruption and academic freedom
    an international examination using mediation analysis
    Autor*in: Capasso, Salvatore; Goel, Rajeev K.; Saunoris, James W.
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

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    hdl: 10419/265925
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9890 (2022)
    Schlagworte: academic freedom; corruption; government; education; democracy; mediation analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Nash equilibria of COVID-19 vaccination
    Autor*in: Saccal, Alessandro
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  EERI, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium

    The present research conducts a formal analysis of the interactive decisions concerning the enterprise of COVID-19 vaccination on the part of governments and citizens. It specifically constructs a noncooperative static game with complete information... mehr

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    The present research conducts a formal analysis of the interactive decisions concerning the enterprise of COVID-19 vaccination on the part of governments and citizens. It specifically constructs a noncooperative static game with complete information between the citizen and the government encompassing the strategies of vaccination and no vaccination with regard to the former and the strategies of direct imposition, subsistence restrictions, luxury restrictions and no imposition with regard to the latter. On account of its payoff structure the present analysis finds that the game in question presents one sole and strict pure strategy Nash equilibrium, being that of strategies no vaccination and no imposition, respectively. The core rationale is that the citizen accepts COVID-19 vaccination only if his subsistence survival is placed at risk, because of the inherent unlawfulness presented by COVID-19 vaccination, itself due to foetal exploitation and potentially adverse effects, thereby prompting the government not to impose it, lest individual integrity and societal rights be violated as well. It furthermore shows that the exogenous elimination of the no imposition strategy on the part of the government transforms the Nash equilibrium into that of strategies vaccination and direct imposition, respectively, as materially come to pass. It finally determines that the unlikely addition of the revolution strategy on the part of the citizen in the presence of the elimination of the no imposition strategy on the part of the government likewise admits one sole and strict pure strategy Nash equilibrium, either in strategies vaccination and direct imposition or in strategies revolution and direct imposition, respectively.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: EERI research paper series ; no 2022, 11
    Schlagworte: citizen; COVID-19; equilibrium; game; government; imposition; pandemic; payoff; vaccination
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  18. Trust as state capacity
    the political economy of compliance
    Autor*in: Besley, Timothy; Dray, Sacha
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper explores the link between trust in government, policy-making, and compliance. It focuses on a specific channel whereby citizens who are convinced that a policy is worthwhile are more motivated to comply with it. This in turn reduces the... mehr

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    This paper explores the link between trust in government, policy-making, and compliance. It focuses on a specific channel whereby citizens who are convinced that a policy is worthwhile are more motivated to comply with it. This in turn reduces the government's cost of implementing a policy and may also increase the set of feasible policies. Thus, state capacity is greater when citizens trust their government. The paper discusses alternative approaches to modelling the origins of trust, especially the link to the design of political institutions. We then provide empirical evidence consistent with the model's findings that compliance is increasing in trust using the Integrated Values Survey and voluntary compliance during COVID-19 in the UK. We also show that countries with high levels of citizen trust in government were more likely to implement policies requiring voluntary compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper suggests that trust in government can play a role in building and expanding state capacities.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292672683
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    hdl: 10419/273938
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 135
    Schlagworte: state capacity; trust; government; compliance; political economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. El balance macroeconómico colombiano y por sectores institucionales, 1975-2021: ¿quiénes ahorran y quiénes desahorran y por qué?
    Autor*in: Rincón Castro, Hernán; Moreno-Barrera, María Angélica
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Banco de la Republica Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

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    hdl: 20.500.12134/
    Schriftenreihe: Borradores de economía ; núm. 1215 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Savings; investment; macroeconomic imbalances; households; government; financial corporations; and non-financial corporations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Give me your best shot!
    diffusion of complete versus booster Covid-19 vaccines across US counties
    Autor*in: Goel, Rajeev K.; Nelson, Michael A.
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper compares drivers of full COVID-19 vaccinations and booster doses across U.S. counties. Booster doses are contingent upon someone receiving the primary doses, and the risk attitudes and propensities to get vaccinated may be different across... mehr

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    This paper compares drivers of full COVID-19 vaccinations and booster doses across U.S. counties. Booster doses are contingent upon someone receiving the primary doses, and the risk attitudes and propensities to get vaccinated may be different across individuals, along with the supply chain differences across the primary and booster doses. Results show that new covid cases do not significantly impact vaccinations, while supply chain aspects via pharmacies had a positive impact. The effects of income, race, age, and education were largely consistent with intuition. Further, political ideologies mattered, while government decentralization did not. There were differences in the signs, magnitudes, and significance of the influence of some drivers across primary versus booster doses. Robustness checks include using alternative estimation techniques and examining differences across counties with low- and high vaccination rates. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279309
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10559 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; vaccination; pandemic; booster; government; supply chain; pharmacies; political ideology; risk attitudes; county; United States
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Analyzing the Role of Governmental Organizations in Artificial Intelligence Innovation
    A Patent-Based Perspective
    Autor*in: Park, Jaehyuk
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize numerous industries and applications. While government organizations actively support the AI innovation ecosystem through funding and... mehr

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    Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize numerous industries and applications. While government organizations actively support the AI innovation ecosystem through funding and policy making, their active and direct participation through patenting has not been well studied. Here, we analyzes the patenting activity of govern- ment employees and compares it to that of non-governmental organizations, focusing on the field of AI. Applying various natural language processing (NLP) techniques to the AI patents, we found that governmental organizations more focus on public benefit and national-level interests, rather than commercialization, which is a main focus of non-governmental organizations. Also, our results reveal that governmental organizations have focused on specific fields related to national security and fundamental inventions. Our findings contribute to the literature on the role of government in fostering innovation in the field of AI and have implications for policy makers and stakeholders involved in AI R&D funding and commercialization

     
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    Schriftenreihe: KDI School of Pub Policy & Management Paper ; No. DS23-09
    Schlagworte: artificial intelligence; innovation; patent; government
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p)
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  22. Pandemics and inequality
    perceptions and preferences for redistribution
    Autor*in: Balasundharam, Vybhavi; Dabla-Norris, Era
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs about... mehr

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    This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs about the future, and attitudes about redistribution. We find that women, non-college educated, the unemployed, and those in non-teleworkable jobs systematically have less favorable perceptions of government responses. Personally experiencing illness or job loss caused by the pandemic can shape people's beliefs about the future, heightening uncertainties about prolonged job losses, and the imminent threat from automation. Economic anxieties are amplified in countries that experienced an early surge in infections followed by successful containment, suggesting that negative beliefs can persist. Support for pro-equality redistributive policies varies, depending on personal experiences and views about the poor. However, we find strong willingness to provide social safety nets for vulnerable individuals and firms by those who have a more favorable perception of government responses, suggesting that effective government actions can promote support for redistributive policies

     
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    ISBN: 9781513570723
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 53
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; inequality; perceptions; government; political economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Alberto Alesina (1957-2020)
    man, researcher, Professor of Economics, popularizer
    Autor*in: Vindigni, Andrea
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper offers an overview of Alberto Alesina's life and of his scholarly work (§ 1 and 2). It will be argued, that Alberto would have entirely deserved the award of the Nobel Prize for Economic Science, except only for his premature passing away.... mehr

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    This paper offers an overview of Alberto Alesina's life and of his scholarly work (§ 1 and 2). It will be argued, that Alberto would have entirely deserved the award of the Nobel Prize for Economic Science, except only for his premature passing away. His foundational contribution was the creation, and the development of modern political economy since the mid 1980s (§ 3). This is a highly eclectic discipline at the cross-road of economics and political science. I will briefly attempt to explain what political economy is mainly about, and what political economy is nowadays understood to mean: its basic assumptions, its methodology, its goals, its main relations with modern economics (§ 4). I will then focus on the general introduction (§ 5), and the analytical discussion (§ 5.1) of one of Alberto's most important and impactful contributions: his 1994 work with Dani Rodrik on redistributive politics and economic growth. In my opinion, this is not only one of the many path-breaking and extremely impactful contributions of Alberto, but it best illustrates his scholarly traits and his research agenda. This paper has indeed influenced a large subsequent body of literature; I will mention a few highly celebrated among such contributions (§ 5.2). I will then very briefly discuss a few other relatively early works of Alberto, that have also contributed to the foundation and to the establishment of modern political economy (§ 6). These early works could have been part of a hard core of contributions, potentially more than justifying the assignment of the Nobel Prize in Economics to Alberto Alesina. Finally, I will briefly discuss some of his late work (§ 7), as well as my own personal relation with Alberto (§ 8), a truly unique human being, and master of all the Italian economists (and of many other social scientists). Some acknowledgments (§ 9), and a short but essential bibliography (§ 10) conclude this paper.

     
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    hdl: 10419/282613
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16486
    Schlagworte: political economy; government; public debt; inequality; economic growth; redistribution; culture
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  24. Career paths of Ministry of Finance advisers
    Autor*in: Silano, Filippo
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  Universität Hamburg, Fakultät für Rechtswissenschaft, [Hamburg]

    Ministry of Finance advisers play a crucial role in managing public finance matters, acting as a bridge between bureaucratic and political realms. This article aims to identify the essential skills and experiences that advisers must possess and how... mehr

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    Ministry of Finance advisers play a crucial role in managing public finance matters, acting as a bridge between bureaucratic and political realms. This article aims to identify the essential skills and experiences that advisers must possess and how these professional qualities relate to their appointments. Collating a unique longitudinal dataset from selected OECD countries, this study employs sequence analysis and network science to identify common career paths and a transnational network encompassing governmental bodies, standard-setters, and academia. The research also uncovers significant variations in professional trajectories across and within countries, indicating that diverse advisory traditions and ministerial strategies require specific skills and experiences. This article sheds light on a relatively unexplored aspect of public finance policymaking by focusing on these often overlooked actors. Inductively, it enhances the understanding of ministerial advisers by highlighting how individual characteristics play a role in their appointment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278104
    Schriftenreihe: Institute of Law and Economics working paper series ; no. 73 (2023)
    Schlagworte: government; ministerial advisers; careers; sequence analysis; optimal matching; social network analysis; economic sociology; comparative politics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. History of tax theory and reform concepts
    Autor*in: Tilley, Paul
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2023, 13 (August 2023)
    Schlagworte: tax; economic; public finance; government
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen