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  1. Wissenschaftler auf Zeit
    die Durchsetzung der Personalpolitik der Befristung in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft seit den 1970er-Jahren
    Autor*in: Leendertz, Ariane
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany

    Die Mehrheit des wissenschaftlichen Personals an den Hochschulen und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland ist heute befristet beschäftigt. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert die Ursachen und Dynamiken dieser Entwicklung, die in den... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Bundesverfassungsgericht, Bibliothek
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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Die Mehrheit des wissenschaftlichen Personals an den Hochschulen und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland ist heute befristet beschäftigt. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert die Ursachen und Dynamiken dieser Entwicklung, die in den 1970er-Jahren begann, am Gegenstand der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Lag der Befristungsanteil 1976 lediglich bei 15,7 Prozent, stieg er bis 2016 auf 69,2 Prozent an. Die Beweggründe der MPG-Spitze, die die Möglichkeiten der Befristung über die Jahre immer weiter ausdehnte, veränderten sich dabei über die Zeit. Sollten Zeitverträge in den 1970er- und 1980er-Jahren zuerst dazu beitragen, die personelle Mobilität im Bereich des Mittelbaus zu erhalten und eine Überalterung des wissenschaftlichen Personals sowie Stellenblockaden zu verhindern, traten im Verlauf der 1990er-Jahre strategische Organisationsinteressen in den Vordergrund. Um die Jahrtausendwende verfestigte sich die Überzeugung, dass die MPG über ein größtmögliches Maß personeller und institutioneller Flexibilität verfügen müsse, um sich im globalen Wettbewerb der Forschungsorganisationen um Reputation und Leitungspersonal behaupten zu können. Je mehr wissenschaftliche Beschäftigte nur befristet angestellt waren, desto leichter war es, obsolete Abteilungen und Institute zu schließen, stattdessen neue zu gründen und den neu berufenen Direktorinnen und Direktoren aus der ganzen Welt so viele freie Wissenschaftlerstellen wie möglich anzubieten. The majority of academic staff at universities and non-university research institutions in Germany today are employed on fixed-term contracts. This paper reconstructs the causes and dynamics of this development, which began in the 1970s, taking the example of the Max Planck Society (MPG) as a basis. While in 1976 just 15.7 percent of contracts were fixed-term, by 2016 that figure had risen to 69.2 percent. The motives of those at the top of the MPG, who gradually expanded the scope for fixed-term employment over the years, changed with time. In the 1970s and 1980s, fixed-term contracts were initially intended to help ensure mobility and to prevent overaging and an associated shortage of positions for early-career researchers. During the 1990s, however, strategic organizational interests gained increasing importance. Around the turn of the millennium, there was a strong belief that the MPG needed maximum flexibility in terms of human and institutional resources in order to compete globally with other research organizations for reputation and leadership personnel. The more research staff were employed only on fixed-term contracts, the easier it became to close obsolete departments and institutes, establish new ones in their place, and offer the newly appointed directors from around the world as many vacant positions as possible.

     
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 21.11116/0000-0007-9E73-6
    RVK Klassifikation: AK 53000
    Schriftenreihe: MPIfG discussion paper ; 20/15
    Schlagworte: Befristungen; Flexibilität; Geschichte; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Wettbewerb; competition; fixed-term contracts; flexibility; history; Max Planck Society
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (IV, 35 Seiten), Diagramme
  2. Integrating learning and explicit model predictive control for unit commitment in microgrids
    Autor*in: Huo, Yuchong; Bouffard, François; Joós, Géza
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  GERAD, HÉC Montréal, Montréal (Québec), Canada

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    Schriftenreihe: Les cahiers du GERAD ; G-2021, 34 (June 2021)
    Schlagworte: Explicit model predictive control; flexibility; machine learning; microgrid; microgrid controller; unit commitment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Flexibility in educational systems
    concept, indicators, and directions for future research
    Autor*in: Weßling, Katarina; Velden, Rolf van der
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Graduate School of Business and Economics, Maastricht

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    Schriftenreihe: [Research memorandum] / Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE) ; RM/21, 006
    Schlagworte: flexibility; education systems; educational effectiveness; education production function macro-meso-micro model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Flexibility in educational systems
    concept, indicators, and directions for future research
    Autor*in: Weßling, Katarina; Velden, Rolf van der
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht

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    Schriftenreihe: ROA research memorandum / Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt ; ROA-RM-2021, 2 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: flexibility; education systems; educational effectiveness; education production function macro-meso-micro model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Fat tails due to variable renewables and insufficient flexibility
    Autor*in: Huisman, Ronald; Kyritsis, Evangelos; Stet, Cristian
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  VATT Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki

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    ISBN: 9789522742575
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    Schriftenreihe: VATT working papers ; 134
    Schlagworte: Intermittent renewable supply; flexibility; power prices; fat tails; asymmetric probability distribution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Investing in power grid infrastructure as a flexibility option
    a DSGE assessment for Germany
    Autor*in: Schreiner, Lena; Madlener, Reinhard
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  Institute for Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), School of Business and Economics/E.ON ERC, Aachen, Germany

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    Schriftenreihe: FCN working paper ; no. 2019, 11
    Schlagworte: DSGE analysis; infrastructure; Germany; electric grid; energy transition; flexibility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Imperfect competition in electricity markets with partially flexible technologies
    Autor*in: Crampes, Claude; Renault, Jérôme
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  Toulouse School of Economics, [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1198
    Schlagworte: flexibility; electricity; market design; production costs; risk transfer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  8. Zero-hours contracts in a frictional labor market
    Autor*in: Dolado, Juan J.; Lalé, Etienne; Turon, Hélène
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.'s zero-hours contract (ZHC) - a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows employees to decline any workload. We find quantitatively that ZHCs improve... mehr

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    We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.'s zero-hours contract (ZHC) - a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows employees to decline any workload. We find quantitatively that ZHCs improve welfare by enabling firms with more volatile business conditions to create additional jobs. While weaker than job creation, substitution effects - some jobs that are otherwise viable under regular contracts are advertised as ZHCs - are sizable and likely explain negative reactions against ZHCs. Our model also assesses increased labor-force participation from ZHCs which appeal to individuals who prefer flexible work schedules.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250640
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14979
    Schlagworte: zero-hours contracts; working hours; gig economy; flexibility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Spin doctors
    an experiment on vague disclosure
    Autor*in: Deversi, Marvin; Ispano, Alessandro; Schwardmann, Peter
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    Unfavorable news are often delivered under the disguise of vagueness. Our theory-driven laboratory experiment investigates this strategic use of vagueness in voluntary disclosure and asks whether there is scope for policy to improve information... mehr

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    Unfavorable news are often delivered under the disguise of vagueness. Our theory-driven laboratory experiment investigates this strategic use of vagueness in voluntary disclosure and asks whether there is scope for policy to improve information transmission. We find that vagueness is profitably deployed by senders to fool those receivers that lack strategic sophistication. Imposing precise disclosure leads to more easily interpretable messages, but results in fewer sender types disclosing at all. Since non- disclosure also systematically misleads naive receivers, the welfare implications of imposing precision are not obvious. However, our model and experiment show that information transmission and the welfare of naive receivers are improved by policies that impose precision. Our results speak to the rules governing firms’ disclosure of quality-relevant information, the disclosure of research findings, and testimonies in a court of law.

     
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    hdl: 10419/256771
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 304 (December 1, 2021)
    Schlagworte: communication; naivete; flexibility; regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Heterogeneous paths to stability
    Autor*in: Di Porto, Edoardo; Tealdi, Cristina
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance, Department of Economics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CSEF, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance ; no. 644
    Schlagworte: temporary contracts; young workers; flexibility; institutional reforms; employment protection legislation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Flexibilidade entre plantio e arrendamento rural no Brasil
    Autor*in: Pecly, Marcelo Guedes; Igrejas, Rafael
    Erschienen: maio de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, product with history and importance in the Brazilian agribusiness. The State of São Paulo is responsible for 50% of Brazilian production. Harvested area is estimated at 4.25 million hectares. The... mehr

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    Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, product with history and importance in the Brazilian agribusiness. The State of São Paulo is responsible for 50% of Brazilian production. Harvested area is estimated at 4.25 million hectares. The metropolitan region of Ribeirão Preto, in São Paulo, is the largest sugarcane producer in the country, accounting for 25% of São Paulo production. In the domestic market, the profitability of sugarcane production at the mills, as well as the market price, are impacted not only by production costs, but also by the costs of land leasing to local owners. The landowners of sugarcane farms have the flexibility of sugarcane production, or to lease the area to the mills. In scenarios of high costs and low productivity, such as 2018/2019 harvest, there was an increase in contract lease cancellation by the mills. In the previous harvests (2016/2017), the increased demand for lease contract was correlated to an increase in land productivity and more competitive lease prices. The flexibility between production and leasing in rural properties is well known by the sector's agents, but it needs to be appropriate addressed using decision analysis methods. This type of decision under uncertainty can be properly conducted by Real Options Theory. Thus, in this study, is proposed a model to evaluate the managerial decision of sugarcane production by the landowners, using the land was previously leased to the mills. In the model, the sugarcane price in the domestic market of Brazil (açúcar total recuperável - ATR) is considered the main uncertainty of the project. The model was applied to the valuation of a rural property in Ribeirão Preto, in the state of São Paulo. The results show that the option to start the sugarcane production once the land was previously leased, adds 5.17% to the future cash flow of the landowner in present value, which represents an increase of US$ 1.7/t. The main contribution of the study is the decision model, which allows evaluating the impact of managerial flexibility of landowners on agribusiness in Brazil. The landowners using real options approach for decision making, can optimize their resources.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265286
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2766
    Schlagworte: flexibility; Real Options; sugarcane production; land leasing; agricultural economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten)
  12. Flexibility and risk transfer in electricity markets
    Autor*in: Crampes, Claude; Renault, Jérôme
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1350
    Schlagworte: flexibility; electricity; market design; risk transfer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Antecedents in labor economics
    Autor*in: Gaffard, Jean-Luc
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  OFCE, Paris, France

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    Schriftenreihe: Sciences Po OFCE working paper ; no 2022, 18
    Schlagworte: Employment; flexibility; labor; wage
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  14. Effects of public expenditures on agriculture at subnational levels on households' welfare and economic resilience in Nigeria
    Autor*in: Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Smart, Jenny Cairns; Edeh, Hyacinth; Oyeyemi, Motunrayo Ayowumi; Balana, Bedru Babulo; Andam, Kwaw S.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 01955 (July 2020)
    Schlagworte: public expenditures; panel data analysis; household-level analysis; development outcomes; flexibility; Nigeria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Heterogeneous paths to stability
    Autor*in: Di Porto, Edoardo; Tealdi, Cristina
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate how the flexibility of temporary contracts affects the probability of young workers to be upgraded into permanent employment. Theoretically, we explore the workers' career development in response to the change in flexibility within a... mehr

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    We investigate how the flexibility of temporary contracts affects the probability of young workers to be upgraded into permanent employment. Theoretically, we explore the workers' career development in response to the change in flexibility within a search and matching model; empirically, we exploit an Italian labour market reform which increased flexibility in a difference in differences framework. We find that new entrants in the labour market who have been affected by the reform experienced a decrease in the conversion rate of approximately 12.5 percentage points in the first months after the reform, and of 5.1 percentage points over a year, compared to unaffected peers. This effect is particularly strong among women and low-educated workers employed in low productive firms in the Center/South of Italy. Worryingly, the lower conversion rate leads to a 25% wage penalty even two years down the workers' career paths.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263462
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15246
    Schlagworte: temporary contracts; young workers; flexibility; institutional reforms; employment protection legislation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Telework during the pandemic
    patterns, challenges, and opportunities for people with disabilities
    Autor*in: Ameri, Mason; Kruse, Douglas L.; Park, So Ri; Rodgers, Yana; Schur, Lisa A.
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Telework has benefits for many people with disabilities. The pandemic may create new employment opportunities for people with disabilities by increasing employer acceptance of telework, but this crucially depends on the occupational structure. We... mehr

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    Telework has benefits for many people with disabilities. The pandemic may create new employment opportunities for people with disabilities by increasing employer acceptance of telework, but this crucially depends on the occupational structure. We compare people with and without disabilities in the expansion of telework as the pandemic began, and the evolution of telework during the pandemic. We use U.S. data from the American Community Survey from 2008 to 2020 and the Current Population Survey over the May 2020 to April 2022 period. Prevalence and trends are analyzed using linear probability and multinomial logit regressions. While workers with disabilities were more likely than those without disabilities to telework before the pandemic, they were less likely to telework during the pandemic. The occupational distribution accounts for most of this difference. Tight labor markets, as measured by state unemployment rates, particularly favor people with disabilities obtaining telework jobs. While people with cognitive/mental health and mobility impairments were the most likely to telework during the pandemic, tight labor markets especially favored the expansion of telework for people with vision impairments and difficulty with daily activities inside the home. Many people with disabilities benefit from working at home, and the pandemic has increased employer acceptance of telework, but the current occupational distribution limits this potential. Tighter labor markets during the recovery offer hope that employers will increasingly hire people with disabilities in both telework and non-telework jobs. Disability, employment, telework, pandemic, flexibility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272382
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15755
    Schlagworte: disability; employment; telework; COVID-19; flexibility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Supply flexibility in electricity markets
    Autor*in: Crampes, Claude; Renault, Jérôme
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Toulouse School of Economics, [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 18-964
    Schlagworte: flexibility; electricity; production costs; day-ahead market; real-time market; perfect competition; imperfect competition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The anatomy of labor cost adjustment to demand shocks
    Germany and Italy during the Great Recession
    Autor*in: D'Amuri, Francesco; Lattanzio, Salvatore; Smith, Benjamin S.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1411 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: labor demand; wages; employment; flexibility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The political economy of commitment to policies
    Autor*in: Delfgaauw, Josse; Swank, Otto H.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    IPCC (2022) documents a looming gap between climate goals and implemented policies and points to a lack of political commitment. We study policymakers' incentives to commit. A policymaker decides on a policy to encourage citizens to make investments... mehr

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    IPCC (2022) documents a looming gap between climate goals and implemented policies and points to a lack of political commitment. We study policymakers' incentives to commit. A policymaker decides on a policy to encourage citizens to make investments and determines the degree of flexibility to change the policy after investments have been made. This adds redistributive concerns to the trade-off between commitment and flexibility. When a majority of citizens invest, redistributive concerns alleviate the time-inconsistency problem. When a minority of citizens invest, redistributive concerns aggravate the time-inconsistency problem. Then, the policymaker either commits too strongly or refrains from commitment altogether.

     
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    hdl: 10419/282873
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2023, 060
    Schlagworte: commitment; flexibility; redistribution; median voter; climate
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  20. Bespoke supply chain resilience facilitated by dedicated and shared resources
    Autor*in: Lücker, Florian
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    In this paper, we offer a characterization of resilience-enhancing measures. We argue that resilience-enhancing measures are either based on using dedicated resources (referred to as "dedicated resilience levers") or on using shared resources... mehr

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    In this paper, we offer a characterization of resilience-enhancing measures. We argue that resilience-enhancing measures are either based on using dedicated resources (referred to as "dedicated resilience levers") or on using shared resources (referred to as "shared resilience levers"). By dedicated resources, we mean resources that are provided only for the purpose of building resilience. In contrast, shared resilience levers are based on using shared resources. By shared resources, we mean resources that are not only used for risk mitigation but also serve another purpose, such as helping to better meet customer demand without disruption. We argue that shared resilience levers are particularly helpful for supply chains that focus on cost-efficiency and produce basic/functional products. In contrast, dedicated resilience levers are particularly helpful for supply chains that are less exposed to cost pressure and that produce innovative products. Further, we discuss how the supply chain finance solution reverse factoring can be considered a shared resource that helps build resilience and efficiency simultaneously. We provide an overview of past and future research directions and a conclusion.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1381 (May 2023)
    Schlagworte: supply chain resilience; supply chain efficiency; shared resources; flexibility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Labour market dualism and the heterogeneous wage gap for temporary employment
    a multilevel study across 30 countries
    Autor*in: Fauser, Sophia; Gebel, Michael
    Erschienen: February 2023
    Verlag:  Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl, Luxembourg

    This study investigates the hourly wage gap between 25-55 year old temporary and permanent employees across 30 countries worldwide based on Luxembourg Income Study data from 2000-2019 supplemented by other survey data. Two-stage multilevel... mehr

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    This study investigates the hourly wage gap between 25-55 year old temporary and permanent employees across 30 countries worldwide based on Luxembourg Income Study data from 2000-2019 supplemented by other survey data. Two-stage multilevel regressions reveal wage disadvantages for temporary workers, particularly for prime-age workers and those working in medium/high-level occupations. There is no evidence that a stronger institutional dualization in terms of stronger employment protection for permanent contracts increases the wage gap. Instead partial deregulation matters: In countries where permanent workers are strongly protected the wage gap is larger if the use of temporary contracts is deregulated. Moreover, results suggest that the larger the size of the temporary employment segment the larger the wage gap. Thus, our findings indicate that stronger institutional and structural labour market dualism amplify labour market inequality in terms of wage gaps between temporary and permanent workers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/283860
    Schriftenreihe: LIS working paper series ; no. 853
    Schlagworte: contracts; flexibility; wages; segmentation; labour market institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The German precariat and the role of fundamental security
    is the unconditional basic income a possible solution for the growing precarity in Germany?
    Autor*in: Gilroy, Bernard Michael; Günthner, Julia
    Erschienen: November 2017
    Verlag:  Paderborn University, CIE Center for International Economics, [Paderborn]

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    Schriftenreihe: Center for International Economics working paper series ; no. 2017, 11
    Schlagworte: Precariat; atypical employment; flexibility; basic income; jobless growth; AS; AD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Heigh ho, heigh ho
    the way we (would like to) work now
    Autor*in: Byrne, Julie; Pecchenino, Rowena A.
    Erschienen: August 2017
    Verlag:  Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting ; N282 (17)
    Schlagworte: alternative work arrangements; flexibility; gig economy; real options; standard labour contract
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  24. Economic optimization of electricity supply security in light of the interplay between TSO and DSO
    Autor*in: Tran, Jacob; Madlener, Reinhard; Fuchs, Alexander
    Erschienen: May 2017
    Verlag:  Institute for Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), School of Business and Economics/E.ON ERC, Aachen, Germany

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: revised
    Schriftenreihe: FCN working paper ; no. 2016, 21
    Schlagworte: flexibility; transmission system; TSO
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen