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  1. Reading Minds
  2. The boundary conditions of the hypersensitive agency detection device
    an empirical investigation of agency detection in threatening situations

    It has been hypothesized that humans have evolved a hypersensitivity to detect intentional agents at a perceptual level, as failing to detect these agents may potentially be more harmful than incorrectly assuming that agents are absent. Following... mehr

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    It has been hypothesized that humans have evolved a hypersensitivity to detect intentional agents at a perceptual level, as failing to detect these agents may potentially be more harmful than incorrectly assuming that agents are absent. Following this logic, ambiguous threatening situations should lead people to falsely detect the presence of agents. In six threat-inducing experiments (N = 233) we have investigated whether threat induction increases agent detection. We operationalized human agent detection by means of a Biological Motion Detection Task (Experiments 1 and 2) and an Auditory Agent Detection Task (Experiment 4). Intentionality detection was operationalized by means of a Geometrical Figures Task (Experiment 3). Threat manipulations that were either weak (threatening pictures, classical horror music) or moderate (virtual reality) did not increase false human agent or intentionality detection. Moreover, participants generally had a response bias towards assuming that agents were absent (Experiments 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 4). Further, agent and intentionality detection measures were unrelated to individual differences in supernatural beliefs, although they were related to the negativity bias. This study reveals the boundary conditions under which the agent and intentionality detection is not intensified and provides recommendations for future research.

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
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    Übergeordneter Titel: Enthalten in: Religion, brain & behavior; London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2011; 9(2019), 1, Seite 23-51; Online-Ressource

    Schlagworte: Hypersensitive agency detection device; agent detection; cognitive science of religion; error management theory; evolutionary psychology; intentionality detection
  3. Fear the unseen
    supernatural belief and agency detection in virtual reality

    Belief in supernatural agents is ubiquitous, as evidenced by its prevalence in religion, folklore, and cultural practices. It is theorized that, given recurrent ancestral risks of predation and frequent contact with other dangerous agents, mechanisms... mehr

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    Belief in supernatural agents is ubiquitous, as evidenced by its prevalence in religion, folklore, and cultural practices. It is theorized that, given recurrent ancestral risks of predation and frequent contact with other dangerous agents, mechanisms for agency detection may have evolved and play an important role in facilitating belief in supernatural agents. Thus, agency detection and belief in supernatural agents may be correlated in modern populations. College students (N = 107) completed a survey assessing belief in various supernatural phenomena, and participated in a virtual reality (VR) task where they indicated the perceived presence of agents (agency detection). Results indicated that the VR task successfully induced false agency detection such that the majority of participants perceived the presence of an agent at least once where no agent was present. Women reported greater overall supernatural belief than men. False agency detection was not related to belief in supernatural agents, and was instead related to belief in Feng Shui. These findings were unanticipated, and inconsistent with the study’s main hypothesis. Discussion emphasizes theoretical and methodological considerations for future research on agency detection and supernatural belief.

     

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    Übergeordneter Titel: Enthalten in: Religion, brain & behavior; London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2011; 10(2020), 2, Seite 118-131; Online-Ressource

    Schlagworte: agency detection; evolution; evolutionary psychology; supernatural agents; supernatural belief; virtual reality
  4. The gender gap in preferences
    evidence from 45,397 facebook interests
    Erschienen: 20 November 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16740
    Schlagworte: Gender Gap; preferences; Gender equality; evolutionary psychology; social role theory,gender-related preferences; non-gender-related preferences; Facebook interests; cross-countrydifferences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Guilt aversion
    Eve versus Adam
    Erschienen: May 19, 2022
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working papers / Eller College of Management ; 22, 04
    Schlagworte: gender; guilt aversion; promises; evolutionary psychology
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten)
  6. Guilt aversion
    Eve versus Adam
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Sapienza università di Roma, Roma

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome ; no. 220 (June 2022)
    Schlagworte: gender; guilt aversion; promises; evolutionary psychology
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Reading minds
    a cognitive-digital approach to the study of literature
    Autor*in: Azar, Martín
    Erschienen: 2019

    Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Quelle: Philologische Bibliothek, FU Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
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    Schlagworte: cognitive science; data science; evolutionary psychology; mind; linguistics; literature; natural language processing; reading; Kognitive Poetik; Empirische Literaturwissenschaft; Literatur; Digitale Sprachverarbeitung
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (229, 5 Seiten), Diagramme
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin, 2019

  8. Reading minds
    a cognitive-digital approach to the study of literature
    Autor*in: Azar, Martín
    Erschienen: 2019

    Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsbibliothek
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
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    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Philologische Bibliothek, FU Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Schlagworte: cognitive science; data science; evolutionary psychology; mind; linguistics; literature; natural language processing; reading; Literatur; Empirische Literaturwissenschaft; Digitale Sprachverarbeitung; Kognitive Poetik
    Umfang: 229, 5 Seiten, Diagramme
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin, 2019

  9. Reading minds
    a cognitive-digital approach to the study of literature
    Autor*in: Azar, Martín
    Erschienen: 2019

    Universitätsbibliothek Passau
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    Volltext (kostenfrei)
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
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    Schlagworte: cognitive science; data science; evolutionary psychology; mind; linguistics; literature; natural language processing; reading; Kognitive Poetik; Empirische Literaturwissenschaft; Literatur; Digitale Sprachverarbeitung
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (229, 5 Seiten), Diagramme
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin, 2019

  10. Zwischen Klassiker und Bestseller : erfolgreiche Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in evolutionspsychologischer Perspektive ; Between classic and bestseller : Successful children’s and young adult literature in evolutionary psychological perspective
    Erschienen: 2009
    Verlag:  Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ; FB 05 - Sprache, Literatur, Kultur. Germanistik

    Zentrale These der Arbeit ist, dass Klassiker und Bestseller der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Wesentlichen ihren Erfolg generieren, weil sie auf der Symbolebene Inhalte verarbeiten, die sich auf evolutionspsychologische Prinzipien rekurrieren... mehr

     

    Zentrale These der Arbeit ist, dass Klassiker und Bestseller der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Wesentlichen ihren Erfolg generieren, weil sie auf der Symbolebene Inhalte verarbeiten, die sich auf evolutionspsychologische Prinzipien rekurrieren lassen. Ihre Langlebigkeit und ihren zum Teil hohen universellen Verbreitungsgrad verdanken sie daher – bewusst oder unwissentlich herbeigeführt – entscheidend der Nutzung von evolutionär verankerten Topoi nicht nur in ihrer zentralen „Histoire“ (Story/Plot), sondern auch in ihren detaillierten Handlungen und Geschehnissen, in ihrer Figurenkonstellation und -zeichnung und in ihren Räumen. Da die Arbeit zwei methodologische Untersuchungsansätze zusammenbringt, den literaturwissenschaftlich-hermeneutischen mit dem evolutionspsychologischen, bestand die Notwendigkeit, sich vor dem textanalytischen Teil dem Gegenstand zu nähern. Im Einzelnen wird zu Beginn Fragen über literarischen Erfolg nachgegangen, wie Bestseller und Klassiker nach dem heutigen Forschungsstand zu definieren sind, und welche Rolle das Handlungssystem für den literarischen Erfolg eines Textes spielt. Dabei werden die zentralen konstituierenden Faktoren zwischen Theorie und Praxis aufgezeigt und erläutert. Es konnte u.a. auf bisher unveröffentlichte Marktdaten zurückgegriffen werden, die z.T. fest etablierte Vorstellungen der Literaturwissenschaft in Frage stellen. Am Ende dieses ersten Abschnitts steht dann die Auswahl und Begründung der analysierten Primärliteratur. Das sich anschließende Kapitel über die evolutionäre Psychologie führt komprimiert in die Eckpfeiler dieses Ansatzes ein: Replikation als treibende evolutive Kraft, Entwicklung des Homo sapiens und seine neurologische Ausstattung, natürliche Selektion, Spezialisierung und Geschlechterunterschiede, sexuelle Selektion und Partnerstrategien, elterliche Fürsorge und Familienselektion und soziale Gemeinschaften mit den Unterbereichen Sprache, reziproker Altruismus sowie Gewalt und Aggression. Das vierte Kapitel „Kunst, Literatur und Evolution“ ...

     

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  11. The epistemic vices of democracies in the age of populism
    Autor*in: Bonatti, Luigi
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The subject of this paper is how the epistemic limitations of individuals and their biases in reasoning affect collective decisions and in particular the functioning of democracies. In fact, while the cognitive sciences have largely shown how the... mehr

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    The subject of this paper is how the epistemic limitations of individuals and their biases in reasoning affect collective decisions and in particular the functioning of democracies. In fact, while the cognitive sciences have largely shown how the imperfections of human rationality shape individual decisions and behaviors, the implications of these imperfections for collective choice and mass behaviors have not yet been studied in such detail. In particular, the link between these imperfections and the emergence of contemporary populisms has not yet been thoroughly explored. This is done in this paper by considering both fundamental dimensions of the political space: the cultural-identitarian and the socio-economic one. As has been noted, reflections on these points induce to revise the picture of democracy as a regime producing collective decisions that come out from the interaction of independent individuals well aware of their values and interests, and rationally (in the sense of rational choice theory) pursuing them. This leads to a certain skepticism towards the idealization of democracy as human rationality in pursuit of the common good, which serves to provide cover for those who profit from the distortions and biases in the policy-making processes of actual democracies. A natural conclusion of the paper is that contemporary democracies are quite vulnerable in the face of populist leaders and parties, that are systematically trying to exploit to their advantage people's imperfect rationality (using "easy arguments", emotions, stereotypes…).

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279320
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10569 (2023)
    Schlagworte: bounded rationality; Plato’s political philosophy; cognitive sciences; social psychology; evolutionary psychology; social identity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  12. Reading Minds ; A Cognitive-Digital Approach to the Study of Literature ; Der lesbare Leser
    Autor*in: Azar, Martín
    Erschienen: 2019

    The same message can produce different responses in different readers. How does the reading mind work? And how can we read it? These questions constitute the subject of this research. The motivation in which it’s grounded is that, in the last... mehr

     

    The same message can produce different responses in different readers. How does the reading mind work? And how can we read it? These questions constitute the subject of this research. The motivation in which it’s grounded is that, in the last decades, two disciplines have revolutionized the ways in which we study the human mind. On the one hand, cognitive science has shown that our subjective responses (such as the meanings we attribute to a text or our emotional reactions to it) can be experimentally measured. On the other, data science has shown that, by mining big data about human behavior, many of our subjective responses become predictable at massive scales. The intention of this book is to introduce the discoveries that these two disciplines have made regarding the ways in which humans produce and consume stories, poems, slogans, jokes, news, debates, speeches, etc. The book has three parts. The first one explores some of the main cognitive biases that model our responses to words, phrasing, stories, and characters. It describes, for instance, which parts of our brain are responsible for creating meaning, what hormones and neurotransmitters are elicited in our bodies by different literary genre, and what evolutionary adaptations turned us into animals that tell fictional stories to each other. The second part considers the progress in data science, which has allowed for the development of so much linguistic technology capable of predicting reader responses with increasing accuracy – from the microtargeting techniques used in political campaigns and marketing, to the invention of automatic translators and virtual assistants. The third part is a case study, which consists in the prediction of reader responses to a popular poem, on the basis of an analysis of a large dataset of YouTube comments – later verified through a survey. We use to say that “the beauty is in the eye of the beholder.” But now we can observe the brains of the beholders, and we count with an enormous amount of data about their behavior ...

     

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