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  1. Crime and (a preference for) punishment
    the effects of drug policy reform on policing activity
    Autor*in: Soliman, Adam
    Erschienen: June 25, 2021
    Verlag:  Economic Research Initiatives @ Duke (ERID), Durham, NC

    We still know very little about the incentives of police, often due to data constraints and the underlying policy environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I am... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    We still know very little about the incentives of police, often due to data constraints and the underlying policy environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I am able to shed light on enforcement behavior. I find that in parts of a city where drug penalties were weakened, there is a 13% decrease in drug arrests within a year; there is no displacement of non-drug offenses and majority black neighborhoods have a larger decline in drug arrests. If offenders were significantly deterred by harsher penalties, as the law intended and Becker’s (1968) model predicts, there should have been an increase in drug arrests. My results are therefore consistent with police treating enforcement effort and punishment severity as complementary. I also find that citywide crime and drug use do not increase following the weakening of drug penalties; this calls into question the "War on Drugs" view of punishment and suggests that certain types enforcement can be reduced without incurring large public safety costs

     

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    Schriftenreihe: ERID working paper ; number 303
    Schlagworte: crime; enforcement; deterrence; punishment; enhanced penalty zones
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Social norms or enforcement?
    a natural field experiment to improve traffic and parking fine compliance
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2021, 4 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: Fine compliance; natural field experiment; nudges; enforcement; social norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Precarization or protection?
    the impact of trade and labour policies on informality
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Several episodes of market-oriented reforms in developing countries have been accompanied by a significant rise in work outside of the formal economy. This paper investigates whether the impact of increased exposure to trade on formal employment is... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    Several episodes of market-oriented reforms in developing countries have been accompanied by a significant rise in work outside of the formal economy. This paper investigates whether the impact of increased exposure to trade on formal employment is mediated by the strength of labour regulations. We rely on data from the Brazilian Census which provides information on workers' demographics and employment, including job formality status. Our estimation strategy exploits quasi-exogenous changes in industry-level real exchange rates to explore the likelihood of informality across employers exposed to varying degrees of de facto labour regulations. To instrument for labour enforcement, we utilize two key features of Brazilian labour institutions-budgetary decisions about the availability of resources occur at the federal level, while decisions about where to inspect occur at the local level. Our instrumental variables results suggest that strict labour regulations may lead to a precarization of employment, rather than offering protection for workers.

     

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    ISBN: 9789292569853
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    hdl: 10419/243373
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 47
    Schlagworte: Brazil; enforcement; informality; trade; labour regulations; instrumental variables
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. International cooperation in consumer protection
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  United Nations, Geneva

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    Schriftenreihe: UNCTAD research paper ; No. 54
    Schlagworte: consumer protection; international cooperation; enforcement; product safety; e-commerce
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Social norms or enforcement?
    a natural field experiment to improve traffic and parking fine compliance
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Very little is known about the efficient collection of fines despite their indispensable contribution to local government budgets. This paper fills an important gap in the literature by studying the effectiveness of deterrence (enforcement) and... mehr

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    Very little is known about the efficient collection of fines despite their indispensable contribution to local government budgets. This paper fills an important gap in the literature by studying the effectiveness of deterrence (enforcement) and non-deterrence (social norms) letters that aim to improve the collection of traffic and parking fines. We discuss potential mechanisms through which these letters may affect fine compliance and present results from a natural field experiment that was implemented in collaboration with the government of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). We find that both letters increase fine payments significantly relative to a control group that did not receive a letter. The effect of the enforcement letter is stronger than that of the social norms letter. Our analysis of heterogenous treatment effects indicates that addressing social norms does not change the behavior of young offenders, those who committed a speeding offence, those with a long outstanding debt and those with a debt above the median. In contrast, the enforcement letter is generally effective across subgroups.

     

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    hdl: 10419/236283
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14252
    Schlagworte: fine compliance; natural field experiment; nudges; enforcement; social norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Theoretical foundations of relational incentive contracts
    Autor*in: Watson, Joel
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, UC San Diego, San Diego

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    Schriftenreihe: Recent work / Department of Economics, UC San Diego
    Schlagworte: relational contracts; enforcement; game theory; negotiation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Social norms or enforcement?
    a natural field experiment to improve traffic and parking fine compliance
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    Very little is known about the efficient collection of fines despite their indispensable contribution to local government budgets. This paper fills an important gap in the literature by studying the effectiveness of deterrence (enforcement) and... mehr

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    Very little is known about the efficient collection of fines despite their indispensable contribution to local government budgets. This paper fills an important gap in the literature by studying the effectiveness of deterrence (enforcement) and non-deterrence (social norms) letters that aim to improve the collection of traffic and parking fines. We discuss potential mechanisms through which these letters may affect fine compliance and present results from a natural field experiment that was implemented in collaboration with the government of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). We find that both letters increase fine payments significantly relative to a control group that did not receive a letter. The effect of the enforcement letter is stronger than that of the social norms letter. Our analysis of heterogenous treatment effects indicates that addressing social norms does not change the behavior of young offenders, those who committed a speeding offence, those with a long outstanding debt and those with a debt above the median. In contrast, the enforcement letter is generally effective across subgroups. Über die effiziente Eintreibung von Bußgeldern ist sehr wenig bekannt, obwohl sie einen unverzichtbaren Beitrag zu den Budgets der Kommunalverwaltungen leisten. Dieser Artikel füllt eine wichtige Lücke in der Literatur, indem er die Wirksamkeit von Briefen mit abschreckenden (Vollstreckung) und nicht-abschreckenden (soziale Norm) Mitteilungen untersucht, die darauf abzielen, die Eintreibung von Verkehrs- und Parkbußen zu verbessern. Wir diskutieren mögliche Mechanismen, durch die diese Briefe die Einhaltung von Bußgeldern beeinflussen können und präsentieren Ergebnisse von einem natürlichen Feldexperiment, das in Zusammenarbeit mit der Regierung des Australian Capital Territory (ACT) durchgeführt wurde. Wir finden, dass beide Briefe die Bußgeldzahlungen im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe, die keinen Brief erhalten hat, signifikant erhöhen. Der Effekt des Vollstreckungsbriefes ist stärker als der des sozialen Norm-Briefes. Unsere Analyse heterogener Effekte zeigt, dass das Ansprechen sozialer Normen das Verhalten von jungen Straftätern, von Personen, die eine Geschwindigkeitsüberschreitung begangen haben, von Personen mit einer lang ausstehenden Schuld und von Personen mit einer Verschuldung über dem Median nicht verändert. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Vollstreckungsbrief generell über alle Untergruppen hinweg wirksam.

     

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    ISBN: 9783969730416
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249303
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #900
    Schlagworte: Fine compliance; natural field experiment; nudges; enforcement; social norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Does media visibility make EU fiscal rules more effective?
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

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    ISBN: 9789276446231
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 155 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: fiscal rules; fiscal councils; media visibility; tonality of news; enforcement; panel data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Heterogeneous returns of informality: evidence from Brazil
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Banco de la República Colombia, Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER), Cartagena

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    hdl: 20.500.12134/10378
    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo sobre economía regional y urbana ; no. 310 (june, 2022)
    Schlagworte: Labor informality; labor regulation; enforcement; marginal treatment effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Nautical patrol and illegal fishing practices
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We uncover a hidden illegal fishing practice: the use of fishing nets with illegally small mesh size. The small mesh prevents nearly all fish of saleable size from escaping the net, but also traps a large number of fish which are too small to be sold... mehr

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    We uncover a hidden illegal fishing practice: the use of fishing nets with illegally small mesh size. The small mesh prevents nearly all fish of saleable size from escaping the net, but also traps a large number of fish which are too small to be sold on the market and are therefore discarded at sea. Our approach relies on readily available data on reported fish landings rather than on data from inspections, which are rare, and which tend to be anticipated by fishermen. We focus on bottom trawling, the world's most widely used fishing method. We exploit the fact that using illegally small mesh size strongly increases the share of small fish in the catch. Using quasi-random variation in nautical patrol as a source of variation in the incentive to comply, we show that in weeks without patrol the share of small fish in the landed catch is systematically larger than in adjacent weeks with patrol. Our results are in line with widespread use of illegally small mesh.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15543
    Schlagworte: enforcement; regulation; environmental economics; fisheries
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The effectiveness of revolving door laws
    evidence from government debt management
    Autor*in: Silano, Filippo
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  Universität Hamburg, Fakultät für Rechtswissenschaft, [Hamburg]

    The increasing presence of the revolving door across several dimensions of statecraft has prompted the introduction of laws addressing the phenomenon's risks. Focusing on executive branches in charge of issuing and managing government debt - debt... mehr

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    The increasing presence of the revolving door across several dimensions of statecraft has prompted the introduction of laws addressing the phenomenon's risks. Focusing on executive branches in charge of issuing and managing government debt - debt management units (DMUs) -, this article delivers a case study assessing the effectiveness of revolving door policies, with the overarching purpose of designing regulatory solutions. In government debt management, the revolving door denotes the transition of employees working at the dealers to DMUs, and vice versa. Dealers are financial institutions either appointed by the domestic DMU to participate in auctions of government securities, or exclusively distributing bonds in the secondary market. Drawing on a comparative legal analysis across eight OECD countries and career data from a sample of public debt managers, this study provides empirical evidence that despite legislations curbing the revolving door are in force, the dynamic is free to flow. Reasons are lack of effective monitoring, credible enforcement mechanisms and adequate ethical culture. Addressing shortcomings, policy proposals advocate the establishment of independent oversight bodies endowed with sanctioning power, and measures enhancing the transparency of public officials' career moves. Identifying and plugging loopholes in the framework in force, this study aims at steering policymakers through the ongoing process of modernising conflict of interest regulation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/264441
    Schriftenreihe: Institute of Law and Economics working paper series ; no. 63 (2022)
    Schlagworte: revolving doors; conflicts of interest; public integrity; government debt management; effectiveness of policies; enforcement; regulatory governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Revealing 21 per cent of GDP in hidden assets
    evidence from Argentina's tax amnesties
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper studies the effectiveness of tax amnesties and their impacts on capital taxation and public spending. We leverage rich policy variation from Argentina, where left- and right-wing governments implemented multiple programmes and achieved... mehr

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    This paper studies the effectiveness of tax amnesties and their impacts on capital taxation and public spending. We leverage rich policy variation from Argentina, where left- and right-wing governments implemented multiple programmes and achieved varying success. After numerous failed enforcement efforts, its 2016 scheme reportedly revealed assets worth 21 per cent of GDP-the world's most successful tax amnesty. We use detailed data from fiscal tabulations spanning two decades and obtain three key results. First, despite substantial offshore tax evasion, declared foreign assets quadrupled after the 2016 amnesty. Second, disclosures were extensive among the wealthiest 0.1 per cent of individuals, who more than doubled their declared assets. Third, improving tax compliance has sizeable fiscal externalities on capital taxes and social transfers: the wealth and capital income tax bases more than doubled, and the amnesty's earmarked revenue boosted pension benefits by 15 per cent. We conclude by discussing the lessons from Argentina's experience with amnesty programmes.

     

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    ISBN: 9789292672379
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    hdl: 10419/273897
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 103
    Schlagworte: tax evasion; amnesties; enforcement; Argentina
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Growth or goods
    examining tax morale among property owners in lagos
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  The International Centre for Tax and Development at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK

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    ISBN: 9781804700488
    Schriftenreihe: ICTD working paper ; 149
    Schlagworte: tax morale; enforcement; public services; property values; survey experiment; Lagos; Nigeria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Tax policies, informality, and real wage rigidities
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Banco de la Republica Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

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    hdl: 20.500.12134/10661
    Schriftenreihe: Borradores de economía ; no.1245 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Informality; payroll taxes; fiscal policy; enforcement; search frictions,shirking
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Perceived fairness and regulatory policy
    a behavioural science perspective on government-citizen interactions
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    A great deal of research in psychology and policy studies has demonstrated that when citizens feel fairly treated in their encounters with government agencies, they are more likely to accept and comply with regulatory rules and decisions, to feel... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    A great deal of research in psychology and policy studies has demonstrated that when citizens feel fairly treated in their encounters with government agencies, they are more likely to accept and comply with regulatory rules and decisions, to feel included in society and to trust their government. This paper explains how careful design of rocedures in the development and administration of laws and regulations and targeted training of officials can enhance perceived fairness and produce greater decision acceptance and compliance. It draws on a large number of empirical studies in different policy settings and countries to identify three key factors that drive perceived fairness: voice, respect and explanations. Successful programs to improve subjective justice must be built upon a foundation of objective justice: attempts to simulate fairness without actually providing objectively fair procedures tend to provoke very negative reactions when the true nature of the unfair process is discovered. Findings of this paper feed into OECD work on trust, open government and stakeholder engagement.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: OECD regulatory policy working papers ; no. 6
    Schlagworte: compliance; enforcement; citizen; trust; regulatory policy; behavioural economics; appeal process; consultation; inclusive; Governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. How to improve tax compliance?
    evidence from population-wide experiments in Belgium
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: CEP discussion paper ; no 1621 (May 2019)
    Schlagworte: Tax compliance; field experiments; simplification; enforcement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Does wage theft vary by demographic group?
    evidence from minimum wage increases
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using Current Population Survey data, we assess whether and to what extent the burden of "wage theft" - wage payments below the statutory minimum wage - falls disproportionately on various demographic groups following minimum wage increases. For most... mehr

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    Using Current Population Survey data, we assess whether and to what extent the burden of "wage theft" - wage payments below the statutory minimum wage - falls disproportionately on various demographic groups following minimum wage increases. For most racial and ethnic groups at most ages we find that underpayment rises similarly as a fraction of realized wage gains in the wake of minimum wage increases. We also present evidence that the burden of underpayment falls disproportionately on relatively young African American workers and that underpayment increases more for Hispanic workers among the full working-age population.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282677
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16550
    Schlagworte: minimum wage; subminimum wage; compliance; noncompliance; enforcement; underpayment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The economics of copyright in the digital age
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Intellectual property rights are fundamental to how economies organize innovation and steer the diffusion of knowledge. Copyright law, in particular, has developed constantly to keep up with emerging technologies and the interests of creators,... mehr

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    Intellectual property rights are fundamental to how economies organize innovation and steer the diffusion of knowledge. Copyright law, in particular, has developed constantly to keep up with emerging technologies and the interests of creators, consumers, and intermediaries of the different creative industries. We provide a synthesis of the literature on the law and economics of copyright in the digital age, with a particular focus on the available empirical evidence. First, we discuss the legal foundations of the copyright system and developments of length and scope throughout the era of digitization. Second, we review the literature on technological change with its opportunities and challenges for the stakeholders involved. We give special attention to empirical evidence on online copyright enforcement, changes in the supply of works due to digital technology, and the importance of creative re-use and new licensing and business models. We then set out avenues for further research identifying critical gaps in the literature regarding the scope of empirical copyright research, the effects of technology that enables algorithmic licensing, and copyright issues related to software, data and artificial intelligence.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282375
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10687 (2023)
    Schlagworte: copyright; digitization; technology; enforcement; licensing; business models; evidence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  19. Weberian civil service and labor enforcement
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Most workers in the developing world do not receive the benefits they are legally entitled to. Why, then, is there so little public enforcement? This paper argues that this is partly because of a lack of an autonomous and professional bureaucracy.... mehr

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    Most workers in the developing world do not receive the benefits they are legally entitled to. Why, then, is there so little public enforcement? This paper argues that this is partly because of a lack of an autonomous and professional bureaucracy. Using a novel dataset with objective measures of labor inspections and fines across countries, we show that Weberian bureaucracies are more likely to enforce labor standards. We provide OLS and 2SLS estimates that address endogeneity concerns and use ethnographic evidence collected in Latin America to understand the mechanisms better. The case study suggests that politicized bureaucracies underinvest in labor inspection because elected officials have short-term horizons and do not internalize the social benefits of enforcement (such as formal job creation and enhancement of the rule of law) because they take time to materialize.

     

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    hdl: 10419/278993
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16295
    Schlagworte: enforcement; autonomy; compliance; state-capture; labor
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Optimal regulatory enforcement
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  [The Center for Law and Economic Studies, Columbia University School of Law], [New York, NY]

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    Schriftenreihe: Amsterdam Law School legal studies research paper ; no. 2023-36
    Amsterdam Center for Law & Economics working paper ; no. 2023-12
    Columbia law and economics working paper ; no. 669
    Schlagworte: deterrence; compliance; enforcement; participation; sanctions; rewards; carrots; sticks; administrative discretion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Measuring effective labor regulation in the less developed world
    recent advances and challenges ahead
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper reviews recent efforts in social science to analyze labor enforcement in low-andmiddle income countries (LMIC) and inform policy debates. Despite the existing limitations, the empirical evidence suggests that: 1) Enforcement is quite low... mehr

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    This paper reviews recent efforts in social science to analyze labor enforcement in low-andmiddle income countries (LMIC) and inform policy debates. Despite the existing limitations, the empirical evidence suggests that: 1) Enforcement is quite low in LMIC; there are fewer inspectors and inspections, lower penalties, and less trust in the judiciary compared to developed countries. 2) Increasing enforcement produces more compliance with little job destruction, although there is substantial debate and heterogeneity across countries. 3) Countries with more protective labor codes tend to enforce less. 4) Countries that become more open to trade also tend to enforce less. However, trade agreements with special clauses protecting workers can promote higher labor enforcement. 5) Inspection agencies in LMIC tend to focus their efforts on formal firms, leaving informal firms out of the radar which implies that the most vulnerable workers are usually excluded. 6) The constituency base of the government shapes labor enforcement, wherein labor-based governments devote more resources to inspection, although this is a debated issue. 7) Labor unions help promote enforcement, although in LMIC they can displace public inspections from small informal firms to larger formal firms because there is where labor unions members work. 8) Autonomous and professional bureaucracies do more labor enforcement presumably because they internalize the long-run benefits of enforcing the law and allow inspectors to accumulate experience.

     

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    hdl: 10419/289811
    Schriftenreihe: IZA policy paper ; no. 210
    Schlagworte: labor; inspections; enforcement; informality; development; judiciary
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  22. The political economy of enforcing fiscal rules
    Erschienen: [2017]
    Verlag:  KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business, Leuven, Belgi͏̈e

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    Schriftenreihe: MSI ; MSI_17, 01
    Schlagworte: Fiscal rules; Stability and Growth Pact; enforcement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  23. Perceived fairness and regulatory policy
    a behavioural science perspective on government-citizen interactions
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    A great deal of research in psychology and policy studies has demonstrated that when citizens feel fairly treated in their encounters with government agencies, they are more likely to accept and comply with regulatory rules and decisions, to feel... mehr

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    A great deal of research in psychology and policy studies has demonstrated that when citizens feel fairly treated in their encounters with government agencies, they are more likely to accept and comply with regulatory rules and decisions, to feel included in society and to trust their government. This paper explains how careful design of rocedures in the development and administration of laws and regulations and targeted training of officials can enhance perceived fairness and produce greater decision acceptance and compliance. It draws on a large number of empirical studies in different policy settings and countries to identify three key factors that drive perceived fairness: voice, respect and explanations. Successful programs to improve subjective justice must be built upon a foundation of objective justice: attempts to simulate fairness without actually providing objectively fair procedures tend to provoke very negative reactions when the true nature of the unfair process is discovered. Findings of this paper feed into OECD work on trust, open government and stakeholder engagement.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: OECD regulatory policy working papers ; no. 6
    Schlagworte: compliance; enforcement; citizen; trust; regulatory policy; behavioural economics; appeal process; consultation; inclusive; Governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. How Rome enabled impersonal markets
    Erschienen: March, 2016
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: March 2016
    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 881
    Schlagworte: property rights; enforcement; transaction costs; Roman law; impersonal exchange; personal exchange; New Institutional Economics; Law and Economics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
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  25. Minimum wage effects at different enforcement levels
    evidence from employment surveys in India
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Cornell Univ., Dep. of Applied Economics and Management, Ithaca, NY

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management ; 2014.12
    Schlagworte: Minimum wage; enforcement; employment; monopsony
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (33 S.), graph. Darst.