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  1. Discapacidad y construcciones de género en Después del invierno de Guadalupe Nettel
    Autor*in: Ávalos, Etna
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  iMex. México Interdisciplinario / Interdisciplinary Mexico

    Abstract ; In Guadalupe Nettel’s narratives, the representation of disability deconstructs various Latin American paradigms of 'normalcy', within a global context. Drawing primarily from her novel, Después del invierno (2014), this study focuses on... mehr

     

    Abstract ; In Guadalupe Nettel’s narratives, the representation of disability deconstructs various Latin American paradigms of 'normalcy', within a global context. Drawing primarily from her novel, Después del invierno (2014), this study focuses on the processes that confront the restrictive and oppressive notions of 'the feminine' and 'the masculine'. Following theoretical postulates that define disability as a social construction, as well as contemporary theories on gender and masculinities, this essay seeks to uncover the ways in which the normalization of otherness reveals the elastic and malleable identity of the protagonists. Consequently, the study also traces the reciprocal connection between gender and disability as portrayed in the novel, as well as the social perception of disability.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt AVL
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Spanische, portugiesische Literaturen (860)
    Schlagworte: literatura mexicana; Mexican Literature; gender; disability; body; masculinities; identity; Guadalupe Nettel
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    Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International ; creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  2. The economic status of people with disabilities and their families since the Great Recession
    Autor*in: Bengali, Leila; Daly, Mary C.; Lofton, Olivia; Valletta, Robert G.
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    People with disabilities face substantial barriers to sustained employment and stable, adequate income. We assess how they and their families fared during the long economic expansion that followed the Great Recession of 2007-09, using data from the... mehr

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    People with disabilities face substantial barriers to sustained employment and stable, adequate income. We assess how they and their families fared during the long economic expansion that followed the Great Recession of 2007-09, using data from the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) and the March CPS annual income supplement. We find that the expansion bolstered the well-being of people with disabilities and in particular their relative labor market engagement. We also find that applications and awards for federal disability benefits fell during the expansion. On balance, our results suggest that sustained economic growth can bolster the labor market engagement of people with disabilities and potentially reduce their reliance on disability benefits.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232917
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14165
    Schlagworte: disability; employment; income; program participation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The effect of labor market shocks across the life cycle
    Autor*in: Salvanes, Kjell G.; Willage, Barton; Willén, Alexander
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Adverse economic shocks occur frequently and may cause individuals to reevaluate key life decisions in ways that have lasting consequences for themselves and the economy. These life decisions are fundamentally tied to specific periods of an... mehr

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    Adverse economic shocks occur frequently and may cause individuals to reevaluate key life decisions in ways that have lasting consequences for themselves and the economy. These life decisions are fundamentally tied to specific periods of an individual's career, and economic shocks may therefore have substantially different impacts on individuals - and the broader economy - depending on when they occur. We exploit mass layoffs and establishment closures to examine the impact of adverse shocks across the life cycle on labor market outcomes and major life decisions: human capital investment, mobility, family structure, and retirement. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity on labor market effects and life decisions in response to economic shocks across the life cycle. Individuals at the beginning of their careers invest in human capital and relocate to new labor markets, individuals in the middle of their careers reduce fertility and adjust family formation decisions, and individuals at the end of their careers permanently exit the workforce and retire. As a consequence of the differential interactions between economic shocks and life decisions, the very long-term career implications of labor shocks vary considerably depending on when the shock occurs. We conclude that effects of adverse labor shocks are both more varied and more extensive than has previously been recognized, and that focusing on average effects among workers across the life cycle misses a great deal.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9491 (2021)
    Schlagworte: labor supply; human capital; education; fertility; family formation; mobility; retirement; disability; economic shocks; job displacement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Working and disability expectancies at old ages
    the role of childhood circumstances and education
    Autor*in: Lorenti, Angelo; Dudel, Christian; Hale, Jo Mhairi; Myrskylä, Mikko
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany

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    Schriftenreihe: MPIDR working paper ; WP 2020, 006 (February 2020)
    Schlagworte: USA; disability; early childhood; education; ethnicity; length of working life; Markov chains
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Parental disability and teenagers' time allocation
    Autor*in: Kalenkoski, Charlene; Pabilonia, Sabrina Wulff
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using the 2003-2019 American Time Use Survey, we examine how living with a parent who has a work-limiting disability is related to teenagers' time allocation. For girls, we find that living with a disabled parent is associated with less time spent on... mehr

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    Using the 2003-2019 American Time Use Survey, we examine how living with a parent who has a work-limiting disability is related to teenagers' time allocation. For girls, we find that living with a disabled parent is associated with less time spent on educational activities, including both class time and homework, less time spent on shopping, and more time spent on market work, pet care, and leisure. For boys, living with a disabled parent is associated with less time spent sleeping. In addition, when examining the time spent by girls and boys in two-parent households, we find that the gender of the disabled parent matters. Girls living with a disabled mother in a two-parent household spend less time on educational activities and more time on market work and pet care, suggesting that girls may take on some of a disabled mother's activities. Boys living with a disabled mother in a two-parent household spend more time on homework and less time on housework and caring for household children. However, if their father is disabled, boys spend more time on food preparation and cleanup. Boys living with a disabled father also spend less time with their mother. Thus, there are differences in teens' time use that depend on both the gender of the teen and of the disabled parent, with teen girls likely being worse off than teen boys. Our results suggest that differences in teenagers' time investments are a plausible mechanism for gender differences in intergenerational economic mobility by parental-disability status.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236447
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14416
    Schlagworte: disability; gender; time use; teenagers; schooling; homework
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  6. How important is health inequality for lifetime earnings inequality?
    Autor*in: Hosseini, Roozbeh; Kopecky, Karen A.; Zhao, Kai
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

    Using a dynamic panel approach, we provide empirical evidence that negative health shocks reduce earnings. The effect is primarily driven by the participation margin and is concentrated in less educated individuals and those with poor health. We... mehr

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    Using a dynamic panel approach, we provide empirical evidence that negative health shocks reduce earnings. The effect is primarily driven by the participation margin and is concentrated in less educated individuals and those with poor health. We build a dynamic, general equilibrium, life cycle model that is consistent with these findings. In the model, individuals whose health is risky and heterogeneous choose to either work, or not work and apply for social security disability insurance (SSDI). Health affects individuals' productivity, SSDI access, disutility from work, mortality, and medical expenses. Calibrating the model to the United States, we find that health inequality is an important source of lifetime earnings inequality: nearly 29 percent of the variation in lifetime earnings at age 65 is due to the fact that Americans face risky and heterogeneous life cycle health profiles. A decomposition exercise reveals that the primary reason why individuals in the United States in poor health have low lifetime earnings is because they have a high probability of obtaining SSDI benefits. In other words, the SSDI program is an important contributor to lifetime earnings inequality. Despite this, we show that it is ex ante welfare improving and, if anything, should be expanded.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244304
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2021,1 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: earnings; health; frailty; inequality; disability; dynamic panel estimation; life-cycle models
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Disability support and accessibility in ordinary schools in South Africa
    Autor*in: Deghaye, Nicola
    Erschienen: Mars 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch

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    Schriftenreihe: Stellenbosch economic working papers ; WP 2021, 05
    Schlagworte: disability; inclusion; learners with disabilities; learner support,schools; basic education; inclusive education; South Africa; teacher training
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Early life access to polio vaccines and declining disability rates in India
    Autor*in: Ambade, Mayanka; Menon, Nidhiya; Subramanian, S. V.
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We evaluate the impact of oral polio vaccines on the incidence of disabilities in India, focusing on polio-related disability. Polio was hyperendemic in India even as recently as the early 1990s but the country was declared wild polio virus-free in... mehr

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    We evaluate the impact of oral polio vaccines on the incidence of disabilities in India, focusing on polio-related disability. Polio was hyperendemic in India even as recently as the early 1990s but the country was declared wild polio virus-free in 2014. Average treatment effects on the treated from difference-in-differences with multiple time period models that condition on time-invariant demographic and socio-economic characteristics reveal that with access to oral polio vaccines in the year of birth, the incidence of any disability, locomotor disability and polio-related disability declined by 61.4%, 57.3% and 55.9%, respectively. We test for pre-trends and estimate alternate specifications that offer support for these results. Heterogeneity analyses show that in general, access to oral vaccines in the year of birth lowers the incidence of disabilities across gender, rural/urban and education stratifications. An exception is low-caste groups where there is some evidence that post-period average ATT rose. The eradication of polio saved a significant number of lives and brought measurable health and economic benefits to the country.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15094
    Schlagworte: polio; locomotor; disability; acute flaccid paralysis; oral polio vaccines; early childhood; difference-in-differences with multiple time period models
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The long-run impacts of adolescent drinking
    evidence from zero tolerance laws
    Autor*in: Abboud, Tatiana; Bellou, Andriana; Lewis, Joshua
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper provides the first long-run assessment of adolescent alcohol control policies on later-life health and labor market outcomes. Our analysis exploits cross-state variation in the rollout of "Zero Tolerance" (ZT) Laws, which set strict... mehr

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    This paper provides the first long-run assessment of adolescent alcohol control policies on later-life health and labor market outcomes. Our analysis exploits cross-state variation in the rollout of "Zero Tolerance" (ZT) Laws, which set strict alcohol limits for drivers under age 21 and led to sharp reductions in youth binge drinking. We adopt a difference-in-differences approach that combines information on state and year of birth to identify individuals exposed to the laws during adolescence and tracks the evolving impacts into middle age. We find that ZT Laws led to significant improvements in later-life health. Individuals exposed to the laws during adolescence were substantially less likely to suffer from cognitive and physical limitations in their 40s. The health effects are mirrored by improved labor market outcomes. These patterns cannot be attributed to changes in educational attainment or marriage. Instead, we find that affected cohorts were significantly less likely to drink heavily by middle age, suggesting an important role for adolescent initiation and habit-formation in affecting long-term substance use.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252238
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15114
    Schlagworte: Zero Tolerance laws; disability; alcohol consumption; labormarket
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Did the 2005 French Disabled workers Act increase the employment rate of people with disabilities?
    an econometric evaluation on panel data
    Autor*in: Barnay, Thomas; Duguet, Emmanuel; Videau, Yann
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Érudite laboratoire d'économie Paris-Est, [Marne-la-Vallée]

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    Schriftenreihe: Series of ERUDITE working papers ; no 2022, 01
    Schlagworte: policy evaluation; disability; employment; panel data; triple difference; France
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  11. Psychoanalytische Pädagogik und Soziale Arbeit
    verstehensorientierte Beziehungsarbeit als Voraussetzung für professionelles Handeln
    Autor*in: Eichler, Lutz; Finger-Trescher, Urte; Flaake, Karin; Gerspach, Manfred
    Erschienen: [2022]; © 2022
    Verlag:  Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen ; Nomos, Baden-Baden

    Psychoanalytisches Verstehen und psychoanalytisch fundierte Beziehungsarbeit sind eine wichtige Grundlage für professionelles Handeln in Pädagogik und Sozialer Arbeit. Die Autor:innen zeichnen Entwicklungslinien und theoretische Ansätze der... mehr

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    Psychoanalytisches Verstehen und psychoanalytisch fundierte Beziehungsarbeit sind eine wichtige Grundlage für professionelles Handeln in Pädagogik und Sozialer Arbeit. Die Autor:innen zeichnen Entwicklungslinien und theoretische Ansätze der Psychoanalytischen Pädagogik und Sozialen Arbeit nach und stellen grundlegende Konzepte für die Anwendung im Arbeitsalltag vor. Anhand zahlreicher Fallvignetten geben sie praktische Anregungen und ermutigen Fachkräfte dazu, sich Freiräume zum Nachdenken und Reflektieren zu schaffen. So können Klient:innen und deren Lebensrealitäten, Beziehungssituationen und Interaktionen sowie eigene Vorannahmen, blinde Flecken und emotionale Beteiligungen besser verstanden werden. Mit Beiträgen von Lutz Eichler, Urte Finger-Trescher, Karin Flaake, Manfred Gerspach, Marga Günther, Hans-Walter Gumbinger, Oliver Hechler, Joachim Heilmann, Evelyn Heinemann, Anke Kerschgens, Holger Kirsch, Christoph Kleemann, Sylvia Künstler, Susanne Kupper-Heilmann, Doris Maass, Thilo M. Naumann, Ursula Pforr, Bernhard Rauh, Gunzelin Schmid Noerr, Inge Schubert, Matthias N. Schubert, Angelika Schwab und Gisela Wiegand.

     
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  12. Disability and labor market outcomes
    disability is associated with labor market disadvantage : evidence points to this being a causal relationship
    Autor*in: Jones, Melanie
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    In Europe, about one in eight people of working age report having a disability; that is, a long-term limiting health condition. Despite the introduction of a range of legislative and policy initiatives designed to eliminate discrimination and... mehr

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    In Europe, about one in eight people of working age report having a disability; that is, a long-term limiting health condition. Despite the introduction of a range of legislative and policy initiatives designed to eliminate discrimination and facilitate retention of and entry into work, disability is associated with substantial and enduring labor market disadvantage in many countries. Identifying the reasons for this is complex, but critical to determine effective policy solutions that reduce the extent, and social and economic costs, of disability-related disadvantage.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260696
    Schriftenreihe: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 253v2
    Schlagworte: disability; discrimination; employment; earnings
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  13. Living standards of working-age disability benefits recipients in the UK
    Autor*in: Cribb, Jonathan; Karjalainen, Heidi; Waters, Tom
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We examine the living standards and health of working-age disabled people and disability benefits recipients over time in the UK. The UK’s disability benefits system (which is non-means-tested and in which receipt is unrelated to work status) has... mehr

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    We examine the living standards and health of working-age disabled people and disability benefits recipients over time in the UK. The UK’s disability benefits system (which is non-means-tested and in which receipt is unrelated to work status) has gone through a significant transformation since 2013 with the gradual replacement of the disability living allowance (DLA) with the personal independence payment (PIP). We establish four key facts. First, 6% of working-age individuals are now on disability benefits, up from 2% in 1992–93. This rise has been driven by claims for mental health and other psychiatric conditions, which are now the main disabling condition for 44% of claimants (27% back in 2002–03). Second, almost half of those in the most materially deprived tenth of the population are disabled, but most of that group do not receive disability benefits. Third, over the period that DLA has been replaced by PIP, a larger fraction of those with the poorest health have started to receive disability benefits, suggesting that the targeting of the benefits has improved on this margin. Fourth, simple event studies examining employment in the years around the reduction of disability benefits (following a government health reassessment) find no change before but a sharp (4 percentage point) rise immediately after loss of benefits, which grows to 10ppts four years after. This is not enough to offset the loss in income on average, and income poverty rises 10ppts in the year following the reduction. Nonetheless, we find limited evidence of claimants’ own assessment of their financial situation changing, suggesting that the benefits are removed at a time when they are less needed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267955
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 24
    Schlagworte: disability; benefits; welfare; living standards; material deprivation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Old-age unemployment and labor supply
    an application to Belgium
    Autor*in: Brouwer, Octave de; Tojerow, Ilan
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Over the last two decades, most OECD countries have reformed their social security in order to make early departures from the labor market increasingly difficult. Despite the fiscal gains that are expected from these reforms, it is likely that these... mehr

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    Over the last two decades, most OECD countries have reformed their social security in order to make early departures from the labor market increasingly difficult. Despite the fiscal gains that are expected from these reforms, it is likely that these gains from longer careers will be partly offset by increasing expenses on other social security programs. This article sheds light on this issue by ex-ploring the consequences of postponing access to an old-age unemployment program from age 58 to 60. The program provides laid-off workers with a combination of unemployment benefits and a monthly supplement paid by the employer until the full retirement age. Exploiting a rich set of administrative data, we study the effect of this reform on workers' employment and various social security benefits (i.e. unemployment, disability, early retirement and compensated working time reductions), using a triple difference method as identification strategy. Our results show that, for men, the reform had a positive effect on employment, with a small positive effect on a program called Time-Credit, i.e., a social security program that facilitates working time reductions at the end of the career. For women, we find no significant effect on employment but instead a large spillover effect on unemployment. We find that gender differences in job characteristics can help to explain this difference, since women are more likely to work in part-time, low-wage and blue-collar occupations than men, and no significant employment effects are found for these groups of workers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267365
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15628
    Schlagworte: disability; old-age unemployment; early retirement; senior employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The effect of labor market shocks across the life cycle
    Autor*in: Salvanes, Kjell G.; Willage, Barton; Willén, Alexander
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Adverse economic shocks occur frequently and may cause individuals to reevaluate key life decisions in ways that have lasting consequences for themselves and the economy. These life decisions are fundamentally tied to specific periods of an... mehr

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    Adverse economic shocks occur frequently and may cause individuals to reevaluate key life decisions in ways that have lasting consequences for themselves and the economy. These life decisions are fundamentally tied to specific periods of an individual's career, and economic shocks may therefore have substantially different impacts on individuals - and the broader economy - depending on when they occur. We exploit mass layoffs and establishment closures to examine the impact of adverse shocks across the life cycle on labor market outcomes and major life decisions: human capital investment, mobility, family structure, and retirement. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity on labor market effects and life decisions in response to economic shocks across the life cycle. Individuals at the beginning of their careers invest in human capital and relocate to new labor markets, individuals in the middle of their careers reduce fertility and adjust family formation decisions, and individuals at the end of their careers permanently exit the workforce and retire. As a consequence of the differential interactions between economic shocks and life decisions, the very long-term career implications of labor shocks vary considerably depending on when the shock occurs. We conclude that effects of adverse labor shocks are both more varied and more extensive than has previously been recognized, and that focusing on average effects among workers across the life cycle misses a great deal.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267371
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15634
    Schlagworte: labor supply; human capital; education; fertility; family formation; mobility; retirement; disability; economic shocks; job displacement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  16. Impact of the right to education on school enrolment of children with disabilities
    evidence from India
    Autor*in: Varghese, Vinitha Rachel
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    I evaluate the impact of the right to education from the passing of the Right to Education Act in India in 2009. This Act guaranteed free education to children aged 6-14 years, including children with disabilities. Given that the school participation... mehr

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    I evaluate the impact of the right to education from the passing of the Right to Education Act in India in 2009. This Act guaranteed free education to children aged 6-14 years, including children with disabilities. Given that the school participation deficit associated with disability is large, I provide results that are a relief to policy-makers. I use an event study estimation and an interrupted time series research design and find that the Right to Education Act led to a 60 per cent increase in schooling among children with disabilities within three years. The estimate is driven by enrolment across all grades. I also provide suggestive evidence that the estimate is not driven by an increase in the number of schools or in disability-friendly ramps within schools.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 91
    Schlagworte: disability; children; education; enrolment; schooling
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The long-term effects of a medical intervention
    determinants and implications of orthotic equipment failure
    Autor*in: Abubakar, Aisha; Bridges, Sarah; Owens, Trudy
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham, Nottingham

    This paper tracks the outcomes of a medical intervention which provided lower limb orthosis to adults with disabilities between 2012 and 2018. Six years after the intervention, over one-third of the recipients were still using their orthotic devices.... mehr

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    This paper tracks the outcomes of a medical intervention which provided lower limb orthosis to adults with disabilities between 2012 and 2018. Six years after the intervention, over one-third of the recipients were still using their orthotic devices. Using a discrete time hazard model, the analysis examines the speed at which the orthotic devices failed and evaluates how personal characteristics and clinical factors acted as potential risk markers of early equipment failure. The study finds that the peak time of failure lay between the fourth- and fifth-year post-fitting, with the probability of orthosis failure being significantly lower for women, the elderly and most importantly, those who had access to follow up care compared to their respective counterparts. The study also analysed the implications of orthotics failure on life satisfaction, health-related quality of life and severity of disability, which are designed to measure subjective wellbeing. Notably, the results indicate that access to follow up care improves functional efficiency, while failure of the orthosis consistently acts as a negative correlate of wellbeing.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284120
    Schriftenreihe: CREDIT research paper ; no. 23, 03
    Schlagworte: disability; orthotic equipment; long-term outcomes; subjective wellbeing; Uganda
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  18. To include or not to include?
    firm employment decisions with respect to the German disabled worker quota
    Autor*in: Hiesinger, Karolin
    Erschienen: 16 November 2022
    Verlag:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg, Germany

    This paper analyzes whether financial disincentives affect firm demand for disabled workers. In Germany, firms must pay a noncompliance fine if they do not meet their legal quota for disabled workers. I exploit a threshold in this quota: Firms with... mehr

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    This paper analyzes whether financial disincentives affect firm demand for disabled workers. In Germany, firms must pay a noncompliance fine if they do not meet their legal quota for disabled workers. I exploit a threshold in this quota: Firms with fewer than 40 employees are required to employ one disabled worker, whereas firms with 40 or more employees must employ two disabled workers. Using administrative firm data, my results suggest that firms respond partially to the threshold and employ 0.388 more disabled workers when they are located just above the threshold. The effect remains positive after correcting for bunching behavior. In Deutschland müssen Unternehmen eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen, wenn sie die gesetzliche Quote zur Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen nicht erfüllen. Im vorliegenden Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit die Ausgleichsabgabe die Arbeitsnachfrage von Unternehmen beeinflusst. Dabei nutze ich eine Schwellenwertregelung innerhalb der Schwerbehindertenquote: Unternehmen mit mindestens 20, aber weniger als 40 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens eine Person mit Schwerbehinderung beschäftigen, Unternehmen mit mindestens 40, aber weniger als 60 Beschäftigte müssen mindestens zwei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen. Mit Hilfe administrativer Unternehmensdaten schätze ich den Schwellenwerteffekt auf die Anzahl der Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen im Unternehmen. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen zum Teil auf die Regelung reagieren und im Durchschnitt 0,388 mehr Personen mit Schwerbehinderungen beschäftigen, wenn sie sich knapp oberhalb des Schwellenwertes befinden. Dieser Effekt bleibt auch dann positiv, wenn berücksichtigt wird, dass manche Unternehmen bewusst unterhalb der Schwelle bleiben.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IAB-discussion paper ; 2022, 25
    Schlagworte: disability; employment quota; noncompliance fine; administrative data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The employment effects of the disability education gap in Europe
    Autor*in: Albinowski, Maciej; Magda, Iga; Rozszczypała, Agata
    Erschienen: February 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the role of education in creating employment opportunities for persons with disabilities across the European Union. We use the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for 2011-2019. We find that educational... mehr

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    We investigate the role of education in creating employment opportunities for persons with disabilities across the European Union. We use the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for 2011-2019. We find that educational attainment is a major factor determining the probability of employment among persons with disabilities. In particular, the employment effects of tertiary education are much larger among persons with disabilities than among non-disabled people: that is, having a disability is a greater disadvantage for less educated than for better educated people. We provide evidence that the endogeneity of educational attainment does not drive these findings. We also uncover substantial heterogeneity in the role of education between countries. In more developed countries, the employment status of persons with disabilities is generally less dependent on their educational attainment. Overall, we estimate that 20% of the disability employment gap in the 25-34 age group can be attributed to the gap in education between individuals with and without disabilities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272559
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15932
    Schlagworte: disability; employment; educational attainment; European Union
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Estimating the effects of the ADA Amendments Act on the hiring and termination of individuals with disabilities, using new disability categorizations
    Autor*in: Button, Patrick; Armour, Philip; Hollands, Simon
    Erschienen: 1-30-2023
    Verlag:  W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI

    Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability... mehr

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    Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability discrimination laws affect economic outcomes, namely hiring rates, for individuals with disabilities. We estimate the effect of the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) on employment transitions: hirings and terminations for individuals with disabilities relative to those without disabilities. To calculate employment transitions, we use data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We also use the SIPP to develop additional measures and categorizations of disability based on whether the conditions are physical or mental, and whether they are salient to an employer at the hiring stage. We find that the ADAAA is generally associated with positive employment effects: increases or no effects on hiring rates, and decreases or no effects on termination rates. Our strongest and most robust results are that we find increases in hiring for those with nonsalient physical conditions and decreased terminations for those with salient physical conditions. Our results suggest that the effects of the ADAAA vary by disability type-especially by disability saliency-and are stronger for the groups most targeted by broader coverage of the ADAAA.

     
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    hdl: 10419/283972
    Schriftenreihe: Upjohn Institute working paper ; 22, 377
    Schlagworte: disability; employment discrimination; discrimination law; Americans with Disabilities Act; Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act; Sutton Trilogy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten)
  21. Telework during the pandemic
    patterns, challenges, and opportunities for people with disabilities
    Autor*in: Ameri, Mason; Kruse, Douglas L.; Park, So Ri; Rodgers, Yana; Schur, Lisa A.
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Telework has benefits for many people with disabilities. The pandemic may create new employment opportunities for people with disabilities by increasing employer acceptance of telework, but this crucially depends on the occupational structure. We... mehr

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    Telework has benefits for many people with disabilities. The pandemic may create new employment opportunities for people with disabilities by increasing employer acceptance of telework, but this crucially depends on the occupational structure. We compare people with and without disabilities in the expansion of telework as the pandemic began, and the evolution of telework during the pandemic. We use U.S. data from the American Community Survey from 2008 to 2020 and the Current Population Survey over the May 2020 to April 2022 period. Prevalence and trends are analyzed using linear probability and multinomial logit regressions. While workers with disabilities were more likely than those without disabilities to telework before the pandemic, they were less likely to telework during the pandemic. The occupational distribution accounts for most of this difference. Tight labor markets, as measured by state unemployment rates, particularly favor people with disabilities obtaining telework jobs. While people with cognitive/mental health and mobility impairments were the most likely to telework during the pandemic, tight labor markets especially favored the expansion of telework for people with vision impairments and difficulty with daily activities inside the home. Many people with disabilities benefit from working at home, and the pandemic has increased employer acceptance of telework, but the current occupational distribution limits this potential. Tighter labor markets during the recovery offer hope that employers will increasingly hire people with disabilities in both telework and non-telework jobs. Disability, employment, telework, pandemic, flexibility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272382
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15755
    Schlagworte: disability; employment; telework; COVID-19; flexibility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Disability and labor market performance
    Autor*in: Collischon, Matthias; Hiesinger, Karolin; Pohlan, Laura
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: newly disabled individuals' probability of becoming nonemployed increases by 10 percentage points after one year and by 15 percentage points after five years relative to that of the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older and low-skilled individuals.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16100
    Schlagworte: disability; labor market outcomes; propensity score matching; event study
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Ableism differs by disability, gender and social context
    evidence from vignette experiments
    Autor*in: Timmons, Shane; McGinnity, Frances; Carroll, Eamonn
    Erschienen: May 22, 2023
    Verlag:  ESRI, Economic & Social Research Institute, Dublin

    Existing research on ableism has conceptualised it as a general attitude, rather than one that can manifest differently depending on the nature of the disability, the disabled person's gender and the social context. Our aim was to investigate... mehr

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    Existing research on ableism has conceptualised it as a general attitude, rather than one that can manifest differently depending on the nature of the disability, the disabled person's gender and the social context. Our aim was to investigate variation in attitudes to disability depending on these factors. A nationally representative sample of 2,000 adults read a series of vignettes about issues faced by disabled people, relating to education, employment, de-institutionalisation, relationships and welfare payments. Vignettes varied by presence and type of disability and the protagonist's gender. Some vignettes asked participants whether it was acceptable to treat a disabled person in a specific way (e.g., not hire them for a job) and others asked whether it was acceptable for a disabled person to act in a certain way (e.g., to engage in a romantic relationship). The study was pre-registered and has open materials, data and analysis code. Judgements about how a disabled person was treated showed clear evidence of ableism towards some disabilities (e.g., autism, mental health issues) but not others (e.g., a spine disorder). Judgements about the actions of a disabled person were more nuanced. A disability-gender intersectionality effect was observed for judgements about romantic relationships, with physically disabled women penalised compared to men but no such difference observed for intellectual disability. No intersectionality or ableism was observed on a vignette about refusing poorly paid work. Having a close relationship with someone who has a disability predicted more positive attitudes across social contexts. We find clear evidence that ableism manifests differently depending on the nature of the individual's disability, their gender and the social context, questioning the previous conceptualisation of ableism as a general attitude. There is considerable scope for further research investigating the forms ableism can take and the conditions that elicit it.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: ESRI working paper ; no. 752 (May 2023)
    Schlagworte: ableism; disability; mental health; stigma; discrimination; gender; experiment; stereotype content model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Promoting healthy living in Latin America and the Caribbean
    governance of multisectoral activities to prevent risk factors for noncommunicable diseases
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The Latin American and Caribbean region has been undergoing a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition, which has had important health and economic consequences. Not only is the population aging rapidly, it is also experiencing major... mehr

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    The Latin American and Caribbean region has been undergoing a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition, which has had important health and economic consequences. Not only is the population aging rapidly, it is also experiencing major lifestyle changes. These changes, in turn, have altered the disease and mortality profile of the region, resulting in a greater weight of noncommunicable diseases-such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes-within the overall disease burden. As they affect more and more people, noncommunicable diseases pose a growing economic and development threat

     
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    ISBN: 9781464800177
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/16376
    Schriftenreihe: Array
    Directions in Development--Human Development
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitsvorsorge; Gesundheitspolitik; Gesundheitsrisiko; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; disability; economic impact; NCDs; health systems cost; intermediate risk factors; high blood pressure/hypertension; high blood cholesterol; high blood glucose; overweight; obesity; modifiable behavioral risk factors; unhealthy diets; physical inactivity; tobacco use; alcohol abuse; multi-sectoral interventions; non-communicable diseases; population aging
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 221 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Enth. 6 Beitr

    Front Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Box; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Overview; The Health and Economic Burden of NCDs in LAC; Risk Factors for NCDs in LAC; International Experience in Multisectoral Interventions to Prevent Health Risk Factors: Overcoming Governance Challenges Involved in Their Design and Implementation; Multisectoral Interventions to Prevent Health Risk Factors in LAC-The Unfinished Agenda; Notes; Bibliography; Introduction; Note; Bibliography; Chapter 1 Noncommunicable Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean

    Who Is Most Affected?Differences in NCD Death Rates by Sex; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 2 Risk Factors for NCDs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Chapter 3 Economic Impact of NCDs in Latin America and the Caribbean; Chapter 4 Governance of Multisectoral Interventions to Promote Healthy Living: International Examples; Chapter 5 Multisectoral Interventions to Promote Healthy Living in Latin America and the Caribbean; Chapter 6 Lessons Learned and Agenda for the Future

    Appendix A Survey Sources, Health Status Surveyed, and Information on NCDs and Disability, for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, and Honduras, Various YearsAppendix B Dietary Analysis Methodology; Back Cover
  25. Can immigrants insure against shocks as well as the native-born?
    Autor*in: Islam, Asadul; Stillman, Steven; Worswick, Christopher
    Erschienen: [2016]
    Verlag:  [Monash University, Monash Business School, Department of Economics], [Canberra]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Monash Business School, Department of Economics ; 16, 31
    Schlagworte: job loss; income; consumption; labour supply; disability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)