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  1. Digitalization, e-commerce, and private sector development in Arab states
    Autor*in: Mahroum, Samu
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1487 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: E-commerce; MENA; digital trade
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. How ready are we?
    measuring the Philippines' readiness for digital trade integration with the Asia-Pacific
    Autor*in: Quimba, Francis Mark A.; Calizo, Sylwyn C.; Carlos, Jean Clarisse T.; Albert, Jose Ramon G.
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    This study assessed the Philippines' readiness for regional digital trade integration with the Asia-Pacific by using the Regional Digital Trade Integration Index (RDTII) framework to provide an analytical overview of the Philippines' digital trade... mehr

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    This study assessed the Philippines' readiness for regional digital trade integration with the Asia-Pacific by using the Regional Digital Trade Integration Index (RDTII) framework to provide an analytical overview of the Philippines' digital trade policy and regulatory environment. Using the RDTII framework, the Philippines reported an overall RDTII score of 0.342 in 2020, which rates the country as having a slightly restrictive digital trade environment. In the same year, the Philippines performed best in three pillars: pillar 1 (tariffs and trade defense measures), pillar 6 (cross-border data policies), and pillar 8 (intermediary liability and content access). All of these three pillars scored less than 0.200, thus, indicating a nonrestrictive policy and regulatory environment. In contrast, the Philippines performed worst in three pillars: pillar 2 (public procurement), pillar 3 (foreign direct investment), and, pillar 5 (telecommunications infrastructure and competition). These three pillars reported a score of above 0.610, characterized by having a strongly restrictive policy and regulatory environment. Meanwhile, the Philippines was found to be slightly restrictive in intellectual property rights (pillar 4), domestic policies on the use of data (pillar 7), quantitative trade restrictions (pillar 9), standards (pillar 10), and online sales and transactions (pillar 11), which all received a score ranging from 0.210-0.400. This study finds that the Philippines generally has an open policy environment for digital trade, which suggests that it is ready for digital trade integration with the region. However, the proper implementation of some of these policies has not been fully achieved, and this could be a great obstacle or challenge to regional integration.

     
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    hdl: 10419/241065
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2021, 17 (May 2021)
    Schlagworte: digital economy; regional integration; digital trade; Philippines; RDTII; regional digital trade integration index
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Costs and benefits of new disciplines on electronic commerce
    Autor*in: Serafica, Ramonette B.; Quimba, Francis Mark A.; Cuenca, Janet S.
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    In January 2020, the Philippines joined the World Trade Organization Joint Statement Initiative on E-commerce which seeks to develop a multilateral agreement on trade-related aspects of e-commerce. This paper explores the costs and benefits of... mehr

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    In January 2020, the Philippines joined the World Trade Organization Joint Statement Initiative on E-commerce which seeks to develop a multilateral agreement on trade-related aspects of e-commerce. This paper explores the costs and benefits of possible trade disciplines, particularly the moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions. Based on estimates of digitizable products, the foregone revenue of a moratorium represents about 0.10 percent and 0.65 percent of national government revenues using the average MFN rate and the bound tariff rate, respectively. Estimates based on broader definitions of electronic transmission range from 0.59 to 1.38 percent and from 3.68 to 8.59 percent of national government revenues using the average MFN rate and bound rate, respectively. However, there are practical difficulties and policy constraints which could limit the actual intake from tariffs. Various barriers to cross-border data flows could also adversely affect not only data-intensive industries but the economy more broadly. Thus, the country should support trade rules that facilitate cross-border data flows. At the same time, the government must invest in digital infrastructure necessary for an efficient and effective tax system fit for the digital economy.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2020, 46 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: e-commerce; digital trade; WTO; RTAs; customs duties
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Intellectual property and digital trade
    mapping international regulatory responses to emerging issues
    Autor*in: Meier-Ewert, Wolf R.; Gutierrez, Jorge
    Erschienen: 3 February 2021
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    This paper explores how regulatory responses to emerging IP issues in digital trade may develop at the international level and in particular how existing mechanisms might influence the chances of developing internationally agreed rules in this... mehr

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    This paper explores how regulatory responses to emerging IP issues in digital trade may develop at the international level and in particular how existing mechanisms might influence the chances of developing internationally agreed rules in this regard. The primacy of state sovereignty in intellectual property up to the late 19th century gave way to the important WIPO treaties, which still retained some independence of member states and based international regulatory responses directly on national experience. While more regulatory sovereignty was ceded in TRIPS, the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, the adoption of non-binding instruments (such as the WIPO Joint Recommendations in the area of trademarks) show the limits of decision making by consensus. International non-state solutions such as the Uniform DomainName Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) have introduced separate, technically determined solutions to specific IP issues. Proliferating free-trade agreements (FTAs) have emerged as a new platform to agree to IPrelated regulatory responses that can be used to project the national solutions of a few dominant FTA-partners. However, these FTAs have also served to give legally binding status to internationally agreed non-binding recommendations. These diverse approaches are apparent in recent IPregulatory responses to emerging digital issues that are particularly relevant for digital business models, including inter alia Internet service provider (ISP) liability, "safe harbour" provisions and the issue of orphan works, where there appears to be less agreement. Still further behind to reaching any kind of agreement are the emerging issues of online exhaustion, data mining and IP-related questions of artificial intelligence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/230618
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript Date: 1 August 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper ; ERSD-2021, 4
    Schlagworte: intellectual property; trade in knowledge; digital trade; TRIPS Agreement; Berne Convention; Paris Convention; WIPO Internet Treaties; Regional Trade Agreements; online exhaustion; safe harbour; ISP liability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Digital trade integration of the Philippines with Asia and the Pacific
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Trade, Investment and Innovation Division, Bangkok, Thailand

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    hdl: 20.500.12870/3788
    Schlagworte: digital economy; regional integration; digital trade; Philippines; RDTII; regional digital trade integration index
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Digital trade for post-covid recovery and resilience in the commonwealth
    Autor*in: Banga, Karishma; Raga, Sherillyn
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Commonwealth Secretariat, London

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    Schriftenreihe: International trade working paper / Commonwealth Secretariat ; 2021, 04
    Schlagworte: digital trade; COVID-19; economic recovery; information and communications technology; digital goods; e-commerce
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Digital reboot
    the case for a newly invigorated aid for digital trade initiative
    Autor*in: Lacey, Simon
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Commonwealth Secretariat, London

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    Schriftenreihe: International trade working paper / Commonwealth Secretariat ; 2021, 10
    Schlagworte: Aid for Digital Trade; Aid for Trade; digital trade; e-commerce; entrepreneurship
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Reconciling tax and trade rules in the digitalised economy
    challenges for ASEAN and East Asia
    Autor*in: Kelsey, Jane
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, [Jakarta]

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    Schriftenreihe: ERIA discussion paper series ; ERIA-DP-2021-28 = no. 395
    Schlagworte: electronic commerce; digital trade; digital services tax; CPTPP; RCEP; BEPS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Chinese data governance and trade policy
    from cyber sovereignty to the quest for digital hegemony?
    Autor*in: Borgogno, Oscar; Zangrandi, Michele Savini
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 759 (April 2023)
    Schlagworte: data governance; digital infrastructure; China; data sovereignty; digital trade
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Regulating the digital economy
    are we moving towards a "winwin" or a "lose-lose"?
    Autor*in: Gehl Sampath, Padmashree
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU‐MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2018, 005
    Schlagworte: digital economy; e-commerce; industry 4.0; digital trade; robotics and process automation; artificial intelligence; 3D printing; manufacturing; development; trade; free trade agreements; digital industrial policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Better together: how digital connectivity and regulation reduce trade costs
    Autor*in: Bellucci, Chiara; Rubínová, Stela; Piermartini, Roberta
    Erschienen: 14 November 2023
    Verlag:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    In this paper we study the impact of digitalization on trade costs in 58 economies over the period 2014 - 2018. Improvements in digital connectivity can reduce trade costs through multiple channels, including better access to information, lower... mehr

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    In this paper we study the impact of digitalization on trade costs in 58 economies over the period 2014 - 2018. Improvements in digital connectivity can reduce trade costs through multiple channels, including better access to information, lower transaction costs, the reduced need for business travel, more efficient customs and logistics, and easier communication. However, these positive effects depend on effective regulation that ensures trust in digital markets and open access to digital infrastructure, services and data. We assess the impact of digital connectivity, proxied by the number of active mobile broadband subscriptions per capita, on a broad measure of trade costs that captures all impediments that make international trade more difficult or costly than domestic trade. We estimate that a 10 percentage point higher digital connectivity is associated with around 2 per cent lower trade costs both in goods and services. Digital trade regulation that ensures cross-border connectivity and information flows amplifies the trade-cost-reducing effect of improved digital connectivity. This result is particularly strong in digitally deliverable services where the marginal effect of connectivity at the best regulation is 80 per cent larger than at the median regulation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/280397
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Manuscript date: 14 November 2023
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper ; ERSD-2023, 07
    Schlagworte: digital trade; trade costs; gravity model; digital regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  12. E-commerce and international trade
    the case for Indonesia and Malaysia
    Autor*in: Narayan, Seema
    Erschienen: Dezember 2023
    Verlag:  [Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia], [Jakarta]

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    Schriftenreihe: ERIA discussion paper series ; ERIA-DP-2023-22 = no. 494
    Schlagworte: Gravity export model; e-commerce; digital trade; supply chain; COVID-19; Indonesia; Malaysia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Multilateral and regional cooperation on digital trade rules and agreements in Asia-Pacific
    Autor*in: Du, Runqiu; Duval, Yann; Semenova, Maria; Sutthivana, Natnicha
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  ARTNeT, United Nations ESCAP, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand

    Rules on digital trade are rapidly taking shape as countries in Asia-Pacific and beyond strive to secure the benefits associated with e-commerce and the digitalization of trade in goods and services. At the multilateral level, the WTO holds promise... mehr

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    Rules on digital trade are rapidly taking shape as countries in Asia-Pacific and beyond strive to secure the benefits associated with e-commerce and the digitalization of trade in goods and services. At the multilateral level, the WTO holds promise to reach a plurilateral agreement on core e-commerce issues by the end of 2023. Although far-reaching outcome seems unlikely, e-commerce rules agreed in the WTO will potentially serve as baseline commitments on cooperation in digital trade. At the regional level, different approaches have emerged, and many preferential trade agreements (PTAs) already include increasingly comprehensive and advanced digital trade provisions (DTPs) and the number of Digital Economy Agreements (DEAs) is growing. Asia-Pacific economies are unevenly engaged in cooperation in digital trade rulemaking - East and South-East Asia economies have welcomed DTPs in their agreements and are taking the lead in developing DEAs, while Central Asia and South Asia economies are lagging especially in intra-regional cooperation within the subregions. The proliferation of DTPs reflects the expanding and deepening cooperation, it may, however, undermine the benefits of digital trade if the rules are not harmonized. The landscape is getting clearer as there is an emerging coherence in the coverage of DTPs across agreements. Nevertheless, further reducing regulatory heterogeneity will be important in enabling the effective participation of smaller firms and less developed countries in cross-border digital trade.

     
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    hdl: 10419/281403
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade ; no. 227 (2023)
    Schlagworte: digital trade; regional trade agreements; Asia-pacific
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Understanding digital trade
    Autor*in: Patrignani, Lilia
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 841 (April 2024)
    Schlagworte: digital trade; e-commerce; digital connectivity; trade agreements; data flows; digitalfragmentation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Paperless trade in regional trade agreements
    Autor*in: Duval, Yann; Mengjing, Kong
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Trade, Investment and Innovation Division, Bangkok

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    Schriftenreihe: Trade, investment and innovation working paper series ; no. 02 (Nov 16)
    Schlagworte: regional trade agreements; paperless trade; trade facilitation; digital trade; electronic certificates; trade integration; regional cooperation; free trade agreements; cross-border paperless trade; e-commerce; treaty; RTAs; WTO; ESCAP; Asia; Pacific
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen