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  1. Bank risk-taking and monetary policy transmission
    evidence from China
    Autor*in: Li, Xiaoming; Liu, Zheng; Peng, Yuchao; Xu, Zhiwei
    Erschienen: 28.10.2021
    Verlag:  BOFIT, the Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies, Helsinki

    We study the impact of China's 2013 implementation of Basel III on bank risk-taking and its responses to monetary policy shocks using confidential loan-level data from a large Chinese bank. Guided by theory, we use a difference-in-difference... mehr

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    We study the impact of China's 2013 implementation of Basel III on bank risk-taking and its responses to monetary policy shocks using confidential loan-level data from a large Chinese bank. Guided by theory, we use a difference-in-difference identification, exploiting cross-sectional differences in lending behaviors between highrisk and low-risk bank branches before and after the new regulations. We find that, through a risk-weighting channel, changes in regulations significantly reduced bank risktaking, both on average and conditional on monetary policy easing. However, banks reduce risk-taking by increasing lending to ostensibly low-risk state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under government guarantees, despite their low average productivity.

     
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    ISBN: 9789523233904
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249604
    Schriftenreihe: BOFIT discussion papers ; 2021, 15
    Schlagworte: bank risk-taking; banking regulations; risk-weighting; monetary policy; difference-in-difference; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Toward cleaner production
    can mobile phone technology help reduce inorganic fertilizer application? : evidence using a national level dataset
    Autor*in: Khan, Nawab; Ray, Ram L.; Kassem, Hazem S.; Ihtisham, Muhammad; Shahzad, Abdullah; Asongu, Simplice; Ansah, Stephen; Zhang, Shemei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and... mehr

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    Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and agricultural sustainability goals. The main objectives of this study were to assess MPU, mobile phone promotion policy, and whether the mediation role of human capital can help reduce IF use. This study used baseline regression analysis and propensity score matching, difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) to assess the impact of MPU on IF usage. However, the two-stage instrumental variables method (IVM) was used to study the effects of mobile phone promotion policy on IF usage. This study used a national dataset from 7,987 rural households in Afghanistan to investigate the impacts of MPU and associated promotion policies on IF application. The baseline regression outcomes showed that the MPU significantly reduced IF usage. The evaluation mechanism revealed that mobile phones help reduce IF application by improving the human capital of farmers. Besides, evidence from the DID technique showed that mobile phone promotion policies lowered IF application. These results remained robust after applying the PSM-DID method and two-stage IVM to control endogenous decisions of rural households. This study results imply that enhancing the accessibility of wideband in remote areas, promoting MPU, and increasing investment in information communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure can help decrease the IF application in agriculture. Thus, the government should invest in remote areas to facilitate access to ICTs, such as having a telephone and access to a cellular and internet network to provide an environment and facility to apply IF effectively. Further, particular policy support must focus on how vulnerable populations access the internet and mobile phone technologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249076
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 066
    Schlagworte: mobile phone usage; propensity score matching; difference-in-difference; inorganic fertilizer usage; human capital; sustainable development; Afghanistan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Exploring the heterogeneous effects of state price transparency laws on charge prices, negotiated prices, and operating costs
    Autor*in: Linde, Sebastian; Siebert, Ralph
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    To limit the dramatic growth of U.S. health care expenditures, some states have mandated that medical providers publicly report their charge prices. Our study evaluates the heterogeneous effects of this price transparency policy. We use a... mehr

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    To limit the dramatic growth of U.S. health care expenditures, some states have mandated that medical providers publicly report their charge prices. Our study evaluates the heterogeneous effects of this price transparency policy. We use a comprehensive database that covers more than 2,000 hospitals nationwide from 1996 to 2017. We employ a flexible generalized synthetic control method that allows for heterogeneous treatment effects. We find that the price transparency policy not only reduced charge prices by 3.9% (which corresponds to savings of $1,164 per hospital stay) but also diminished negotiated prices by 15.9% and hospital costs by 4.7%. Our estimation results show that the effects on charge prices do not last as long as the impacts on negotiated prices and costs. We also find large heterogeneous responses across hospitals that depend on: (1) hospitals’ past charge prices prior to adopting the price transparency law, that is, high-price hospitals reduce charge and negotiated prices, while low-price hospitals increase charges; (2) hospital characteristics such as ownership, case mix, and payer mix; and (3) hospital size and market competition. We also conduct counterfactuals to predict price changes of non-treated states and find large reductions in negotiated prices.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248893
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9348 (2021)
    Schlagworte: charge prices; difference-in-difference; heterogeneous treatment effects; hospitals; hospital costs; interactive fixed effects; negotiated prices; price transparency laws; synthetic controls
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The value of long-term relationships when selling to informal retailers - evidence from India
    Autor*in: Fatunde, Olumurejiwa A.; Calmon, Andre; Zegher, Joann F. de; Romero, Gonzalo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  [University of Toronto - Rotman School of Management], [Toronto]

    Attempts to distribute durable, life-improving goods to customers at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) – the more than three billion customers who live on less than US$2.50/day – through traditional supply chains or e-commerce have struggled to succeed... mehr

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    Attempts to distribute durable, life-improving goods to customers at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) – the more than three billion customers who live on less than US$2.50/day – through traditional supply chains or e-commerce have struggled to succeed at scale. One hypothesis for why distributors struggle to scale last-mile distribution is poor relationship management with small informal retailers, who are the primary source of retail purchases for BoP customers. These retailers are often embedded within communities, where local and long-term relationships are particularly important to business transactions. We provide empirical evidence for this hypothesis through an analysis of panel data from a distributor selling to 331 formal retailers and 493 informal retailers in India from April 2016-December 2019. Specifically, we study the role of long-term relationships in selling durable goods to informal retailers, by leveraging a staged natural experiment that allows us to examine the effect of a sales agent reallocation on subsequent orders placed by informal and formal retailers. Using two different quasi-experimental methods, we find that formal retailers experience an average performance decrease of at least 35.7% relative to predicted order value and then recover within three sales cycles of a sales agent reallocation; in contrast, informal retailers experience an average performance decrease of at least 70.4% relative to predicted order value, and do not experience sustained recovery within five sales cycles of a sales agent reallocation. This indicates that business relationships, and disruptions to these relationships, are particularly important when selling to retailers in informal markets

     
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    Schriftenreihe: [Rotman School of Management working paper ; no. 3792639]
    Schlagworte: Base of the Pyramid (BoP); causal inference; panel data; difference-in-difference
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Labour regulation shift and labour intensive manufacturing
    Autor*in: Nurina Merdikawati; Dong, Sarah Xue
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, [Canberra]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in trade and development ; no. 2021, 06
    Schlagworte: Large and medium manufacturing; labour intensive manufacturing; labourregulations; employment; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Democracy doesn't always happen overnight
    regime change in stages and economic
    Autor*in: Boese-Schlosser, Vanessa; Eberhardt, Markus
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Nottingham, GEP, [Nottingham]

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This draft: February 3, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; research paper 2021, 1
    Schlagworte: democracy; growth; political development; interactive fixed effects; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The health effects of universal early childhood interventions: evidence from Sure Start
    Autor*in: Cattan, Sarah; Conti, Gabriella; Farquharson, Christine; Ginja, Rita; Pecher, Maud
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We evaluate the short- and medium-term health impacts of Sure Start, a large-scale and universal early childhood program in England. We exploit the rollout of the program and implement a difference-in-difference approach, combining data on the exact... mehr

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    We evaluate the short- and medium-term health impacts of Sure Start, a large-scale and universal early childhood program in England. We exploit the rollout of the program and implement a difference-in-difference approach, combining data on the exact location and opening date of Sure Start centers with administrative data on the universe of admissions to public-sector hospitals. Exposure to an additional Sure Start center per thousand age-eligible children increases hospitalization by 10% at age 1 (around 6,700 hospitalizations per year), but reduces them by 8-9% across ages 11 to 15 (around 13,150 hospitalizations per year). These findings show that early childhood programs that are less intensive than small-scale 'model programs' can deliver significant health benefits, even in contexts with universal healthcare. Impacts are driven by hospitalizations for preventable conditions and are concentrated in disadvantaged areas, suggesting that enriching early childhood environments might be a successful strategy to reduce inequalities in health.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250529
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14868
    Schlagworte: early childhood intervention; health; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Cracking under pressure?
    gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in times of a pandemic
    Autor*in: Danzer, Natalia; Huebener, Mathias; Pape, Astrid; Spieß, C. Katharina; Siegel, Nico A.; Wagner, Gert G.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    This paper studies the effects of Covid-19 related daycare and school closures on gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in Germany. We compare women and men with dependent children to those without children one year after the outbreak of... mehr

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    This paper studies the effects of Covid-19 related daycare and school closures on gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in Germany. We compare women and men with dependent children to those without children one year after the outbreak of the pandemic. Using data on gender role attitudes from 2008 through 2021, we find that fathers’ egalitarian attitudes toward maternal employment dropped substantially in 2021. This drop is observed for men in West Germany, who showed a steady progression toward more egalitarian attitudes in the pre-pandemic period. Attitudes by women are not affected. These findings suggest that the pandemic not only affected the short-term allocation of housework and childcare, but also reversed recent trends toward more egalitarian gender roles.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1951
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; gender role attitudes; childcare; difference-in-difference; ALLBUS; COMPASS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The socioeconomic impact of coal mining in Mozambique
    Autor*in: Egger, Eva-Maria; Keller, Michael; Mouco, Jorge
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This study assesses the impact of four coal mines in Mozambique on the socioeconomic outcomes of the local population. We combine four waves of household surveys with coal mine locations data and employ a difference-in-difference model. The timing of... mehr

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    This study assesses the impact of four coal mines in Mozambique on the socioeconomic outcomes of the local population. We combine four waves of household surveys with coal mine locations data and employ a difference-in-difference model. The timing of the surveys allows us to control for pre-trends and to differentiate between the effects during the investment and production periods. The mines led to an increase in consumption and a decline in poverty, because of workers moving out of agriculture into higher-paid jobs in the mining and service sectors. This effect is especially strong for women, who gained wage jobs and reduced unpaid family work. Access to basic services, such as drinking water, electricity, and health services, improved. Primary education completion rates increased, while children's schooling was unaffected. Negative consequences were found related to the incidence of sickness and a decline in market access, which may be related to resettling programmes.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670481
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    hdl: 10419/243434
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 108
    Schlagworte: mining; coal mines; difference-in-difference; poverty; Mozambique
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Cracking under pressure?
    gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in times of a pandemic
    Autor*in: Danzer, Natalia; Huebener, Mathias; Pape, Astrid; Spieß, C. Katharina; Siegel, Nico A.; Wagner, Gert G.
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper studies the effects of Covid-19 related daycare and school closures on gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in Germany. We compare women and men with dependent children to those without children one year after the outbreak of... mehr

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    This paper studies the effects of Covid-19 related daycare and school closures on gender role attitudes toward maternal employment in Germany. We compare women and men with dependent children to those without children one year after the outbreak of the pandemic. Using data on gender role attitudes from 2008 through 2021, we find that fathers’ egalitarian attitudes toward maternal employment dropped substantially in 2021. This drop is observed for men in West Germany, who showed a steady progression toward more egalitarian attitudes in the pre-pandemic period. Attitudes by women are not affected. These findings suggest that the pandemic not only affected the short-term allocation of housework and childcare, but also reversed recent trends toward more egalitarian gender roles.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236686
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9144 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; gender role attitudes; childcare; difference-in-difference; ALLBUS; COMPASS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Valuing elementary schools
    evidence from public school acquisitions in Beijing
    Autor*in: Su, Xuejuan; Yu, Huayi
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  University of Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics, Edmonton

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics ; no. 2021, 4
    Schlagworte: School acquisition; public schools; housing price; hedonic model; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Ban on female migrant workers
    skills-differentiated evidence from Sri Lanka
    Autor*in: Weeraratne, Bilesha
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This study examines the skills-differentiated impact of a restrictive female labour migration policy in Sri Lanka using monthly departure data from 2012 to 2018 in a difference-indifference model. The Family Background Report policy has resulted in... mehr

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    This study examines the skills-differentiated impact of a restrictive female labour migration policy in Sri Lanka using monthly departure data from 2012 to 2018 in a difference-indifference model. The Family Background Report policy has resulted in decreasing departures among lower-skilled groups-female domestic, unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled workers-and increasing departures among middle-level and professional workers. The decrease in departures of lower-skilled groups is consistent with the objectives of the policy and existing impact evaluation studies, while the increase in higher-skilled workers is consistent with the literature on Family Background Report-related corruption and mis-reporting of skills to avoid the policy. Thus, the policy is associated with higher involvement of lower-skilled workers in recruitment-related corruption, higher exposure to recruitment-related vulnerability, and lower foreign employment opportunities. The study also finds that it was appropriate to exempt the 45-49 year age group from the Family Background Report requirement in 2017.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 44
    Schlagworte: labour migration; employment; female; difference-in-difference; skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Competition in French hospital: does it impact the patient management in healthcare?
    Autor*in: Milcent, Carine
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Paris School of Economics, Paris

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Paris School of Economics ; no 2021, 14
    Schlagworte: competition; hospital ownership; policy evaluation; length of stay; high-tech procedure; difference-in-difference; measure of market structure; heart attack
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  14. The effect of health shocks on labour market outcomes in Russia
    Autor*in: Aleksandrova, Ekaterina; Bagranova, Venera I.; Gerry, Christopher J.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  National Research University, Higher School of Economic, [Moscow]

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 237/EC/2020
    Schlagworte: health shock; labour market outcomes; matching; difference-in-difference; Russia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. How does the position in business group hierarchies affect workers' wages?
    Autor*in: Egger, Hartmut; Jahn, Elke J.; Kornitzky, Stefan
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We merge firm-level data on ownership linkages with administrative data on German workers to analyze how the position in a business group hierarchy affects workers' wages. To acknowledge that ownership linkages are not onedirectional, we propose an... mehr

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    We merge firm-level data on ownership linkages with administrative data on German workers to analyze how the position in a business group hierarchy affects workers' wages. To acknowledge that ownership linkages are not onedirectional, we propose an index of hierarchical distance to the ultimate owner that accounts for the complex network structure of business groups. After controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, we find a positive effect of larger hierarchical distance to the ultimate owner of a business group on workers' wages. To explain this finding, we develop a monitoring-based theory of business groups. Our model predicts higher wages to prevent shirking by workers if a larger hierarchical distance to the ultimate owner is associated with lower monitoring efficiency.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250617
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14956
    Schlagworte: business groups; ownership networks; workers wages; difference-in-difference; hierarchical distance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Learning-to-export effect as a response to export opportunities
    micro-evidence from Korean manufacturing
    Autor*in: Hahn, Chin Hee; Choi, Yong-seok
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, [Jakarta]

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    Schriftenreihe: ERIA discussion paper series ; ERIA-DP-2019-34 = no. 320
    Schlagworte: Learning-to-export; difference-in-difference; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The health effects of universal early childhood interventions
    evidence from sure start
    Autor*in: Cattan, Sarah; Conti, Gabriella; Farquharson, Christine; Ginja, Rita; Pecher, Maud
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  [Department of Economics, University of Bergen], [Bergen]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Bergen ; no. 21, 04
    Schlagworte: early childhood intervention; health; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Social security pension generosity and the effect on household saving
    Autor*in: Halvorsen, Elin; Jia, Zhiyang; Kruse, Herman; Vigtel, Trond C.
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo

    This paper examines the substitution between pension wealth and household saving by studying Norway's 2011 pension reform. The analysis identifies the effect of reductions in social security pension generosity on household saving using cohort, time... mehr

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    This paper examines the substitution between pension wealth and household saving by studying Norway's 2011 pension reform. The analysis identifies the effect of reductions in social security pension generosity on household saving using cohort, time and sector variation in pension wealth induced by the reform. Our study focuses on saving behavior between ages 57-61 for the 1954- 1956 birth cohorts, who are the first three birth cohorts affected by a reduction in future pension wealth due to the reform. We find that they increased their saving rate around 1.2 percentage points (annually) after the reform, which corresponds to a five-year increase in household saving of about 27,000 NOK. When taking into account the remaining life-cycle changes to household saving, this corresponds to an offset effect of about 56 percent of the total loss in pension wealth.

     
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    hdl: 10419/268065
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Statistics Norway, Research Department ; 989
    Schlagworte: Pension reform; household saving; difference-in-difference; quasi-natural experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Contracting out schools at scale
    evidence from Pakistan
    Autor*in: Crawfurd, Lee; Alam, Abdullah
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 622 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: Charter schools; difference-in-difference; Pakistan; PPPs; public-privatepartnerships
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Will the last be the first?
    school closures and educational outcomes
    Autor*in: Battisti, Michele; Maggio, Giuseppe
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, [Waterloo, Ontario]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis ; wp 22, 10
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; educational skills; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The causal effects of the darker side of financial development
    Autor*in: Cho, Rachel; Desbordes, Rodolphe; Eberhardt, Markus
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  University of Nottingham, GEP, [Nottingham]

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: July 4, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; research paper 2022, 4
    Schlagworte: financial development; economic growth; financial crises; difference-in-difference; interactive fixed effects; heterogeneous treatment effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Impact of TLTRO III on bank lending: the Slovak experience
    Autor*in: Falatha, Juraj; Kiššováb, Alena; Lojschová, Adriana
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  National Bank of Slovakia, Bratislava

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    Schriftenreihe: NSB Working paper / National Bank of Slovakia ; 2023,2
    Schlagworte: monetary policy; targeted longer-term refinancing operations; credit supply; carry trade; difference-in-difference; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Does the cost of foreign workers affect the wages of local agricultural workers?
    evidence from Israel
    Autor*in: Rittberg, Yuval; Qimḥî, Ayyāl
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  [The Hebrew University of Jerusalem], Rehovot, Israel

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Center for Agricultural Economic Research, Department of Environmental Economics and Management ; no. 20, 3
    Schlagworte: foreign workers; agricultural wages; difference-in-difference
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  24. Trade liberalization and human capital accumulation
    evidence from Indian census
    Autor*in: Azam, Mehtabul
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We exploit the pre-reform employment composition of Indian districts and differential tariff cuts across industries introduced by the 1991 trade liberalization to examine the impact of liberalization on human capital accumulation measured by... mehr

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    We exploit the pre-reform employment composition of Indian districts and differential tariff cuts across industries introduced by the 1991 trade liberalization to examine the impact of liberalization on human capital accumulation measured by completion of different stages of schooling and aggregate schooling. Using Census 2011 data, we divide age cohorts that attended school before and after liberalization to implement cohort wise difference-in-difference strategy. We also construct a district-level panel using four decennial censuses that covers 1981-2011 and get an alternative difference-in-difference estimate by looking at the pre and post liberalization outcomes. We find that once we allow for the differential state policies, there is no evidence that the Indian trade liberalization has any impact on either aggregate schooling or on the attainment at different stages of schooling. We find suggestive evidence that positive effect of the increased returns to education was mitigated by the increased opportunity cost of schooling.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15286
    Schlagworte: liberalization; human capital accumulation; difference-in-difference
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Workers' behavior after safety regulations
    impact evaluation of the Spanish Occupational Safety and Health Act
    Autor*in: Delgado-Cubillo, Pablo; Martín Román, Ángel L.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    While the 1995 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH) regulation transformed the outlook on workplaces in Spain, characterized by a lack of preventive protection, public statistics have reported an increasing trend in the postregulation workplace... mehr

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    While the 1995 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH) regulation transformed the outlook on workplaces in Spain, characterized by a lack of preventive protection, public statistics have reported an increasing trend in the postregulation workplace accident rates. This study uses microdata from official national statistics to examine the effect of the OSH regulation on the reported accidents while focusing on its severity. Accordingly, we apply a difference-in-difference assessment method where a comparable group is formed by the contemporaneous in itinere accidents (commuting), which are legally and statistically considered work-related accidents but not directly impacted by the OSH regulation, with a focus on the workplace environment. The results reveal that the nonfatal accident rate decreased after the implementation of the regulation. However, when we isolate the effect of the regulation on accidents that usually provoke hard-to-diagnose injuries (dislocations, back pain, sprains, and strains), we obtain a significant increase in the accident rate. Moral hazard mixed effects seem to have played a crucial role in these dynamics through overreporting and/or Peltzman effects, often offsetting accident reduction intended by the OSH regulation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/270936
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1277
    Schlagworte: OSH; impact evaluation; moral hazard; difference-in-difference
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