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  1. Welfare resilience at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in a selection of European countries
    impact on public finance and household incomes
    Autor*in: Cantó, Olga; Figari, Francesco; Fiorio, Carlo V.; Kuypers, Sarah; Marchal, Sarah; Romaguera de la Cruz, Marina; Tasseva, Iva V.; Verbist, Gerlinde
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK

    This paper assesses the impact on household incomes of the COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ policy responses in April 2020 in four large and severely hit European countries: Belgium, Italy, Spain and the UK. We provide comparative evidence on the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 150
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    This paper assesses the impact on household incomes of the COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ policy responses in April 2020 in four large and severely hit European countries: Belgium, Italy, Spain and the UK. We provide comparative evidence on the level of relative and absolute welfare resilience at the onset of the pandemic, by creating counterfactual scenarios using the European-wide tax-benefit model EUROMOD combined with COVID-related household surveys and timely labour market data. We find that income poverty increases in all countries due to the pandemic while inequality remains broadly the same. Differences in the impact of policies across countries arise from four main sources: the asymmetric dimension of the shock by country, the different protection offered by each tax-benefit system, the diverse design of discretionary measures and the differences in the household level circumstances and living arrangements of individuals at risk of income loss in each country.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259514
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 21, 04
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; household incomes; tax-benefit microsimulation; income protection; cross-country comparison
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Magnitude, global variation, and temporal development of the COVID-19 infection fatality burden
    Autor*in: Bohk-Ewald, Christina; Acosta, Enrique; Riffe, Tim; Dudel, Christian; Myrskylä, Mikko
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    Schriftenreihe: MPIDR working paper ; WP 2021, 024 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: mortality; infection fatality by age, sex, and time; cross-country comparison; sensitivity and robustness of results; COVID-19 data quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Labor market concentration and competition policy across the Atlantic
    Autor*in: Araki, Satoshi; Bassanini, Andrea; Green, Andrew S.; Marcolin, Luca; Volpin, Cristina
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Drawing upon data from the largest cross-country study of labor market concentration to date, this paper analyzes the level of concentration of labor input markets in Europe and North America and provides a comparative perspective on employers'... mehr

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    Drawing upon data from the largest cross-country study of labor market concentration to date, this paper analyzes the level of concentration of labor input markets in Europe and North America and provides a comparative perspective on employers' monopsony power. It explores the characteristics of monopsony in labor markets and documents its impact by looking at the magnitude of employer concentration in selected jurisdictions. Using a harmonized dataset of online vacancies, this paper shows that European labor markets are no more competitive than North American ones. It also supports the view that the effects of concentration on labor markets are broadly similar in both Europe and North America, despite the much stronger labor market institutions in Europe. The article shows that there is no apparent economic or legal justification for a lack of enforcement activity by European competition authorities in labor markets relative to the US. While enforcement action has picked up in the last two years in Europe, there is likely still scope for a significant increase in the role of competition enforcement in labor markets. The article identifies sectors and practices that may be scrutinized with priority by European competition authorities and proposes a mix of enforcement, merger control and well-targeted policy and regulatory solutions to address employers' monopsony power.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267378
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15641
    Schlagworte: labour market concentration; monopsony; cross-country comparison; competition enforcement
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Changes in attitudes towards gender norms following childbirth
    Autor*in: Van der Velde, Lucas
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, IOS, Regensburg

    While the increase in the gender wage gap following childbirth is well-documented in the literature much less is known about what stands behind this development. This research focuses on one possible channel: changes in attitudes towards gender... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Standort:
    Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung, Bibliothek
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    While the increase in the gender wage gap following childbirth is well-documented in the literature much less is known about what stands behind this development. This research focuses on one possible channel: changes in attitudes towards gender roles. Using longitudinal data from several European countries, I show that respondents tend to adopt more conservative views following childbearing, particularly in the case of the importance of having a child, and whether men should have priority when jobs are scarce. Moreover, the relation appears to be driven by respondents in countries where women shoulder a bigger share of household chores, and where less formal care is available.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267512
    Schriftenreihe: IOS working papers ; no. 397 (October 2022)
    Schlagworte: Demographie; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Geburtenentwicklung; Geschlechterrolle; Gleichberechtigung; Frau; Geschlecht; Soziale Norm; Konservativismus; Umfrage; Vergleich; gender norms; child-birth; cross-country comparison; institutions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Diagramme
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    Bibliografie: Seite 23-24