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  1. Is "employment during Motherhood" a "value changing experience"?
    Autor*in: Borrell-Porta, Mireia; Contreras, Valentina; Costa-Font, Joan
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Does employment during motherhood change peoples preferences? We study whether the experience of employment during motherhood exerts an effect on attitudes towards gender norms, and more specifically, attitudes towards the impact of women’s... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 63
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    Does employment during motherhood change peoples preferences? We study whether the experience of employment during motherhood exerts an effect on attitudes towards gender norms, and more specifically, attitudes towards the impact of women’s employment on children’s wellbeing (which proxy traditional gender attitudes). Drawing on a large, representative and longitudinal data and an instrumental variable (IV) strategy that exploits a Bartik instrument for employment, we find that, that non-mothers who work and mothers who do not work are more likely to agree that pre-school children suffer if mothers work, which we proxy as having more traditional views. However, this is not the case when women experience both working and motherhood it does not significantly change women's attitudes. These results suggest that exogenous changes in employment during motherhood confirm individuals priors, and point towards the critical role of early life value formation. That is, employment during motherhood is not a “value changing experience” but rather a “value preserving experience”. Hence, the so-called ‘motherhood penalty’ cannot be fully explained by a change in attitudes after employment during motherhood.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245403
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9222 (2021)
    Schlagworte: attitude formation; value changing experiences; confirmation bias; women employment attitudes; women employment after maternity; later life attitudes; children
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Populism and polarization in social media without fake news
    the vicious circle of biases, beliefs and network homophily?
    Autor*in: Hakobyan, Zaruhi; Koulovatianos, Christos
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  [University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance, Luxembourg School of Finance], [Luxembourg]

    We build a model of network dynamics with decision-making under incomplete information in order to understand the determinants of the observed gradual downgrading of expert opinion on complicated issues and the decreasing trust in science. We suggest... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We build a model of network dynamics with decision-making under incomplete information in order to understand the determinants of the observed gradual downgrading of expert opinion on complicated issues and the decreasing trust in science. We suggest a search and matching mechanism behind network formation of friends, claiming that the internet has made search and matching less costly and more intensive. According to our simulations, just combining the internet's ease of forming networks with (a) individual biases, such as confirmation bias or assimilation bias, and (b) people's tendency to align their actions with those of peers, can lead to populist dynamics over time through a vicious circle. Even without fake news, biases lead to more network homophily and, over time, more homophily leads to actions that put more weight on biases and less weight on expert opinion. Networks make fundamental biases be enhanced by peer-induced amplification factors, a finding suggesting that education should perhaps focus on mitigating fundamental biases by promoting evidence-based attitudes towards complicated social and scientific issues

     
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    Schriftenreihe: LSF research working paper series ; 2020, 6
    Schlagworte: network dynamics; internet; higher-order beliefs; learning; expert opinions; biased assimilation; confirmation bias
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Seeing what can(not) be seen
    confirmation bias, employment dynamics and climate change
    Autor*in: Cafferata, Alessia; Dávila-Fernández, Marwil J.; Sordi, Serena
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Università di Siena, [Siena]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Quaderni del Dipartimento di economia politica e statistica ; n. 839 (settembre 2020)
    Schlagworte: Climate change; confirmation bias; sentiment dynamics; group effect; adaptive learning
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The benefits of being misinformed
    Autor*in: Roel, Marcus; Staab, Manuel
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Aix-Marseille School of Economics, [Aix-en-Provence

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / AMSE, Aix-Marseille School of Economics ; WP 2021, nr 08
    Schlagworte: ranking of experiments; information acquisition; misperception; confirmation bias; overconfidence; underconfidence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Information overload and confirmation bias
    Autor*in: Götte, Lorenz; Han, Hua-Jing; Leung, Benson Tsz Kin
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Schriftenreihe: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2019
    Cambridge-INET working paper series ; no.: 2020, 06
    Schlagworte: information overload; belief formation; confirmation bias
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Social networks, confirmation bias and shock elections
    Autor*in: Gallo, Edoardo; Langtry, Alastair
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Schriftenreihe: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2099
    Cambridge-INET Working Paper Series ; 2020, 47
    Schlagworte: social learning; confirmation bias; network; elections; media
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Political ideology, mood response, and the confirmation bias
    Autor*in: Dickinson, David L.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC

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    Schriftenreihe: Department of Economics working paper / Appalachian State University ; number 22, 04 (June 2022)
    Schlagworte: confirmation bias; sleep; deliberation; cognitive reflection; motivated reasoning
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 119 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Political ideology, mood response, and the confirmation bias
    Autor*in: Dickinson, David L.
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The confirmation bias is a well-known form of motivated reasoning that serves to protect an individual from cognitive discomfort. Hearing rival viewpoints or belief-opposing information creates cognitive dissonance, and so avoiding exposure to, or... mehr

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    The confirmation bias is a well-known form of motivated reasoning that serves to protect an individual from cognitive discomfort. Hearing rival viewpoints or belief-opposing information creates cognitive dissonance, and so avoiding exposure to, or discounting the validity of, dissonant information are rational strategies that may help avoid or mitigate negative emotion. Because there is often systematic thought involved in generating the confirmation bias, deliberation tends to promote this behavioral bias. Nevertheless, the importance of negative emotion in triggering the need for this bias is underappreciated. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by examining mood and the confirmation bias in the political domain. Using results from two studies and three distinct decision tasks, we present data on over 1100 participants documenting the confirmation bias in different settings. All methods (recruitment and sample size, hypotheses, variables, analysis plans, etc.) were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. Our data show evidence of a confirmation bias across distinct dimensions of belief and preference formation. As hypothesized, the data show a strong increase in self-reported negative mood states after viewing political statements or information that are dissonant with one's political ideology. Finally, while not as robust across tasks, we report evidence that supports our hypothesis that negative mood will moderate the strength of the confirmation bias. Together, these results highlight the importance of mood response in understanding the confirmation bias, which helps further our understanding of how this bias may be particularly difficult to combat.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263644
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15428
    Schlagworte: confirmation bias; sleep; deliberation; cognitive reflection; motivated reasoning
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 120 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. "Tiger-hunting" and life satisfaction
    a matter of trust
    Autor*in: Zhang, Youxing; Howley, Peter; Hetschko, Clemens
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Governments will often look to publicly signal their efforts to tackle issues of concern as a way of garnering political support. Combining data on the public disclosure of anti-corruption efforts and individual well-being in China, we show that such... mehr

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    DS 63
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    Governments will often look to publicly signal their efforts to tackle issues of concern as a way of garnering political support. Combining data on the public disclosure of anti-corruption efforts and individual well-being in China, we show that such signals may increase the salience of the issue in question and hence diminish the life satisfaction of citizens with low political trust. For citizens with high trust, such signals appear to enhance life satisfaction. This means that signalling efforts may have unintended negative consequences on population well-being and thus political support, particularly when faced with low political trust.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267291
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10058 (2022)
    Schlagworte: corruption; life satisfaction; political trust; signalling theory; confirmation bias
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten)
  10. Information seeking with selective memory
    = Búsqueda de información bajo memoria selectiva
    Autor*in: Núñez Arroyo, Alejandro
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Format: Druck
    Schriftenreihe: Documentos CEDE ; 2018, no. 62 (noviembre de 2018)
    Schlagworte: Informationsverhalten; Spieltheorie; selective recall; confirmation bias
    Umfang: 38 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  11. Information seeking with selective memory
    = Búsqueda de información bajo memoria selectiva
    Autor*in: Núñez Arroyo, Alejandro
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos CEDE ; 2018, no. 62 (noviembre de 2018)
    Schlagworte: Informationsverhalten; Spieltheorie; selective recall; confirmation bias
    Umfang: 38 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  12. Audi alteram partem
    an experiment on selective exposure to information
    Autor*in: Montanari, Giovanni; Nunnari, Salvatore
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We report the results of an experiment on selective exposure to information. A decision maker interested in learning about an uncertain state of the world can acquire information from one of two sources which have opposite biases: when informed on... mehr

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    We report the results of an experiment on selective exposure to information. A decision maker interested in learning about an uncertain state of the world can acquire information from one of two sources which have opposite biases: when informed on the state, they report it truthfully; when uninformed, they report their favorite state. A Bayesian decision maker is better off seeking confirmatory information unless the source biased against the prior is sufficiently more reliable. In line with the theory, subjects are more likely to seek confirmatory information when sources are symmetrically reliable. On the other hand, when sources are asymmetrically reliable, subjects are more likely to consult the more reliable source even when prior beliefs are strongly unbalanced and this source is less informative. Our experiment suggests that base rate neglect and simple heuristics (e.g., listen to the most reliable source) are important drivers of the endogenous acquisition of information.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/282387
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10699 (2023)
    Schlagworte: information acquisition; biased information sources; selective exposure; echo chambers; confirmation bias; base rate neglect; laboratory experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen