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  1. The making of a lost generation: child labor among Syrian refugees in Turkey
    Autor*in: Dayıoğlu, Meltem; Kirdar, Murat G.; Koç, İsmet
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Millions of children are forcibly displaced around the world, making child labor a serious risk. However, little is known about this topic due to the difficulty of finding representative datasets for this population and information on child labor. In... mehr

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    Millions of children are forcibly displaced around the world, making child labor a serious risk. However, little is known about this topic due to the difficulty of finding representative datasets for this population and information on child labor. In this study, we use a representative dataset on Syrian refugees in Turkey, the largest refugee group in any single country, to examine the incidence of child labor and its determinants. The incidence of paid work is remarkably high among boys. While 17.4% of 12-14 year-olds are in paid employment, a staggering 45.1% of 15-17 year-olds receive payment. We find that paid work is positively associated with poverty, proficiency in Turkish, living in an industrialized region in Turkey, originating from rural areas in Syria and living in a household with a young, female, or less-educated head. Family composition matters more for girls' employment than boys'. Boys' (girls') employment increases if their father (mother) is alive - suggesting network effects. Being older at arrival is highly associated with child labor, indicating that difficulty with school integration drives children into employment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236497
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14466
    Schlagworte: child labor; forced displacement; Syrian refugees; paid work; migrants; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The making of a lost generation: child labor among Syrian refugees in Turkey
    Autor*in: Dayıoğlu, Meltem; Kirdar, Murat G.; Koç, İsmet
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum, Sarıyer/Istanbul

    Millions of children are forcibly displaced around the world, making child labor a serious risk. However, little is known about this topic due to the difficulty of finding representative datasets for this population and information on child labor. In... mehr

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    Millions of children are forcibly displaced around the world, making child labor a serious risk. However, little is known about this topic due to the difficulty of finding representative datasets for this population and information on child labor. In this study, we use a representative dataset on Syrian refugees in Turkey, the largest refugee group in any single country, to examine the incidence of child labor and its determinants. The incidence of paid work is remarkably high among boys: 17.4% of 12-14 year-olds and 45.1% of 15-17 year-olds are in paid employment. We find that paid work is positively associated with poverty, proficiency in Turkish, living in an industrialized region in Turkey, originating from rural areas in Syria and living in a household with a young, female, or less-educated head. Family composition matters more for girls' employment than boys'. Boys' (girls') employment increases if their father (mother) is alive - suggesting network effects. Being older at arrival is highly associated with child labor, indicating that difficulty with school integration drives children into employment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243008
    Schriftenreihe: Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum working paper series ; no: 2105 (June 2021)
    Schlagworte: child labor; forced displacement; Syrian refugees; paid work; migrants; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The effect of refugees on native adolescents' test scores: quasi-experimental evidence from Pisa
    Autor*in: Tumen, Semih
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Existing evidence suggests that low-skilled refugee influx may increase educational attainment among native adolescents due to reduced opportunities and returns in the lower segment of the labor market. In this paper, I test whether refugee influx... mehr

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    Existing evidence suggests that low-skilled refugee influx may increase educational attainment among native adolescents due to reduced opportunities and returns in the lower segment of the labor market. In this paper, I test whether refugee influx can also increase the intensity of human capital accumulation among native adolescents who are enrolled in school. Using the PISA micro data and implementing a quasi-experimental empirical strategy designed to exploit (i) the time variation in regional refugee intensity and (ii) institutional setting in the Turkish public education system, I show that the Math, Science, and Reading scores of Turkish adolescents increased following the Syrian refugee influx. The increase in test scores mostly comes from the lower half of the test score distribution and from native adolescents with lower maternal education. The empirical design embeds a framework where the estimated refugee impact can solely be attributed to the labor market mechanism. In particular, I use the observation that refugee adolescents are enrolled more systematically into the Turkish education system after 2016, which gave me the opportunity to use 2015 and 2018 PISA waves in a way to isolate the the effect of the labor market mechanism from the potentially negating force coming from the education experience mechanism. I conclude that the labor market forces that emerged in the aftermath of the refugee crisis have led native adolescents, who would normally perform worse in school, to take their high school education more seriously.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232791
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14039
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; test scores; PISA; labor markets
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Syrian refugees, public attitudes, policy areas and political parties in Turkey
    a systematic analysis of Twitter data
    Autor*in: Gökçe, Osman Zeki; Hatipoglu, Emre
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1469 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; Twitter; attitudes; political parties; Turkish; policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  5. The labor market integration of Syrian refugees in Turkey
    Autor*in: Demirci, Murat; Kirdar, Murat G.
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Turkey hosts the largest population of refugees globally; however, we know little about their labor market outcomes at the national level. We use the 2018 round of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which includes a representative sample of... mehr

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    Turkey hosts the largest population of refugees globally; however, we know little about their labor market outcomes at the national level. We use the 2018 round of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which includes a representative sample of Syrian refugees in Turkey for the first time, to examine a rich set of labor market outcomes. We find that the native-refugee gap in men's employment in Turkey (in favor of natives) is much smaller than that reported for most developed countries. Moreover, men's employment peaks quite early (one year) after arrival and remains there, whereas women's employment is lower to begin with and changes little over time. Once we account for demographic and educational differences, the native-refugee gap in men's (women's) paid employment reduces to 4.7 (4.0) percentage points (pp). These small gaps conceal the fact that refugees' formal employment is much lower. Even after accounting for the covariates, refugee men's formal employment rate is 58 pp lower. In addition, the native-refugee gap is the smallest in manufacturing for men and in agriculture for women, and the gap is also much smaller in wage-employment than self-employment and unpaid family work for both genders. Young refugees are more likely to work than natives, whereas the gap favors natives among the prime-age working people. Moreover, the native-refugee gap in employment widens for more educated refugees. Finally, accounting for the differences in covariates, the native-refugee gap in men's employment vanishes for Turkish-speaking refugees but persists for Arabic- and Kurdish-speaking refugees.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250634
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14973
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; labor market integration; employment; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Estimating poverty for refugees in data-scarce contexts
    an application of cross-survey imputation
    Autor*in: Dang, Hai-Anh; Verme, Paolo
    Erschienen: 2021 April
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 578 (2021)
    Schlagworte: poverty imputation; Syrian refugees; household survey; missing data; Jordan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The labor market integration of Syrian refugees in Turkey
    Autor*in: Demirci, Murat; Kirdar, Murat G.
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum, Sarıyer/Istanbul

    Turkey hosts the largest population of refugees globally; however, we know little about their labor market outcomes at the national level. We use the 2018 round of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which includes a representative sample of... mehr

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    Turkey hosts the largest population of refugees globally; however, we know little about their labor market outcomes at the national level. We use the 2018 round of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which includes a representative sample of Syrian refugees in Turkey for the first time, to examine a rich set of labor market outcomes. We find that the native-refugee gap in men’s employment in Turkey (in favor of natives) is much smaller than that reported for most developed countries. Moreover, men’s employment peaks quite early (one year) after arrival and remains there, whereas women’s employment is lower to begin with and changes little over time. Once we account for demographic and educational differences, the native-refugee gap in men’s (women’s) paid employment reduces to 4.7 (4.0) percentage points (pp). These small gaps conceal the fact that refugees’ formal employment is much lower. Even after accounting for the covariates, refugee men’s formal employment rate is 58 pp lower. In addition, the native-refugee gap is the smallest in manufacturing for men and in agriculture for women, and the gap is also much smaller in wage-employment than self-employment and unpaid family work for both genders. Young refugees are more likely to work than natives, whereas the gap favors natives among the prime-age working people. Moreover, the native-refugee gap in employment widens for more educated refugees. Finally, accounting for the differences in covariates, the native-refugee gap in men’s employment vanishes for Turkish-speaking refugees but persists for Arabic- and Kurdish-speaking refugees.

     
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    hdl: 10419/264965
    Schriftenreihe: Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum working paper series ; no: 2124 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; labor market integration; employment; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Cash transfers and food vouchers for Syrian refugees in Jordan
    do they reach the multi-dimensionally poor?
    Autor*in: Asʿad, Rāǧī; Boustati, Alma; Jamkar, Vishal
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1561 (August 2022)
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; cash transfers; food vouchers; multi-dimensional poverty; Jordan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Child growth and refugee status
    evidence from Syrian migrants in Turkey
    Autor*in: Demirci, Murat; Foster, Andrew D.; Kirdar, Murat G.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study examines disparities in health and nutrition among native and Syrian-refugee children in Turkey. With a view toward understanding the need for targeted programs addressing child well-being among the refugee population, we analyze, in... mehr

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    This study examines disparities in health and nutrition among native and Syrian-refugee children in Turkey. With a view toward understanding the need for targeted programs addressing child well-being among the refugee population, we analyze, in particular, the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). The TDHS is one of few data sets providing representative data on health and nutrition for a large refugee and native population. We find no evidence of a difference in infant or child mortality between refugee children born in Turkey and native children. However, refugee infants born in Turkey have lower birthweight and ageadjusted weight and height than native infants. When we account for a rich set of birth and socioeconomic characteristics that display substantial differences between natives and refugees, the gaps in birthweight and age-adjusted height persist, but the gap in age-adjusted weight disappears. Although refugee infants close the weight gap at the mean over time, the gap at the lower end of the distribution persists. The rich set of covariates we use explains about 35% of the baseline difference in birthweight and more than half of the baseline difference in current height. However, even after that, refugee infants' average birthweight is 0.17 standard deviations (sd) lower and their current height is 0.23 sd lower. These gaps are even larger for refugee infants born prior to migrating to Turkey, suggesting that remaining deficits reflect conditions in the source country prior to migration rather than deficits in access to maternal and child health services within Turkey.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272446
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15819
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; birthweight; anthropometric measures; forced displacement; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Child growth and refugee status
    evidence from Syrian migrants in Turkey
    Autor*in: Demirci, Murat; Foster, Andrew D.; Kirdar, Murat G.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum, Sarıyer/Istanbul

    This study examines disparities in health and nutrition among native and Syrian-refugee children in Turkey. With a view toward understanding the need for targeted programs addressing child well-being among the refugee population, we analyze, in... mehr

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    This study examines disparities in health and nutrition among native and Syrian-refugee children in Turkey. With a view toward understanding the need for targeted programs addressing child well-being among the refugee population, we analyze, in particular, the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). The TDHS is one of few data sets providing representative data on health and nutrition for a large refugee and native population. We find no evidence of a difference in infant or child mortality between refugee children born in Turkey and native children. However, refugee infants born in Turkey have lower birthweight and ageadjusted weight and height than native infants. When we account for a rich set of birth and socioeconomic characteristics that display substantial differences between natives and refugees, the gaps in birthweight and age-adjusted height persist, but the gap in age-adjusted weight disappears. Although refugee infants close the weight gap at the mean over time, the gap at the lower end of the distribution persists. The rich set of covariates we use explains about 35% of the baseline difference in birthweight and more than half of the baseline difference in current height. However, even after that, refugee infants' average birthweight is 0.17 standard deviations (sd) lower and their current height is 0.23 sd lower. These gaps are even larger for refugee infants born prior to migrating to Turkey, suggesting that remaining deficits reflect conditions in the source country prior to migration rather than deficits in access to maternal and child health services within Turkey.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum working paper series ; no: 2208 (December 2022)
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; birthweight; anthropometric measures; forced displacement; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Child growth and refugee status
    evidence from Syrian migrants in Turkey
    Autor*in: Demirci, Murat; Foster, Andrew D.; Kirdar, Murat G.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, Department of Economics, University College LondonChristian Dustmann, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration ; CDP 22, 28
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; birthweight; anthropometric measures; forced displacement,Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Immigration and prices
    quasi-experimental evidence from Syrian refugees in Turkey
    Autor*in: Balkan Konuk, Binnur; Tumen, Semih
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Head Office, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Ankara, Turkey

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası ; no: 16/01
    Schlagworte: immigration; consumer prices; Syrian refugees; natural experiment; informal employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Intergenerational power shift and the rise of non-arranged marriages among refugees
    Autor*in: Foster, Andrew D.; Gökçe, Merve Betül; Kirdar, Murat G.
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The experience of war and refugee status can alter intra-family dynamics and therefore have implications for family formation, including marriage. This study investigates marriage patterns among Syrian refugees in Turkey. Utilizing the nationally... mehr

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    The experience of war and refugee status can alter intra-family dynamics and therefore have implications for family formation, including marriage. This study investigates marriage patterns among Syrian refugees in Turkey. Utilizing the nationally representative 2018 Turkey Demographic Health Survey (TDHS), we conduct a duration analysis of marriage outcomes among Syrian refugees in Turkey - tracking women throughout their residence in prewar Syria, postwar Syria, and Turkey. We find that early marriage is more prominent among refugees who were unmarried at the time of migration than those married before migration; the mean marriage age drops from 19.6 in prewar Syria to 19.1 in postwar Syria and 18.1 in Turkey. Using the TDHS and prewar Syrian surveys, we show that this finding aligns with the observed declines in household income and young women's opportunity cost of marriage. Our duration analysis also reveals a notable shift from traditional arranged marriages to more modern forms among refugees in Turkey. An intergenerational power shift may drive the shift toward non-arranged marriages. After arrival in Turkey, parental wealth and employment decline. In contrast, Syrian youth have higher age-adjusted employment rates than in prewar Syria. Moreover, for demographic groups with stronger intergenerational power shifts, non-arranged marriages increase more.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279046
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16348
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; forced migration; arranged marriage; generational power transitions; Turkey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. How do Syrian refugee workers challenge supply chain management in the Turkish garment industry?
    Autor*in: Korkmaz, Emre Eren
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  International Migration Institute (IMI), Oxford Department of International Development (QEH), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / International Migration Institute ; paper 133 (March 2017)
    Schlagworte: Syrian refugees; Turkish textile-apparel sector; supply chain management; child labour; ethical trade; labour networks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten)