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  1. Act early to prevent infections and save lives
    causal impact of diagnostic efficiency on the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Chen, Simiao; Jin, Zhangfeng; Vollmer, Sebastian; Bärnighausen, Till; Bloom, David E.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper examines the causal impact of diagnostic efficiency on the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show that a 1-day decrease in the time taken to confirm the first case in a city publicly led to 9.4% and... mehr

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    This paper examines the causal impact of diagnostic efficiency on the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show that a 1-day decrease in the time taken to confirm the first case in a city publicly led to 9.4% and 12.7% reductions in COVID-19 prevalence and mortality over the subsequent six months, respectively. The impact was larger for cities that are farther from the COVID-19 epicenter, are exposed to less migration, have more responsive public health systems, and have higher-capacity utilization of health systems. Social distancing and a less burdened health system are likely underlying mechanisms.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240910
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 931
    Schlagworte: Diagnostic Efficiency; Information Disclosure; Social Distancing; COVID-19; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Face mask use and physical distancing before and after mandatory masking
    no evidence on risk compensation in public waiting lines
    Autor*in: Seres, Gyula; Balleyer, Anna; Cerutti, Nicola; Friedrichsen, Jana; Süer, Müge
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of mandatory face mask usage triggered a heated debate. A major point of debate is whether community use of masks creates a false sense of security that would diminish physical distancing, counteracting... mehr

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    During the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of mandatory face mask usage triggered a heated debate. A major point of debate is whether community use of masks creates a false sense of security that would diminish physical distancing, counteracting any potential direct benefit from masking. We conducted a randomized field experiment in Berlin, Germany, to investigate how masks affect distancing and whether the mask effect interacts with the introduction of an indoor mask mandate. Joining waiting lines in front of stores, we measured distances kept from the experimenter in two treatment conditions { the experimenter wore a mask in one and no face covering in the other { in two time spans { before and after mask use becoming mandatory in stores. We find no evidence that mandatory masking has a negative effect on distance kept toward a masked person. To the contrary, masks significantly increase distancing and the effect does not differ between the two periods. However, we show that after the mandate, distances are shorter in locations where more non-essential stores, which were closed before the mandate, had reopened. We argue that the relaxations in general restrictions that coincided with the mask mandate led individuals to reduce other precautions, like keeping a safe distance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243200
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1971
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Face Masks; Social Distancing; Risk Compensation; Field Experiment; Health Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. COVID-19 and unequal social distancing across demographic groups
    Autor*in: Yilmazkuday, Hakan
    Erschienen: August 2, 2020
    Verlag:  Florida International University, Department of Economics, [Miami, FL]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Florida International University, Department of Economics ; 2006
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Social Distancing; Demographics; Income; Education; Race
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Modelling New Zealand COVID-19 infection rate, and the efficacy of social distancing policy
    Autor*in: Razzak, Weshah A.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics discussion paper / School of Economics and Finance, Massey University ; 20, 04 (March 2020)
    Schlagworte: Gompertz curve; COVID 19; Social Distancing; New Zealand
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 8 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The distributional consequences of social distancing on poverty and labour income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Autor*in: Delaporte, Isaure; Escobar, Julia; Peña, Werner
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper estimates the potential distributional consequences of the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdowns on poverty and labour income inequality in 20 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We estimate the share of individuals that are... mehr

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    This paper estimates the potential distributional consequences of the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdowns on poverty and labour income inequality in 20 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We estimate the share of individuals that are potentially able to remain active under the lockdown by taking into account individuals' teleworking capacity but also whether their occupation is affected by legal workplace closures or mobility restrictions. Furthermore, we compare the shares under the formal (de jure) lockdown policies assuming perfect compliance with the shares under de facto lockdowns where there is some degree of non-compliance. We then estimate individuals' potential labour income losses and examine changes in poverty and labour income inequality. We find an increase in poverty and labour income inequality in most of the LAC countries due to social distancing; however, the observed changes are lower under de facto lockdowns, revealing the potential role of non-compliance as a coping strategy during the lockdowns. Social distancing measures have led to an increase in inequality both between and within countries. Lastly, we show that most of the dispersion in the labour income loss across countries is explained by the sectoral/occupational employment structure of the economies.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/233006
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Current version: April 15, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 682
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Social Distancing; Compliance; Employment; Poverty; Labour Income Inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Lives versus livelihoods in the middle ages
    the impact of the plague on markets over 400 years
    Autor*in: Madsen, Jakob Brøchner; Robertson, Peter E.; Ye, Longfeng
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: CAMA working paper ; 2022, 9 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: Epidemics; Trade Costs; Social Distancing; Black Death; Public Health; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten)
  7. Face mask use and physical distancing before and after mandatory masking
    no evidence on risk compensation in public waiting lines
    Autor*in: Seres, Gyula; Balleyer, Anna; Cerutti, Nicola; Friedrichsen, Jana; Süer, Müge
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of mandatory face mask usage triggered a heated debate. A major point of controversy is whether community use of masks creates a false sense of security that would diminish physical distancing,... mehr

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    During the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of mandatory face mask usage triggered a heated debate. A major point of controversy is whether community use of masks creates a false sense of security that would diminish physical distancing, counteracting any potential direct benefit from masking. We conducted a randomized field experiment in Berlin, Germany, to investigate how masks affect distancing and whether the mask effect interacts with the introduction of an indoor mask mandate. Joining waiting lines in front of stores, we measured distances kept from the experimenter in two treatment conditions - the experimenter wore a mask in one and no face covering in the other - in two time spans - before and after mask use becoming mandatory in stores. We find no evidence that mandatory masking has a negative effect on distance kept toward a masked person. To the contrary, masks significantly increase distancing and the effect does not differ between the two periods. However, we show that after the mandate distances are shorter in locations where more non-essential stores, which were closed before the mandate, had reopened. We argue that the relaxations in general restrictions that coincided with the mask mandate led individuals to reduce other precautions, like keeping a safe distance.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/256767
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 300 (November 16, 2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Face Masks; Social Distancing; Risk Compensation; Field Experiment; Health Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Theoretical inflation for unavailable products
    Autor*in: Soloveichik, Rachel
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: BEA working paper series ; WP2022, 4
    Schlagworte: Inflation; Price Index; Cost of Living Index; Regional Price Parity; Inequality; Coronavirus; COVID-19; Stay-in-Place; Supply Chain; Stockout; Lockdown; Social Distancing; New Goods
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. State-level health and economic impact of COVID-19 in India
    Autor*in: Deb, Pragyan; Xu, TengTeng
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The health and economic impacts of COVID-19 on India have been substantial, with wide variation across states and union territories. This paper quantifies the impact of containment measures and voluntary social distancing on both the spread of the... mehr

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    The health and economic impacts of COVID-19 on India have been substantial, with wide variation across states and union territories. This paper quantifies the impact of containment measures and voluntary social distancing on both the spread of the virus and the economy at the state level during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We construct a de-facto measure of state-level social distancing, combining containment strigency and observed mobility trends. State-level empirical analysis suggests that social distancing and containment measures effectively reduced case numbers, but came with high economic costs. State characteristics, such as health care infrastructure and the share of services in the economy, played an important role in shaping the health and economic outcomes, highlighting the importance of adequate social spending, health care infrastructure, and social safety nets

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781616354695
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 279
    Schlagworte: India; COVID-19; social distancing; containment measures; Containment Measures; COVID-19; Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Social Distancing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. State-level health and economic impact of COVID-19 in India
    Autor*in: Deb, Pragyan; Xu, TengTeng
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The health and economic impacts of COVID-19 on India have been substantial, with wide variation across states and union territories. This paper quantifies the impact of containment measures and voluntary social distancing on both the spread of the... mehr

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    The health and economic impacts of COVID-19 on India have been substantial, with wide variation across states and union territories. This paper quantifies the impact of containment measures and voluntary social distancing on both the spread of the virus and the economy at the state level during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We construct a de-facto measure of state-level social distancing, combining containment strigency and observed mobility trends. State-level empirical analysis suggests that social distancing and containment measures effectively reduced case numbers, but came with high economic costs. State characteristics, such as health care infrastructure and the share of services in the economy, played an important role in shaping the health and economic outcomes, highlighting the importance of adequate social spending, health care infrastructure, and social safety nets

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781616354695
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 279
    Schlagworte: India; COVID-19; social distancing; containment measures; Containment Measures; COVID-19; Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Social Distancing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen