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  1. The geography of pandemic containment
    Autor*in: Giannone, Elisa; Paixão, Nuno; Pang, Xinle
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Bank of Canada, [Ottawa]

    How does interconnectedness affect the course of a pandemic? What are the optimal withinand between-state containment policies? We embed a spatial SIR model into a multi-sector quantitative trade model. We calibrate it to US states and the COVID-19... mehr

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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 219
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    How does interconnectedness affect the course of a pandemic? What are the optimal withinand between-state containment policies? We embed a spatial SIR model into a multi-sector quantitative trade model. We calibrate it to US states and the COVID-19 pandemic and find that interconnectedness increases the death toll by 146,200 lives. A local within-state containment policy minimizes welfare losses relative to a national policy or to one that reduces mobility between states. The optimal policy combines local within- and betweenstate restrictions and saves 289,300 lives. This optimal policy induces a peak reduction in mobility of 25.97% that saves approximately 23% more lives. Different timing of policies across states is key to minimizing losses. States like South Carolina might have imposed internal lockdowns too early but travel restrictions too late.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/241249
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Last updated: June 10, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of Canada ; 2021, 26
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Infektionskrankheit; Morbidität; Räumliche Interaktion; USA; Coronavirus disease (COVID-19); Economic models; Regional economic developments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Canadians' access to cash before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Chen, Heng; Felt, Marie-Hélène
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Bank of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    This paper studies Canadians' access to cash using the geographical distribution of automated banking machines (ABMs). We find that over 97% of urban Canadians have access to ABMs in their communities, while 92% of rural people have access to at... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 201
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper studies Canadians' access to cash using the geographical distribution of automated banking machines (ABMs). We find that over 97% of urban Canadians have access to ABMs in their communities, while 92% of rural people have access to at least one ABM. During the pandemic, there have been no sustained adverse effects on cash accessibility through ABMs.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266076
    Schriftenreihe: Staff discussion paper / Bank of Canada ; 2022, 15
    Schlagworte: Financial Services; Regional economic developments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. An overview of the indigenous economy in Canada
    Autor*in: Chernoff, Alex; Cheung, Calista
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Bank of Canada, [Ottawa]

    Attempts to measure aspects of the Indigenous economy in Canada are limited by data availability and quality. Drawing on the most recent data sources and research, we provide an overview of the Indigenous economy in Canada. This includes a discussion... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 201
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Attempts to measure aspects of the Indigenous economy in Canada are limited by data availability and quality. Drawing on the most recent data sources and research, we provide an overview of the Indigenous economy in Canada. This includes a discussion of the various characteristics of the Indigenous economy, including the labour market and the business sector, institutional settings, and the state of infrastructure. While several measures suggest economic outcomes have improved for Indigenous Peoples in recent decades, institutional settings and gaps in infrastructure and financing continue to hinder their economic progress. The creation of new institutions is helping Indigenous communities to overcome historic barriers to growth, but continued progress is needed to improve data on the Indigenous economy. This would enable policymakers and Indigenous leaders to measure progress and make informed decisions.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    Schriftenreihe: Staff discussion paper / Bank of Canada ; 2023, 25
    Schlagworte: Central bank research; Development economics; Financial services; Labour markets; Monetary Policy Transmission; Regional economic developments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Unpacking moving
    a quantitative spatial equilibrium model with wealth
    Autor*in: Giannone, Elisa; Li, Qi; Paixão, Nuno; Pang, Xinle
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Bank of Canada, [Ottawa]

    We argue that the interaction between mobility and wealth provides a view that rationalizes low geographic migration rates, despite migration costs being lower than currently thought. We reach this conclusion by developing and solving a quantitative... mehr

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    DS 219
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    We argue that the interaction between mobility and wealth provides a view that rationalizes low geographic migration rates, despite migration costs being lower than currently thought. We reach this conclusion by developing and solving a quantitative dynamic spatial equilibrium model with endogenous wealth accumulated through liquid and illiquid assets. We estimate a yearly moving cost between Canadian cities of 196,303 CAD for an average adult, substantially lower than previous estimates. To demonstrate the model's validity, we study policies advocated to reduce disparities: Do moving vouchers or housing affordability policies enhance welfare, especially for the poor? Our findings suggest that moving vouchers only marginally increase the welfare of eligible households, and those who receive the vouchers tend to move to locations with lower house prices and wages. In contrast, our model shows that lower housing regulations in Vancouver can decrease the welfare gap between rich and poor by lowering house prices nationwide through spatial reallocation. Thus, the insurance value of living in high-income cities becomes higher, reducing the incentive for low-wealth families to move precautionarily to locations with low housing costs.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Last updated: June 12, 2023
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of Canada ; 2023, 34
    Schlagworte: Housing; Regional economic developments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. How far do Canadians need to travel to access cash?
    Autor*in: Chen, Heng; O'Habib, Daneal; Xiao, Hong Yu
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Bank of Canada, [Ottawa]

    This paper develops a travel-based metric to measure Canadians' access to cash from automated banking machines (ABMs) and financial institution branches. Our findings indicate that the average distance Canadians need to travel to reach the nearest... mehr

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    DS 201
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper develops a travel-based metric to measure Canadians' access to cash from automated banking machines (ABMs) and financial institution branches. Our findings indicate that the average distance Canadians need to travel to reach the nearest ABM is 2.0 km, while the average distance to the nearest branch is 4.5 km. Moreover, more than 90% of Canadians live within 5 km of an ABM, and 84% live within 5 km of a branch. The total number of ABMs in Canada increased by 3.7% between 2019 and 2022, and our results show that, overall, access to cash remained stable in that period. However, the total number of branches decreased by 5.2%. The decline in branch coverage is concentrated in rural areas at 7.2%. This may increase the challenge of accessing cash in these regions. Rural Canadians already have less access to cash: they need to drive an average distance of 4.0 km to the nearest ABM and 9.6 km to the nearest branch, each distance twice the national average.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Staff discussion paper / Bank of Canada ; 2023, 28
    Schlagworte: Financial services; Regional economic developments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Immigration and provision of public goods
    evidence at the local level in the U.S.
    Autor*in: Mayda, Anna Maria; Senses, Mine Zeynep; Steingress, Walter
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Bank of Canada, [Ottawa]

    Using U.S. county-level data from 1990 to 2010, we study the causal impact of immigration on the provision of local public goods. We uncover substantial heterogeneity across immigrants with different skills, mainly due to the asymmetric impact... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 219
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Using U.S. county-level data from 1990 to 2010, we study the causal impact of immigration on the provision of local public goods. We uncover substantial heterogeneity across immigrants with different skills, mainly due to the asymmetric impact immigrants have on the per capita tax base and local revenues. In the absence of full insurance through intergovernmental transfers, the changes in per capita revenues are reflected in changes in the provision of local public services: per capita public expenditures decrease with the arrival of low-skilled immigrants and increase with the arrival of high-skilled immigrants. While the two types of immigrants offset each other on average, spatial differences in the population shares of low-and high-skilled immigrants lead to unequal fiscal effects across U.S. counties. We find the estimated impact to differ across various public services and for second-generation immigrants.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Last updated: December 19, 2023
    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of Canada ; 2023, 57
    Schlagworte: Fiscal policy; International topics; Regional economic developments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen