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Zeige Ergebnisse 1 bis 12 von 12.

  1. COVID19 and seasonal adjustment
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  CIRANO, [Montréal]

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    Schriftenreihe: Cahier scientifique / CIRANO ; 2021s, 05
    Schlagworte: COVID19 Crisis; Seasonal Adjustment; Real GDP; Consumption of Households; Initial Claims
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Inflation and growth in the WAMZ
    evidence from a threshold analysis
    Erschienen: June, 2012
    Verlag:  West African Monetary Institute (WAMI), Accra, Ghana

    The focus of this paper was to empirically estimate the threshold levels of inflation in the WAMZ, using the conditional least square technique. The study also identified the determinants of growth in the WAMZ. The empirical analysis uses annual data... mehr

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    The focus of this paper was to empirically estimate the threshold levels of inflation in the WAMZ, using the conditional least square technique. The study also identified the determinants of growth in the WAMZ. The empirical analysis uses annual data from 1970-2010 for Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, and 1980-2010 for the Gambia and Guinea. The results showed that there exists a statistically significant long-run negative relationship between inflation and economic growth for the WAMZ countries. Furthermore, the empirical results strongly suggest the existence of threshold level of inflation for the WAMZ countries, beyond which inflation exert a negative effect on growth. The results revealed an inflation rate of 9 percent as the optimal rate of inflation for the WAMZ countries. The results showed that WAMZ countries threshold inflation rates lie within the convergence criterion of maintaining an inflation rate not exceeding 10 percent. The results are useful for policy makers in providing some clue in setting an optimal inflation target. Policy makers should implement policies aimed at achieving the threshold inflation rate that is consistent with higher economic growth. Thus, it is desirable to keep inflation rate at least within the threshold level in member countries, as it may help maintain sustainable growth. A sustainable increase in growth can be achieved by directing monetary policy towards maintaining price stability.

     

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    hdl: 10419/264212
    Schriftenreihe: WAMI occasional paper series ; no. 1
    Schlagworte: Inflation rate; Real GDP; threshold effect; WAMZ countries; Conditional least square
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Exchange rate, inflation and macroeconomic performance in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)
    Erschienen: June, 2012
    Verlag:  West African Monetary Institute (WAMI), Accra, Ghana

    The study investigates the effect of changes in the exchange rate on output growth and inflation in the WAMZ economies. It formulates an open-economy general equilibrium model which highlights the interrelationships among real GDP growth, inflation,... mehr

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    The study investigates the effect of changes in the exchange rate on output growth and inflation in the WAMZ economies. It formulates an open-economy general equilibrium model which highlights the interrelationships among real GDP growth, inflation, exchange rate depreciation/ appreciation and money supply growth. Employing quarterly data series for the period 1981Q1 to 2010Q4 for all countries except Ghana (1983Q2 to 2010Q4) and Guinea (1989Q1 to 2010Q4), the study uses the vector autoregressive (VAR) model to estimate the impulse response functions and variance decompositions for inflation and output in order to determine how inflation and output respond to changes in the exchange rate, and what proportion of inflation and output variance can be explained by the exchange rate. The results of the study suggest that exchange rate had significant impact on inflation in all the Member States. The results reveal a negative relationship between real exchange rate and real GDP growth for both Liberia and Sierra Leone, implying that depreciation of the real exchange rates in these countries could lead to output growth. However, the impact of exchange rates on output in The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria though positive, remained weak, which may be partly due to supply side factors as evident from the results. Overall, the key message of the study was that real exchange rate depreciation generates inflationary pressures and impact significantly on output growth. In addition, inflation and growth in the WAMZ are partly driven by structural factors. The policy implication arising from this study is that WAMZ Member States should continue to implement prudent fiscal and monetary policies to achieve and sustain price stability. Monetary, exchange rate and real sector policies should be well knitted to ensure macroeconomic stability. In this regard, Member States should implement sectoral and structural policies that promote food production in order to dampen inflationary pressures

     

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    hdl: 10419/264213
    Schriftenreihe: WAMI occasional paper series ; no 2
    Schlagworte: Exchange rate; Inflation; Real GDP; VAR model; Impulse response; WAMZ countries; quarterly data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. On the macroeconomic consequences of over-optimism
    Erschienen: May 2018
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Is over-optimism about a country's future growth perspective good for an economy, or does over-optimism also come with costs? In this paper we provide evidence that recessions, fiscal problems, as well as Balance of Payment-difficulties are more... mehr

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    Is over-optimism about a country's future growth perspective good for an economy, or does over-optimism also come with costs? In this paper we provide evidence that recessions, fiscal problems, as well as Balance of Payment-difficulties are more likely to arise in countries where past growth expectations have been overly optimistic. To examine this question, we look at the medium-run effects of instances of over-optimism or caution in IMF forecasts. To isolate the causal effect of over-optimism we take an instrumental variables approach, where we exploit variation provided by the allocation of IMF Mission Chiefs across countries. As a necessary first step, we document that IMF Mission Chiefs tend to systematically differ in their individual degrees of forecast-optimism or caution. The mechanism that transforms over-optimism into a later recession seems to run through higher debt accumulation, both public and private. Our findings illustrate the potency of unjustified optimism and underline the importance of basing economic forecasts upon realistic medium-term prospects

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9781484354889
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/18, 122
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsprognose; Emotion; Wirkungsanalyse; Konjunktur; Haushaltsdefizit; Leistungsbilanz; Forecasts; Noise Shocks; Real GDP; Sentiment; WP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Can Italy grow out of its NPL overhang?
    a panel threshold analysis
    Erschienen: March 2017
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper examines whether a tipping point exists for real GDP growth in Italy above which the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total loans falls significantly. Estimating a heterogeneous dynamic panel-threshold model with data on 17 Italian... mehr

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    This paper examines whether a tipping point exists for real GDP growth in Italy above which the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total loans falls significantly. Estimating a heterogeneous dynamic panel-threshold model with data on 17 Italian regions over the period 1997-2014, we provide evidence for the presence of growth-threshold effects on the NPL ratio in Italy. More specifically, we find that real GDP growth above 1.2 percent, if sustained for a number of years, is associated with a significant decline in the NPLs ratio. Achieving such growth rates requires decisively tackling long-standing structural rigidities and improving the quality of fiscal policy. Given the modest potential growth outlook, however, under which banks are likely to struggle to grow out of their NPL overhang, further policy measures are needed to put the NPL ratio on a firm downward path over the medium term

     

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    ISBN: 9781475588651
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/17, 66
    Schlagworte: Notleidender Kredit; Produktionspotenzial; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Panel; Italien; Nonperforming Loans; Real GDP; Real Output Growth; WP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. An algorithmic crystal ball
    forecasts-based on machine learning
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Forecasting macroeconomic variables is key to developing a view on a country's economic outlook. Most traditional forecasting models rely on fitting data to a pre-specified relationship between input and output variables, thereby assuming a specific... mehr

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    Forecasting macroeconomic variables is key to developing a view on a country's economic outlook. Most traditional forecasting models rely on fitting data to a pre-specified relationship between input and output variables, thereby assuming a specific functional and stochastic process underlying that process. We pursue a new approach to forecasting by employing a number of machine learning algorithms, a method that is data driven, and imposing limited restrictions on the nature of the true relationship between input and output variables. We apply the Elastic Net, SuperLearner, and Recurring Neural Network algorithms on macro data of seven, broadly representative, advanced and emerging economies and find that these algorithms can outperform traditional statistical models, thereby offering a relevant addition to the field of economic forecasting

     

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    ISBN: 9781484380635
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/18, 230
    Schlagworte: Machine Learning Algorithm; Real GDP; Test Data; Time Series; WP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Do oil prices help forecast U.S. real GDP?
    the role of nonlinearities and asymmetries
    Erschienen: [2012]
    Verlag:  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, [Washington, DC]

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    Schriftenreihe: International finance discussion papers ; number 1050 (June 2012)
    Schlagworte: Out-of-sample forecast; Oil price; Real GDP; Nonlinearity; Asymmetry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. On the macroeconomic consequences of over-optimism
    Erschienen: May 2018
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Is over-optimism about a country's future growth perspective good for an economy, or does over-optimism also come with costs? In this paper we provide evidence that recessions, fiscal problems, as well as Balance of Payment-difficulties are more... mehr

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    Is over-optimism about a country's future growth perspective good for an economy, or does over-optimism also come with costs? In this paper we provide evidence that recessions, fiscal problems, as well as Balance of Payment-difficulties are more likely to arise in countries where past growth expectations have been overly optimistic. To examine this question, we look at the medium-run effects of instances of over-optimism or caution in IMF forecasts. To isolate the causal effect of over-optimism we take an instrumental variables approach, where we exploit variation provided by the allocation of IMF Mission Chiefs across countries. As a necessary first step, we document that IMF Mission Chiefs tend to systematically differ in their individual degrees of forecast-optimism or caution. The mechanism that transforms over-optimism into a later recession seems to run through higher debt accumulation, both public and private. Our findings illustrate the potency of unjustified optimism and underline the importance of basing economic forecasts upon realistic medium-term prospects

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781484354889
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/18, 122
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsprognose; Emotion; Wirkungsanalyse; Konjunktur; Haushaltsdefizit; Leistungsbilanz; Forecasts; Noise Shocks; Real GDP; Sentiment; WP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. An algorithmic crystal ball
    forecasts-based on machine learning
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Forecasting macroeconomic variables is key to developing a view on a country's economic outlook. Most traditional forecasting models rely on fitting data to a pre-specified relationship between input and output variables, thereby assuming a specific... mehr

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    Forecasting macroeconomic variables is key to developing a view on a country's economic outlook. Most traditional forecasting models rely on fitting data to a pre-specified relationship between input and output variables, thereby assuming a specific functional and stochastic process underlying that process. We pursue a new approach to forecasting by employing a number of machine learning algorithms, a method that is data driven, and imposing limited restrictions on the nature of the true relationship between input and output variables. We apply the Elastic Net, SuperLearner, and Recurring Neural Network algorithms on macro data of seven, broadly representative, advanced and emerging economies and find that these algorithms can outperform traditional statistical models, thereby offering a relevant addition to the field of economic forecasting

     

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    ISBN: 9781484380635
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/18, 230
    Schlagworte: Machine Learning Algorithm; Real GDP; Test Data; Time Series; WP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Real-time consideration of systematic patterns in Maltese GDP data and revisions
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Central Bank of Malta, [Valletta]

    Economic policies are generally formulated on the basis of data available in real time, which might subsequently be revised. Implicitly, the possibility of data revisions creates an element of uncertainty around the very same data driving policy... mehr

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    Economic policies are generally formulated on the basis of data available in real time, which might subsequently be revised. Implicitly, the possibility of data revisions creates an element of uncertainty around the very same data driving policy decisions. Given that such uncertainty could be mitigated if data revisions were predictable, this paper sets out to identify any systematic patterns in the Maltese 'Real GDP' data and underlying revisions which could in turn prove useful when making economic assessments in real time. These patterns are identified through the application of VAR econometric techniques applied in previous economic literature to model Malta's first-release output data alongside the revisions made within a maximum of two years from the date of first release. Systematic patterns in Maltese data are recorded, and in turn used to anticipate in real time the revisions that might be made upon the publication of future vintages. The analyses conducted in this paper show that the real-time consideration of these forecasts has the potential to improve the precision with which past, contemporaneous and (forecasted) future Maltese output data could be interpreted in real time. The uncertainty surrounding these forecasts is also aptly demonstrated through the use of simulation techniques, density functions, and event probability forecasts.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Central Bank of Malta ; WP/2024, 03
    Schlagworte: Real GDP; real-time; revisions; forecasts; uncertainty; Malta
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. A multicomponent DEA approach to measure the economic and energy efficiencies of OECD countries
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Monash Univ., Dep. of Economics, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Monash University,Department of Economics ; 15,09
    Schlagworte: Energy efficiency; CO2 emissions; Real GDP; Data envelopment analysis
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (36 S.)
  12. Can Italy grow out of its NPL overhang?
    a panel threshold analysis
    Erschienen: March 2017
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper examines whether a tipping point exists for real GDP growth in Italy above which the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total loans falls significantly. Estimating a heterogeneous dynamic panel-threshold model with data on 17 Italian... mehr

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    This paper examines whether a tipping point exists for real GDP growth in Italy above which the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total loans falls significantly. Estimating a heterogeneous dynamic panel-threshold model with data on 17 Italian regions over the period 1997-2014, we provide evidence for the presence of growth-threshold effects on the NPL ratio in Italy. More specifically, we find that real GDP growth above 1.2 percent, if sustained for a number of years, is associated with a significant decline in the NPLs ratio. Achieving such growth rates requires decisively tackling long-standing structural rigidities and improving the quality of fiscal policy. Given the modest potential growth outlook, however, under which banks are likely to struggle to grow out of their NPL overhang, further policy measures are needed to put the NPL ratio on a firm downward path over the medium term

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781475588651
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/17, 66
    Schlagworte: Notleidender Kredit; Produktionspotenzial; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Panel; Italien; Nonperforming Loans; Real GDP; Real Output Growth; WP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen