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  1. Ist das DVL-Modell "Gemeinwohlprämie" als potenzielle Ökoregelung der GAP nach 2020 geeignet?
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Braunschweig

    In der vorliegenden Stellungnahme untersuchen die Autor*innen im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, ob und wie inwieweit das Modell der Gemeinwohlprämie des Deutschen Verbands für Landschaftspflege für eine Umsetzung im... mehr

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    In der vorliegenden Stellungnahme untersuchen die Autor*innen im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, ob und wie inwieweit das Modell der Gemeinwohlprämie des Deutschen Verbands für Landschaftspflege für eine Umsetzung im Rahmen der Öko-Regelungen der GAP nach 2020 geeignet ist. Hierzu werden die rechtliche und verwaltungstechnische Umsetzbarkeit untersucht und die Umweltwirksamkeit mit Fokus auf Biodiversitäts- und Klimaschutz, die Auswirkungen auf einzelbetriebliche Einkommen und die Wirkung auf die betriebliche und regionale Mittelumverteilung abgeschätzt. Der Ansatz der Gemeinwohlprämie ist prinzipiell geeignet, um die Erbringung von Gemeinwohlleistungen über das Instrument der Ökoregelungen zu fördern und er ist mit einigen Anpassungen als Ökoregelung nach Art. 28 (6) a der (COM, 2018) umsetzbar. Im Vergleich zu den im Papier der Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe „Weiterentwicklung der GAP“ (BLAG, 2020) dargelegten Optionen lässt sich mithilfe der Gemeinwohlprämie voraussichtlich ein deutlich höheres Niveau an Umweltleistungen bei gegebenen Mitteleinsatz realisieren. Ferner kann das System dynamisch weiterentwickelt und um neue Gemeinwohlleistungen ergänzt werden. Auch kann die Gewichtung einzelner Maßnahmen durch Anpassung ihrer Punktwerte über die Zeit erfolgen, ohne einen Systemwechsel zu vollziehen. In this scientific opinion, the authors, on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, examine whether and to what extent the model of the Public Goods Bonus developed by the German Landcare Association is suitable for implementation as Eco-Scheme within the CAP after 2020. For this purpose, we analyse the legal and administrative feasibility and the environmental effectiveness with a focus on biodiversity and climate protection. In addition, we estimate the effects on individual farm incomes and the effect on farm and regional redistribution of support payments. In principle, the approach of the public goods premium is suitable to promote the provision of public goods services via the instrument of eco-schemes and it can be implemented with some adjustments as an eco-scheme according to Art. 28 (6) a of the (COM, 2018). Compared to the options presented in the paper of the Bund-Länder Working Group on the ‘Development of the CAP’ (BLAG, 2020), the Public Goods Bonus is likely to achieve a significantly higher level of environmental services for a given budget. Furthermore, the system can be dynamically developed and new public goods can be successively included. The weighting of individual measures can also be adjusted over time by adjusting their point values without changing the underlying architecture.

     

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    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231421
    Schriftenreihe: Thünen working paper ; 166
    Schlagworte: Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; Öffentliche Güter; Biodiversität; Deutschland; Common Agricultural Policy; Public Goods; biodiversity; Germany
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Charitable giving and NPOs investment decision in a stochastic dynamic economy
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; # 2113E
    Schlagworte: Voluntary Contribution; Public Goods; Charitable Investment; Risk Preference,Stochastic Differential Game; Gauss-Markov Process; Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Group incentives for the public good
    a field experiment on improving the urban environment
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics, Dublin

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    Schriftenreihe: TEP working paper ; no. 19, 10 (November 2019)
    Schlagworte: Infrastructure; Public Goods; Community-Based Organizations
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Traffic congestion, transportation policies, and the performance of first responders
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  Carleton University, Department of Economics, Ottawa, Ontario

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    Schriftenreihe: Carleton economics working papers ; CEWP 20, 08
    Schlagworte: Traffic; Public Goods; Externalities; Emergency Response Times
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Propuesta de reforma tributaria para Colombia (2021-2022)
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2020, 38 (septiembre de 2020)
    Schlagworte: Taxes; Public Goods; Public Debt; Latin America
    Umfang: 1 Online Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Tax aversion and the social contract in Africa
    Erschienen: 08 April 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17198
    Schlagworte: Taxation; Public Goods; State Capacity; Social Contract
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. A theory of social impact bonds
    Erschienen: 12 April 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17214
    Schlagworte: Public Goods; Fixed Income Securities; impact Investing; Social Impact Bonds
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The willingness to pay for (environmental) collective goods
    Autor*in: Gogoll, Niklas
    Erschienen: 2022

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    Schlagworte: Willingness to Pay; Environmental Goods; Collective Goods; Public Goods; Collective Action
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 151 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Universität Bayreuth, 2022

  9. Government Debt and Capital Accumulation in an Era of Low Interest Rates
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This essay discusses the reasons for and implications of the decline in real interest rates around the world over the past several decades. It suggests that the decline in interest rates is largely explicable from trends in saving, growth, and... mehr

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    This essay discusses the reasons for and implications of the decline in real interest rates around the world over the past several decades. It suggests that the decline in interest rates is largely explicable from trends in saving, growth, and markups. In this environment, greater government debt is likely not problematic from a budgetary standpoint. But a Ponzi-like scheme of perpetual debt rollover might fail, and such a failure would make an already-bad state of the world even worse. In addition, even if a perpetual debt rollover succeeds, the increased debt could still crowd out capital, reducing labor productivity, real wages, and consumption

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30024
    Schlagworte: Realzins; Wirtschaftswachstum; Sparen; Investition; Öffentliche Schulden; Neoklassisches Wachstumsmodell; Theorie; Neoclassical; Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity; Fiscal Policy; Public Goods; Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  10. Bargaining over Taxes and Entitlements in the Era of Unequal Growth
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Entitlement programs have become an increasing component of total government spending in the US over the last six decades. To some observers, this growth of the welfare state is excessive and unwarranted. To others, it is a welcome counter-acting... mehr

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    Entitlement programs have become an increasing component of total government spending in the US over the last six decades. To some observers, this growth of the welfare state is excessive and unwarranted. To others, it is a welcome counter-acting force to the rapid increase in income inequality. Using a political-economy model where parties bargain over taxes and entitlements, we argue that such dynamics can be explained by two factors. The first one is that institutional features of policy determination, in particular budget rules, make the status quo levels of taxes and entitlements difficult to change. The second one is that the country experienced a process of "unequal growth," where top earners became richer while the income levels of the bottom 50 percent remained stagnant. Richer agents would like the government to provide more public goods as the economy grows. Low-income earners are willing to support such policies only in exchange for an expansion of entitlement programs. Sustained bargaining power by a party that represents the latter, amid budget rules, results in a rising share of entitlements. We explain how parties can take advantage of budget rules to tilt the evolution of policy in their favor in a simple two-period model. We then calibrate an infinite horizon version of the model to the US, and show that it delivers dynamics consistent with the data. Through counter-factual experiments, we find that while entitlements programs are sub-optimally large, welfare outcomes are better than those under alternative budget rules and in scenarios without rules, making it explicit that the type of budget rule matters for both welfare and equity

     

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  11. Urban Sprawl and Social Capital
    Evidence from Indonesian Cities
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We use detailed data from Indonesian cities to study how variation in density within urban areas affects social capital. For identification, we instrument density with soil characteristics, and control for community averages of observed... mehr

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    We use detailed data from Indonesian cities to study how variation in density within urban areas affects social capital. For identification, we instrument density with soil characteristics, and control for community averages of observed characteristics. Under plausible assumptions, these controls address sorting on observables and unobservables. We find that lower density increases trust in neighbors and community participation. We also find that lower density is associated with lower interethnic tolerance, but this relationship is explained by sorting. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that crime in dense areas undermines community trust and participation, intensifying the negative impact of density

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30068
    Schlagworte: Urbanisierung; Suburbanisierung; Sozialkapital; Indonesien; Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations; Public Goods; Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
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  12. Grads on the Go
    Measuring College-Specific Labor Markets for Graduates
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper introduces a new measure of the labor markets served by colleges and universities across the United States. About 50 percent of recent college graduates are living and working in the metro area nearest the institution they attended, with... mehr

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    This paper introduces a new measure of the labor markets served by colleges and universities across the United States. About 50 percent of recent college graduates are living and working in the metro area nearest the institution they attended, with this figure climbing to 67 percent in-state. The geographic dispersion of alumni is more than twice as great for highly selective 4-year institutions as for 2-year institutions. However, more than one-quarter of 2-year institutions disperse alumni more diversely than the average public 4-year institution. In one application of these data, we find that the average strength of the labor market to which a college sends its graduates predicts college-specific intergenerational economic mobility. In a second application, we quantify the extent of "brain drain" across areas and illustrate the importance of considering migration patterns of college graduates when estimating the social return on public investment in higher education

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30088
    Schlagworte: Absolventen; Arbeitsmarkt; USA; Public Goods; Higher Education; Research Institutions; Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity; Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
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  13. Regional deprivation and populism
    evidence from Germany and the U.S.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, [Kiel]

    A widely held view is that increasing globalisation and inequality are fostering support for populist actors. Surprisingly, when focusing on Germany and the U.S., populist voting is highest in less globalised regions with rather equal income... mehr

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    A widely held view is that increasing globalisation and inequality are fostering support for populist actors. Surprisingly, when focusing on Germany and the U.S., populist voting is highest in less globalised regions with rather equal income distributions. Addressing this puzzle, I ask how the regional variance in populist voting can be explained. In my answer, I introduce the concept of spatial inequality, which describes the regional inequality within countries, and construct a measure of public goods scarcity. I argue that the spatial inequality induced feeling of being left behind is positively correlated with populist voting and that this effect is mitigated by public goods provision. Using county level data to develop spatial inequality and public good scarcity indices, I can provide empirical support for these arguments. The findings have important implications for understanding the sub-national variance in populist voting and the role of relative economic deprivation as well as public goods provision.

     

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    hdl: 10419/262732
    Schriftenreihe: Kiel working paper ; no. 2231 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Populism; Voting Behaviour; Inequality; Public Goods; Regional Economics
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  14. Optimal Income Taxation
    Autor*in: Kaplow, Louis
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This article explores subjects in optimal income taxation characterized by recent research interest, practical importance in light of concerns about inequality, potential for misunderstanding, and prospects for advancement. Throughout, the analysis... mehr

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    This article explores subjects in optimal income taxation characterized by recent research interest, practical importance in light of concerns about inequality, potential for misunderstanding, and prospects for advancement. Throughout, the analysis highlights paths for further investigation. Areas of focus include multidimensional abilities and endogenous wages; asymmetric information and the income of founders; production and consumption externalities from labor effort; market power and rents; behavioral phenomena relating to perceptions of the income tax schedule, myopic labor supply, and the interactions of savings, savings policies, and labor supply; optimal income transfers; the relationship between optimal income taxation and the use of other instruments; and issues relating to the social welfare function and utility functions, including nonwelfarist objectives, welfare weights, heterogeneous preferences, and taxation of the family

     

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  15. Microgiving with Digital Platforms
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Microgiving, a new form of digital fundraising, operates by soliciting minuscule, recurring donations from large numbers of potential donors. We evaluate a charity subscription program operated by Alibaba, China's largest retail platform, which... mehr

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    Microgiving, a new form of digital fundraising, operates by soliciting minuscule, recurring donations from large numbers of potential donors. We evaluate a charity subscription program operated by Alibaba, China's largest retail platform, which allows sellers to pledge a tiny portion of a product's revenue (2 cents per order) to charity, with donations made automatically as transactions occur. We present three sets of descriptive findings. First, sellers tend to pick their best-selling products for charity subscription, and many did so right before sales promotion of the associated products. This suggests revenue-maximizing motives. Second, charity subscriptions are almost never canceled, despite limited evidence that they increase revenues; interview evidence suggests that sellers' decision to keep donating is sustained by joys of giving that worth the tiny monetary sacrifices; we also observe sellers to purchase more charity-linked products themselves after they become charity subscribers. This suggests warm-glow utilities. Third, between 2018 and 2020, the program attracted more than 2 million Alibaba sellers and generated 1.2 billion yuan of charitable funds, representing one of China's largest online fundraisers and accounts for 12% of the country's overall online charitable sector. We conclude that digital platforms can create an incentive-compatible environment to scale up microgiving

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30102
    Schlagworte: Fundraising; Digitale Plattform; Online-Handel; Elektronisches Geld; Wohltätigkeit; Abonnement; China; Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers; Public Goods; Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce; Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility
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  16. Financing Infrastructure in the Shadow of Expropriation
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the optimal financing of infrastructure when governments have limited financial commitment and can expropriate rents from private sector firms that manage infrastructure. While private firms need incentives to implement projects well,... mehr

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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    We examine the optimal financing of infrastructure when governments have limited financial commitment and can expropriate rents from private sector firms that manage infrastructure. While private firms need incentives to implement projects well, governments need incentives to limit expropriation. This double moral hazard limits the willingness of outside investors to fund infrastructure projects. Optimal financing involves government guarantees to investors against project failure to incentivize the government to commit not to expropriate which improves private sector incentives and project quality. The model captures several other features prevalent in infrastructure financing such as government co-investment, tax subsidies, development rights, and cross-guarantees

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30131
    Schlagworte: Infrastrukturfinanzierung; Infrastrukturinvestition; Infrastruktur; Öffentliche Güter; Öffentliche Investition; Private Investition; Asymmetrische Information; Privatwirtschaft; Enteignung; Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design; General; Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill; Government Policy and Regulation; General; Public Goods; Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
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  17. Nudging the Nudger
    A Field Experiment on the Effect of Performance Feedback to Service Agents on Increasing Organ Donor Registrations
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving nearly 700 customer-service representatives (CSRs) in a Canadian government service agency to study whether providing CSRs with performance feedback with or without peer comparison affected their... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving nearly 700 customer-service representatives (CSRs) in a Canadian government service agency to study whether providing CSRs with performance feedback with or without peer comparison affected their subsequent organ donor registration rates. Despite having no tie to remuneration or promotion, the provision of individual performance feedback three times over one year resulted in a 25% increase in daily signups, compared to otherwise similar encouragement and reminders. Adding benchmark information that compared CSRs performance to average and top peer performance did not further enhance this effect. Registrations increased more among CSRs whose performance was already above average, and there was no negative effect on lower-performing CSRs. A post-intervention survey showed that CSRs found the information included in the treatments helpful and encouraging. However, performance feedback without benchmark information increased perceived pressure to perform

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30547
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Dienstleistung; Öffentlicher Dienst; Angestellte; Soziales Verhalten; Organtransplantation; Leistungsanreiz; Leistungsmotivation; Arbeitsleistung; Nudge; Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie; Kanada; Field Experiments; General; Public Goods; General; Public Sector Labor Markets; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  18. It's fundamental: welfare theorems, market failures, and the turn from "public finance" to "public economics"
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  Center for the History of Political Economy at Duke University, [Durham, NC]

    In a paper delivered at the December 1955 meeting of the Econometric Society, Paul Samuelson noted that though economists had done "work of high quality and great quantity in the field of taxation," the theory of public expenditure had been... mehr

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    In a paper delivered at the December 1955 meeting of the Econometric Society, Paul Samuelson noted that though economists had done "work of high quality and great quantity in the field of taxation," the theory of public expenditure had been "relatively neglected" (1958, 332). Anglo-American treatments of the subject, which in the late 19th century began to take the form of the self-contained treatise, typically opened with a brief, almost obligatory statement of the proper functions of the state before launching into their extensive disquisitions on sundry aspects of taxation, public debt and, eventually, fiscal policy. The operative point here is that these roles assigned to the state were asserted, and typically briefly, rather than demonstrated, even if the tasks ascribed-e.g., national defense, a system of justice, public works-resonate with modern theoretical sensibilities. The last third of the twentieth century, though, saw a significant structural change in this pattern. While the analysis of taxation and other financing issues did not disappear (and, in the case of taxation, continue to expand in scope), the cursory treatment of the functions of the state slowly gave way to deeper and more systematic inquiries. Indeed, by the mid-1980s the 'public expenditure theory' lacuna lamented by Samuelson had largely been filled with the theories of public goods, externalities, marginal-cost cum peak-load pricing. This paper documents and attempts to explain this transformation, locating its origins in Richard Musgrave's normative theory of the public household and the adoption by subsequent thinkers of new developments in welfare theory, which was seen to offer a theoretically sophisticated a vision of the state's role as a response to the problem of market failure.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265406
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Version 1.3
    Schriftenreihe: CHOPE working paper ; no. 2022, 09 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: Public Finance; Public Economics; Welfare Economics; Externalities; Public Goods; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Musgrave
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  19. U.S. School Finance
    Resources and Outcomes
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The impact of school resources on student outcomes was first raised in the 1960s and has been controversial since then. This issue enters into the decision making on school finance in both legislatures and the courts. The historical research found... mehr

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    The impact of school resources on student outcomes was first raised in the 1960s and has been controversial since then. This issue enters into the decision making on school finance in both legislatures and the courts. The historical research found little consistent or systematic relationship of spending and achievement, but this research frequently suffers from significant concerns about the underlying estimation strategies. More recent work has re-opened the fundamental resource-achievement relationship with more compelling analyses that offer stronger identification of resource impacts. A thorough review of existing studies, however, leads to similar conclusions as the historical work: how resources are used is key to the outcomes. At the same time, the research has not been successful at identifying mechanisms underlying successful use of resources or for ascertaining when added school investments are likely to be well-used. Direct investigations of alternative input policies (capital spending, reducing class size, or salary incentives for teachers) do not provide clear support for such specific policy initiatives

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30769
    Schlagworte: Schulfinanzierung; Bildungsertrag; Öffentliche Güter; USA; Public Goods; State and Local Budget and Expenditures; General; Labor Economics Policies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  20. Regional deprivation and populism
    evidence from Germany and the U.S.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, [Kiel]

    A widely held view is that increasing globalisation and inequality are fostering support for populist actors. Surprisingly, when focusing on Germany and the U.S., populist voting is highest in less globalised regions with rather equal income... mehr

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    A widely held view is that increasing globalisation and inequality are fostering support for populist actors. Surprisingly, when focusing on Germany and the U.S., populist voting is highest in less globalised regions with rather equal income distributions. Addressing this puzzle, I ask how the regional variance in populist voting can be explained. In my answer, I introduce the concept of spatial inequality, which describes the regional inequality within countries, and construct a measure of public goods scarcity. I argue that the spatial inequality induced feeling of being left behind is positively correlated with populist voting and that this effect is mitigated by public goods provision. Using county level data to develop spatial inequality and public good scarcity indices, I can provide empirical support for these arguments. The findings have important implications for understanding the sub-national variance in populist voting and the role of relative economic deprivation as well as public goods provision.

     

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    hdl: 10419/266622
    Schriftenreihe: Kiel working paper ; no. 2231 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Populism; Voting Behaviour; Inequality; Public Goods; Regional Economics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Human Capital and Climate Change
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Addressing climate change requires individual behavior change and voter support for pro-climate policies, yet surprisingly little is known about how to achieve these outcomes. In this paper, we estimate causal effects of additional education on... mehr

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    Addressing climate change requires individual behavior change and voter support for pro-climate policies, yet surprisingly little is known about how to achieve these outcomes. In this paper, we estimate causal effects of additional education on pro-climate outcomes using new compulsory schooling law data across 16 European countries. We analyze effects on pro-climate beliefs, behaviors, policy preferences, and novel data on voting for green parties - a particularly consequential outcome to combat climate change. Results show a year of education increases pro-climate beliefs, behaviors, most policy preferences, and green voting, with voting gains equivalent to a substantial 35% increase

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31000
    Schlagworte: Bildung; Klimawandel; Humankapital; Wirkungsanalyse; Verbrauchereinstellung; Politische Einstellung; Wahlverhalten; Umweltökonomik; EU-Staaten; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior; Public Goods; General; Government Policy; Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State; Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  22. Pivotal or Popular
    The Effects of Social Information and Feeling Pivotal on Civic Actions
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the combined effects of popularity and feelings of being important to reaching a goal by testing how people react to situations in which their own behavior is pivotal or not, as well as the popularity of the action. We conduct a laboratory... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We examine the combined effects of popularity and feelings of being important to reaching a goal by testing how people react to situations in which their own behavior is pivotal or not, as well as the popularity of the action. We conduct a laboratory experiment to cleanly fix beliefs about the person's likelihood of being pivotal in reaching a donation threshold that triggers a matching gift, varying both the pivotality and the number of other donors (popularity). The results are striking, with those whose action is pivotal being more than twice as likely to make a donation. We then conduct two field experiments to test these findings in real-world settings. Our results suggest that pivotality is a more important determinant of prosocial behavior

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31042
    Schlagworte: Versuchsplanung; Experiment; Altruismus; Wohltätigkeit; Soziale Beziehungen; Soziales Verhalten; Verhaltensökonomik; Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers; Public Goods
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  23. Deuda pública y economía política en Colombia
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Sprache: Spanisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2022, 4 (febrero de 2022)
    Schlagworte: Taxes; Public Goods; Public Debt; Latin America
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Health and access to care
    why it is necessary and urgent to switch from a global public good approach to a commons based approach
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    During the Covid 19 Pandemic, there have been countless calls for the creation of ''global public goods'' or ''global commons'' issued by a variety of actors with sometimes diametrically opposed views, as if the two notions had the same meaning. And... mehr

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    During the Covid 19 Pandemic, there have been countless calls for the creation of ''global public goods'' or ''global commons'' issued by a variety of actors with sometimes diametrically opposed views, as if the two notions had the same meaning. And indeed, even today these notions are still often used as synonyms and interchangeable, leading to an amalgamation of concepts. The meaning and implications of using one notion or other notion (global public good, global commons) is never examined. We believe that, contrary to the dominant view, it is urgent to put an end to this confusion which is not only of a semantic order and has huge economic and social implications. In this article, we start by recalling what constitutes the notion of ''Global Public Good'' and by extension the content of what can be called the GPG approach (section 1). Then, by difference we present the notion of common good and the commons based approach (section 2). Finally, in a concluding section, we present some of the most significant initiatives taken during the covid-19 pandemic, designed and deployed to producing and distributing health products as common goods (section 3). Our overall ambition being to highlight that the deployment of the commons based approach that we are calling for, is not a utopia, as it is already moving on.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2023, 08 (February 2023)
    Schlagworte: International Institutional Arrangements; Public Goods; Health and Inequality; Property Law; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Incentive Pay and Social Returns to Worker Effort in Public Programs
    Evidence from the Weatherization Assistance Program
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Aligning compensation with recipient outcomes has the potential to improve the efficiency of government programs. We perform a field experiment to evaluate the impact of performance bonuses on the returns to spending in a large low-income energy... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Aligning compensation with recipient outcomes has the potential to improve the efficiency of government programs. We perform a field experiment to evaluate the impact of performance bonuses on the returns to spending in a large low-income energy efficiency assistance program. We find that performance-based bonuses dramatically increased program natural gas savings by 24%. The bonuses generate $5.39-$14.53 in social benefits for every dollar invested and increase the social net benefits from home-level weatherization more than two-fold. Contractors performing at high quality at baseline respond disproportionately to the incentives, suggesting that gains in the program's cost-effectiveness result from more efficient allocation of worker effort across workers who differ in their marginal effort cost. We do not find evidence of learning within the two-year study period or of increased deficiencies among non-incentivized tasks

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31322
    Schlagworte: Energieeinsparung; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Anreiz; Wirkungsanalyse; USA; Public Goods; General; Energy; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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