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  1. Living with debt
    how institutions can chart a path to recovery in the Middle East and North Africa
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be... mehr

    Zugang:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Bundesverfassungsgericht, Bibliothek
    Signatur:
    Online-Ressource
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 355
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be 7.2% below where it would be in 2021 without the pandemic. The region’s average GDP per capita is estimated to have declined 5.3 percent in 2020 and expected to rebound by only 0.6 percent in 2021. The number of poor people in the region—those making less than the $5.50 per day poverty line—is expected to increase from 176 million in 2019 to a conservative estimate of 192 million people by the end of 2021. The region’s public debt is expected to rise significantly. Most notably, MENA oil importers have the highest levels of debt. As the region copes with the economic consequences of the pandemic, most countries will face tensions between short-term needs and the long-term risks of debt-financed government spending. Countries must make tough choices along the road to recovery. During the pandemic, fiscal spending is arguably best used to support vulnerable families and invest in public health—such as disease surveillance, data transparency, and vaccinations. Public health investment as a short-term response to the pandemic could also bring long-term gains. As the pandemic subsides, there are good reasons to be cautious with additional fiscal stimulus, especially for countries with high debt, poor governance, and lack of transparency. After the pandemic, economic growth remains the most sustainable way to reduce the debt-GDP ratio, and this requires much-needed deep structural reforms. Strong institutions can chart a path to recovery. Investing in testing, disease surveillance, and data transparency can reduce the economic costs of the pandemic. As the pandemic subsides, effective and transparent pandemic surveillance would help boost demand from domestic and foreign sources. Good governance in public investment decisions can raise the effectiveness of public investment. Public debt transparency can help reduce borrowing costs. Institutional reforms can be implemented with limited fiscal costs and hold the promise of boosting long-run growth

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816994
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35275
    Schriftenreihe: MENA economic update ; April 2021
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Schulden; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Antizyklische Finanzpolitik; Coronavirus; MENA-Staaten; BUDGET TRANSPARENCY; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; DEBT SUSTAINABILITY; DEBT TRANSPARENCY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL BALANCE; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GOVERNANCE; INSTITUTIONS; OIL EXPORTER; OIL IMPORTER; OIL PRICE; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY; PUBLIC DEBT; PUBLIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Gesehen am 29.04.2021
  2. The broad-based upturn, but for how long?
    Erschienen: January 2018
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, D.C

    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price... mehr

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price collapse have begun to dissipate. However, the global economic outlook remains clouded by a number of risks. These include the possibility of financial market disruptions, rising protectionist sentiment, and heightened geopolitical tensions. Of particular concern is evidence of subdued productivity and slowing potential growth. In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes a chapter on the causes of the broad-based slowing of potential growth and suggests remedies. The report also contains Special Focus sections on the impact of the 2014-2016 oil price collapse and the relationship between education demographics and global inequality. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464812453
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/28932
    Schriftenreihe: Global economic prospects ; January 2018
    A World Bank Group flagship report
    Schlagworte: COMMODITY PRICES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING ECONOMIES; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; EDUCATION; EMERGING MARKETS; GLOBAL ECONOMY; INEQUALITY; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; LABOR MARKET; OIL PRICE; REGIONAL OUTLOOKS; SHALE OIL; TRADE PROTECTIONISM
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 264 Seiten)
  3. Living with debt
    how institutions can chart a path to recovery in the Middle East and North Africa
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be... mehr

    Zugang:
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be 7.2% below where it would be in 2021 without the pandemic. The region’s average GDP per capita is estimated to have declined 5.3 percent in 2020 and expected to rebound by only 0.6 percent in 2021. The number of poor people in the region—those making less than the $5.50 per day poverty line—is expected to increase from 176 million in 2019 to a conservative estimate of 192 million people by the end of 2021. The region’s public debt is expected to rise significantly. Most notably, MENA oil importers have the highest levels of debt. As the region copes with the economic consequences of the pandemic, most countries will face tensions between short-term needs and the long-term risks of debt-financed government spending. Countries must make tough choices along the road to recovery. During the pandemic, fiscal spending is arguably best used to support vulnerable families and invest in public health—such as disease surveillance, data transparency, and vaccinations. Public health investment as a short-term response to the pandemic could also bring long-term gains. As the pandemic subsides, there are good reasons to be cautious with additional fiscal stimulus, especially for countries with high debt, poor governance, and lack of transparency. After the pandemic, economic growth remains the most sustainable way to reduce the debt-GDP ratio, and this requires much-needed deep structural reforms. Strong institutions can chart a path to recovery. Investing in testing, disease surveillance, and data transparency can reduce the economic costs of the pandemic. As the pandemic subsides, effective and transparent pandemic surveillance would help boost demand from domestic and foreign sources. Good governance in public investment decisions can raise the effectiveness of public investment. Public debt transparency can help reduce borrowing costs. Institutional reforms can be implemented with limited fiscal costs and hold the promise of boosting long-run growth

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464816994
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/35275
    Schriftenreihe: MENA economic update ; April 2021
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Schulden; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Antizyklische Finanzpolitik; Coronavirus; MENA-Staaten; BUDGET TRANSPARENCY; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; DEBT SUSTAINABILITY; DEBT TRANSPARENCY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL BALANCE; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GOVERNANCE; INSTITUTIONS; OIL EXPORTER; OIL IMPORTER; OIL PRICE; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY; PUBLIC DEBT; PUBLIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Gesehen am 29.04.2021
  4. Climate-smart development
    adding up the benefits of actions that help build prosperity, end poverty and combat climate change
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    This report describes eff ... mehr

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    This report describes eff ...

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/18815
    Schlagworte: Entwicklung; Klimaschutz; ABATEMENT COST; ABATEMENT COSTS; ABATEMENT POTENTIAL; ACCIDENTS; ACID; ACID RAIN; ACIDIFICATION; AEROSOLS; AIR; AIR POLLUTANT; AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT; ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; ATMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS; BIOGAS; BIOMASS; BLACK CARBON; BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS; CAPITAL INVESTMENT; CAPITAL INVESTMENTS; CARBON; CARBON ABATEMENT; CARBON BUS; CARBON CAPTURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FINANCE; CARBON INTENSITY; CARBON MARKETS; CARBON MITIGATION; CARBON MONOXIDE; CARS; CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS; CH4; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CHEMICALS; CLEAN AIR; CLEAN AIR ACT; CLEANER FUELS; CLIMATE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS; CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION; CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES; CLIMATE CHANGES; CLIMATE OBJECTIVES; CLIMATE POLICY; CLIMATE PROTECTION; CLIMATE SYSTEM; CO; CO2; COAL; COAL MINES; COLORS; COMBUSTION; COMMUTERS; COMPOSTING; COST-BENEFIT; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COSTS OF EMISSIONS; CROSSING; DAMAGES; DIESEL; DISCOUNT RATE; DISCOUNT RATES; DISPOSABLE INCOME; ECONOMIC ACTIVITY; ECONOMIC ANALYSES; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC BENEFITS; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC IMPACTS; ECONOMIC POLICIES; ECOSYSTEM; EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION; ELASTICITY; ELECTRIC CARS; ELECTRIC VEHICLES; EMISSION; EMISSION FROM OIL; EMISSION REDUCTIONS; EMISSIONS; EMISSIONS CONTROL; EMISSIONS DATA; EMISSIONS MITIGATION; EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS REDUCTION; EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY INTENSITY; ENERGY POLICIES; ENERGY SAVINGS; ENERGY SECURITY; ENERGY SOURCES; ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; EUTROPHICATION; EXTERNALITIES; EXTREME POVERTY; EXTREME WEATHER; FEASIBILITY; FINANCIAL ANALYSIS; FLOODS; FOREST; FOSSIL FUELS; FUEL; FUEL COSTS; FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES; FUEL PRICE; FUELS; GAS PRODUCTION; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; GHG; GHGS; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE; GREENHOUSE GAS; GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCES; GREENHOUSE GASES; HFCS; HOUSEHOLD FUEL; HURRICANES; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; INACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE; IPCC; IRON; JOB GROWTH; JOBS; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; LAND MANAGEMENT; LANDFILL; LANDFILL GAS; LANES; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; LOCAL AIR POLLUTION; LOW-CARBON; MARGINAL ABATEMENT; MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST; MARGINAL COST; MARKET DISTORTIONS; METEOROLOGY; METHANE; METHANE EMISSIONS; MONETARY TERMS; MONETARY VALUE; MONTREAL; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; N2O; NATIONAL INCOME; NATURAL GAS; NET COST; NITROUS OXIDE; O3; OCEANS; OIL PRICE; OIL PRICES; OIL PRODUCTION; OPEN BURNING; OZONE; OZONE LAYER; OZONE PRECURSORS; PARTICLE; PARTICULATE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICULATES; PASSENGER VEHICLE; PERFORMANCE STANDARD; PHOTOVOLTAIC; PHOTOVOLTAICS; POLICY MAKERS; POLLUTANT EMISSIONS; PORTFOLIO; POWER PLANTS; POWER SECTOR; PRESENT VALUE; PRICE CHANGE; PRICE OF OIL; PUBLIC TRANSIT; PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS; RADIATIVE FORCING; RAIN; RAPID TRANSIT; RENEWABLE ENERGY; RISING COST; RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; ROAD; ROAD TRANSPORT; SANITATION; SCENARIOS; SECTOR-SPECIFIC MODELS; SOCIAL COST OF CARBON; SOLAR RADIATION; SPILLOVER EFFECTS; STREETS; SULFATE; SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; TRAFFIC; TRAFFIC CONGESTION; TRANSACTION COSTS; TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION; TRANSIT SYSTEM; TRANSIT SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT POLICIES; TRANSPORT SECTOR; TRANSPORT SYSTEMS; TRANSPORTATION; TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS; TRANSPORTATION PATTERNS; TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS; TRAVEL TIME; TROPOPAUSE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRUE; UNCERTAINTIES; UNEP; UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME; VEHICLE EFFICIENCY; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; WEALTH
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (XX, 65 S.), graph. Darst.
  5. The broad-based upturn, but for how long?
    Erschienen: January 2018
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, D.C

    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price... mehr

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VSP 732
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price collapse have begun to dissipate. However, the global economic outlook remains clouded by a number of risks. These include the possibility of financial market disruptions, rising protectionist sentiment, and heightened geopolitical tensions. Of particular concern is evidence of subdued productivity and slowing potential growth. In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes a chapter on the causes of the broad-based slowing of potential growth and suggests remedies. The report also contains Special Focus sections on the impact of the 2014-2016 oil price collapse and the relationship between education demographics and global inequality. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464812453
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/28932
    Schriftenreihe: Global economic prospects ; January 2018
    A World Bank Group flagship report
    Schlagworte: COMMODITY PRICES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING ECONOMIES; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; EDUCATION; EMERGING MARKETS; GLOBAL ECONOMY; INEQUALITY; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; LABOR MARKET; OIL PRICE; REGIONAL OUTLOOKS; SHALE OIL; TRADE PROTECTIONISM
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 264 Seiten)
  6. Climate-smart development
    adding up the benefits of actions that help build prosperity, end poverty and combat climate change
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    This report describes eff ... mehr

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VSM
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This report describes eff ...

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/18815
    Schlagworte: Entwicklung; Klimaschutz; ABATEMENT COST; ABATEMENT COSTS; ABATEMENT POTENTIAL; ACCIDENTS; ACID; ACID RAIN; ACIDIFICATION; AEROSOLS; AIR; AIR POLLUTANT; AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT; ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; ATMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS; BIOGAS; BIOMASS; BLACK CARBON; BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS; CAPITAL INVESTMENT; CAPITAL INVESTMENTS; CARBON; CARBON ABATEMENT; CARBON BUS; CARBON CAPTURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FINANCE; CARBON INTENSITY; CARBON MARKETS; CARBON MITIGATION; CARBON MONOXIDE; CARS; CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS; CH4; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CHEMICALS; CLEAN AIR; CLEAN AIR ACT; CLEANER FUELS; CLIMATE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS; CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION; CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES; CLIMATE CHANGES; CLIMATE OBJECTIVES; CLIMATE POLICY; CLIMATE PROTECTION; CLIMATE SYSTEM; CO; CO2; COAL; COAL MINES; COLORS; COMBUSTION; COMMUTERS; COMPOSTING; COST-BENEFIT; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COSTS OF EMISSIONS; CROSSING; DAMAGES; DIESEL; DISCOUNT RATE; DISCOUNT RATES; DISPOSABLE INCOME; ECONOMIC ACTIVITY; ECONOMIC ANALYSES; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC BENEFITS; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC IMPACTS; ECONOMIC POLICIES; ECOSYSTEM; EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION; ELASTICITY; ELECTRIC CARS; ELECTRIC VEHICLES; EMISSION; EMISSION FROM OIL; EMISSION REDUCTIONS; EMISSIONS; EMISSIONS CONTROL; EMISSIONS DATA; EMISSIONS MITIGATION; EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS REDUCTION; EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY INTENSITY; ENERGY POLICIES; ENERGY SAVINGS; ENERGY SECURITY; ENERGY SOURCES; ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; EUTROPHICATION; EXTERNALITIES; EXTREME POVERTY; EXTREME WEATHER; FEASIBILITY; FINANCIAL ANALYSIS; FLOODS; FOREST; FOSSIL FUELS; FUEL; FUEL COSTS; FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES; FUEL PRICE; FUELS; GAS PRODUCTION; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; GHG; GHGS; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE; GREENHOUSE GAS; GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCES; GREENHOUSE GASES; HFCS; HOUSEHOLD FUEL; HURRICANES; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; INACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE; IPCC; IRON; JOB GROWTH; JOBS; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; LAND MANAGEMENT; LANDFILL; LANDFILL GAS; LANES; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; LOCAL AIR POLLUTION; LOW-CARBON; MARGINAL ABATEMENT; MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST; MARGINAL COST; MARKET DISTORTIONS; METEOROLOGY; METHANE; METHANE EMISSIONS; MONETARY TERMS; MONETARY VALUE; MONTREAL; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; N2O; NATIONAL INCOME; NATURAL GAS; NET COST; NITROUS OXIDE; O3; OCEANS; OIL PRICE; OIL PRICES; OIL PRODUCTION; OPEN BURNING; OZONE; OZONE LAYER; OZONE PRECURSORS; PARTICLE; PARTICULATE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICULATES; PASSENGER VEHICLE; PERFORMANCE STANDARD; PHOTOVOLTAIC; PHOTOVOLTAICS; POLICY MAKERS; POLLUTANT EMISSIONS; PORTFOLIO; POWER PLANTS; POWER SECTOR; PRESENT VALUE; PRICE CHANGE; PRICE OF OIL; PUBLIC TRANSIT; PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS; RADIATIVE FORCING; RAIN; RAPID TRANSIT; RENEWABLE ENERGY; RISING COST; RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; ROAD; ROAD TRANSPORT; SANITATION; SCENARIOS; SECTOR-SPECIFIC MODELS; SOCIAL COST OF CARBON; SOLAR RADIATION; SPILLOVER EFFECTS; STREETS; SULFATE; SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; TRAFFIC; TRAFFIC CONGESTION; TRANSACTION COSTS; TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION; TRANSIT SYSTEM; TRANSIT SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT POLICIES; TRANSPORT SECTOR; TRANSPORT SYSTEMS; TRANSPORTATION; TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS; TRANSPORTATION PATTERNS; TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS; TRAVEL TIME; TROPOPAUSE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRUE; UNCERTAINTIES; UNEP; UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME; VEHICLE EFFICIENCY; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; WEALTH
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (XX, 65 S.), graph. Darst.