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  1. Interrelationships between human capital, migration and labour markets in the Western Balkans
    an econometric investigation
    Autor*in: Mara, Isilda; Landesmann, Michael
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    The high outward mobility that has characterised the countries in the Western Balkan (WB) region over the past three decades is often seen as tightly linked to severe labour market imbalances and persistently low utilisation of human capital over... mehr

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Bibliothek
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    Standort:
    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 666
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    The high outward mobility that has characterised the countries in the Western Balkan (WB) region over the past three decades is often seen as tightly linked to severe labour market imbalances and persistently low utilisation of human capital over time. To shed light on these issues, we estimate a system of equations that accounts for the effects of labour market determinants and human capital on migration and vice versa. The period under analysis is 2005-2019 and considers mobility from five of the WB countries to the EU15. The empirical results confirm the importance of wage gaps and their changes as an important pull factor for driving outward mobility from the WB region that can be persistent over time. Also, gaps in human capital emerge as a powerful determinant for explaining mobility into countries where returns on human capital are higher.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240640
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 196
    Schlagworte: Auswanderer; Auswanderung; Wirtschaftsindikator; Sozialer Indikator; Arbeitsmarkt; Migration; Labour Markets; Southeast Europe; Balkans; pVAR modelling; European integration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure
    a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit... mehr

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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246813
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 987
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The role of technological changes in labor markets transition: from historical to modern perspective
    Autor*in: Eliashvilli, Teona
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  Transformation, Integration and Globalization Economic Research, Warsaw

    Computing capability continues to expand at a breakneck pace. New technologies are permeating the economy at an increasing rate. Machines are becoming capable of performing jobs previously solely performed by people due to digitization and... mehr

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    Computing capability continues to expand at a breakneck pace. New technologies are permeating the economy at an increasing rate. Machines are becoming capable of performing jobs previously solely performed by people due to digitization and automation. Manufacturing processes and organizations are evolving, and new goods, services, and business strategies are emerging. These developments have significant ramifications for labour markets. The changing nature of work in the twenty-first century, the growing gap between skill supply and demand sparked a lively discussion regarding the role of technology in influencing future labour markets and general economic well-being. From historical to current perspectives, this working paper gives data on the effects of technology changes on labour markets. More particular, it seeks to address how technology advancements will transform the current labour market structure. The study uses the descriptive data analysis approach, based on academic literature and quantitative assessments of available data, in order to forecast the impact variables that may influence future labour market results. One of the paper's significant findings is that the main problem will not be the statistics. It refers to the employment structure and the resulting requirement for supply-side modifications to satisfy the shift in demand between occupations and sectors. Finally, this article discusses the policy consequences of systemic changes that first represent the functioning of education and training facilities, their linkages with labour market restrictions, and corporate methods to teach individuals with new skills.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/274094
    Schriftenreihe: TIGER working paper series ; no. 147
    Schlagworte: Technology; Technological Change; Labour Markets; Skill-Biases; Innovation; Technology Diffusion; Future Work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour-saving robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al., (2022), the... mehr

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    This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour-saving robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al., (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/259538
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 43 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Sociological labour market theories
    a German perspective on an international debate
    Autor*in: Weingärtner, Simon; Köhler, Christoph
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Forschungscluster OPAL der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Hamburg

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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Matiaske, Wenzel (HerausgeberIn); Liebsch, Katharina (HerausgeberIn); Junne, Jaromir (HerausgeberIn); Hensen, Rebekka (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266216
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers des Forschungscluster OPAL der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität ; No. 8
    Schlagworte: Labour Markets; Inequality; Political Sociology; Economic Sociology; Political Economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten), Diagramme
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hrsg. der Serie und von Nr. 8: Dr. Wenzel Matiaske, Prof. Dr. Katharina Liebsch, Jaromir June, Kontakt Rebekka Hensen
  6. Impact of slum redevelopment projects on labour market outcomes
    evidence from Addis Ababa
    Autor*in: Ozgen, Omer
    Erschienen: November 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford

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    Schriftenreihe: CSAE working paper ; WPS/2020, 12
    Schlagworte: Slum Redevelopment; Labour Markets; Urban Economics; Ethiopia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure
    a text-similarity measure
    Autor*in: Montobbio, Fabio; Staccioli, Jacopo; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco
    Erschienen: 23 November 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 044
    Schlagworte: Labour-Saving Technology; Natural Language Processes; Labour Markets; Technological Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The labor market in Ukraine
    rebuild better
    Autor*in: Anastasia, Giacomo; Boeri, Tito; Kudlyak, Marianna; Zholud, Oleksandr
    Erschienen: 27 December 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17769
    Schlagworte: Ukraine; Labour Markets; Reconstruction; Armed Conflict; War
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  9. COVID-19 and the South African economy
    Autor*in: Stern, Matthew; Loewald, Christopher
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Economic Research Southern Africa], [Cape Town]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion document / Ersa, Economic Research Southern Africa ; 02 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Labour Markets; Monetary Policy; Policy Reform; South Africa; Trade; Unemployment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Wages and labour relations in the Middle Ages
    it’s not (all) about the money
    Autor*in: Claridge, Jordan; Delabastita, Vincent; Gibbs, Spike
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: September 21, 2023
    Schriftenreihe: Economic history working papers / London School of Economics and Political Science ; no: 360
    Schlagworte: Labour Markets; Labour Relations; Medieval Economy; Wages
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Skills or a degree?
    the rise of skills-based hiring for AI and green jobs
    Autor*in: Ehlinger, Eugenia Gonzalez; Stephany, Fabian
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Bruegel, Brussels

    For emerging professions, such as jobs in the fi eld of artifi cial intelligence (AI) or sustainability (green), labour supply does not meet industry demand. In this scenario of labour shortages, our work aims to understand whether employers have... mehr

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    For emerging professions, such as jobs in the fi eld of artifi cial intelligence (AI) or sustainability (green), labour supply does not meet industry demand. In this scenario of labour shortages, our work aims to understand whether employers have started focusing on individual skills rather than on formal qualifi cations in their recruiting. By analysing a large time series dataset of around one million online job vacancies between 2019 and 2022 from the United Kingdom, and drawing on diverse literature on technological change and labour market signalling, we provide evidence that employers have started so-called 'skill-based hiring' for AI and green roles, as more fl exible hiring practices allow them to increase the available talent pool. In our observation period the demand for AI roles grew twice as much as average labour demand. At the same time, the mention of university education for AI roles declined by 23 percent, while AI roles advertise fi ve times as many skills as job postings on average. Our regression analysis also shows that university degrees no longer show an educational premium for AI roles, while for green positions the educational premium persists. In contrast, AI skills have a wage premium of 16 percent, similar to having a PhD (17 percent). Our work recommends making use of alternative skill building formats such as apprenticeships, on-the-job training, MOOCs (massive open online courses), vocational education and training, micro-certifi cates and online bootcamps to use human capital to its full potential and to tackle talent shortages.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Bruegel working paper ; 2023, issue 20
    Schlagworte: Future of Work; Labour Markets; Skills; Education; AI; Sustainability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen