Direkt zur Hauptnavigation springen Direkt zum Inhalt springen
info(at)avldigital.remove-this.de
Deutsch English
Letzte Suchanfragen

Ergebnisse für *

Zeige Ergebnisse 1 bis 8 von 8.

  1. Seizing the opportunity
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  The World Bank, Washington, DC

    Following the partial lifting of nuclear-related sanctions in November 2013 under the interim Joint Plan of Action (JPOA), Iran's economy rebounded in 20141 and is estimated to have expanded by 0.5 percent in 2015. A less accommodative monetary... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 732
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Following the partial lifting of nuclear-related sanctions in November 2013 under the interim Joint Plan of Action (JPOA), Iran's economy rebounded in 20141 and is estimated to have expanded by 0.5 percent in 2015. A less accommodative monetary policy stance reduced inflationary pressures, with the Consumer Price Index falling to 8.9 percent in February 2016, from a peak of 45.1 percent in June 2013. Notwithstanding this positive development,the pace of job creation has remained weak and the unemployment rate rose to 11.7 percent in 2015, up from 10.6 percent in 2014. The fiscal balance of the central government also deteriorated, mostly due to low oil prices, from a deficit of 1.2 percent of GDP in 2014 to a deficit of 2.7 percent of GDP in 2015. Similarly, the current account surplus is estimated to have shrank from 3.8 percent of GDP in 2014 to 0.6 percent of GDP in 2015 due to falling oil receipts

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/24409
    Schriftenreihe: Iran economic monitor ; March 2016
    Schlagworte: AGRICULTURE; AUDITS; AVERAGING; BANKRUPTCY; BENCHMARKING; BENCHMARKS; BONDS; CAPACITY BUILDING; CAPITAL; CAPITAL GAINS; CAPITAL MARKETS; CENTRAL BANK; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPETITIVENESS; CONSUMERS; CONSUMPTION; CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS; CPI; CREDIT; DEBT; DEMAND; DEVALUATION; DEVELOPMENT; DISTRIBUTION; ECONOMIC ACTIVITY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC IMPACT; ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS; ECONOMIC LOSS; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC SECTORS; ECONOMIC SIZE; ECONOMY; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUITY; EQUITY CAPITAL; EXCHANGE; EXOGENOUS VARIABLES; EXPECTATIONS; EXPECTED RETURN; EXPENDITURES; EXPORTS; FINANCIAL RESOURCES; FISCAL POLICIES; FISCAL POLICY; FREE TRADE; GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES; HUMAN CAPITAL; INCOME; INFLATION; INFLATION RATE; INFLUENCE; INTEREST; INTEREST RATE; INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; INVENTORIES; LABOR FORCE; LIQUIDITY; MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS; MACROECONOMICS; MARGINAL COST; MARKET PRICES; MARKETS; METALS; MINES; MODELS; MONETARY POLICY; MONEY; MONEY SUPPLY; NATURAL RESOURCES; NET EXPORTS; OIL; OIL PRICES; OPEC; OPPORTUNITY COST; ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES; OWNERSHIP; PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION; PAYMENTS; POLICY ENVIRONMENT; POLICY MAKERS; POTENTIAL OUTPUT; PRICE INCREASES; PRODUCERS; PRODUCTION; PROFITABILITY MEASURES; PROJECTIONS; PURCHASING POWER; REAL GDP; RESOURCES; REVENUES; RISK PREMIUM; RISKS; STOCK; SUBSIDY; TAX REVENUES; TAXES; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; TOTAL REVENUE; TRADE POLICIES; TRANSPARENCY; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT RATE; UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; VALUE; VALUE ADDED; VALUES; VARIABLES; WAGES; WEALTH; WELFARE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The labor content of exports database
    Autor*in: Calì, Massimiliano; Francois, Joseph F.; Hollweg, Claire H.; Manchin, Miriam; Oberdabernig, Doris Anita; Rojas-Romagosa, Hugo; Rubinova, Stela; Tomberger, Patrick
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice Group, Washington, D.C.

    This paper develops a novel methodology to measure the quantity of jobs and value of wages embodied in exports for a large number of countries and sectors for intermittent years between 1995 and 2011. The resulting Labor Content of Exports database... mehr

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    This paper develops a novel methodology to measure the quantity of jobs and value of wages embodied in exports for a large number of countries and sectors for intermittent years between 1995 and 2011. The resulting Labor Content of Exports database allows the examination of the direct contribution of labor to exports as well as the indirect contribution via other sectors of the economy for skilled and unskilled labor. The analysis of the new data sets documents several new findings. First, the global share of labor value added in exports has been declining globally since 1995, but it has increased in low-income countries. Second, in line with the standard Hecksher-Ohlin trade model, the composition of labor directly contained in exports is skewed toward skilled labor in high-income countries relative to developing countries. However, that is not the case for the indirect labor content of exports. Third, manufacturing exports are a key source of labor demand in other sectors, especially in middle- and low-income countries. And the majority of the indirect demand for labor spurred by exports is in services sectors, whose workers are the largest beneficiaries of exporting activities globally. Fourth, differences in the labor value added in exports share across developing countries appears to be driven more by differences in the composition of exports rather than in sector labor intensities. Finally, average wages typically increase rapidly enough with the process of economic development to more than compensate the loss in jobs per unit of exports. The paper also includes the necessary information to build the Labor Content of Exports database from the original raw data, including stata do-files and matlab files, as well as descriptions of the variables in the data set

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/24156
    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 7615
    Schlagworte: Export; Wertschöpfung; Datenbank; ACCOUNTING; AGRICULTURE; AVERAGE WAGE; AVERAGE WAGES; BANK; BILATERAL TRADE; CLERKS; COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE; COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES; COMPETITIVENESS; COUNTRY COMPARISONS; DEMAND; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENT POLICY; DIRECT VALUE; DOMESTIC INPUTS; DOMESTIC PRODUCTION; DRIVERS; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; ECONOMIC SYSTEMS; ECONOMICS; ECONOMIES; ECONOMY; EFFECTS; EMPLOYEES; EMPLOYMENT; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS; EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS; EXPORT GROWTH; EXPORT PRODUCTION; EXPORT SECTOR; EXPORTS; FINANCIAL SERVICES; GDP; GDP PER CAPITA; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS; GLOBAL TRADE; GOODS; GOVERNMENTS; GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT; GROSS VALUE; INCOME; INCOME GROUPS; INCOME LEVELS; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; INPUTS; INSURANCE; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; INVESTMENT; JOB; JOBS; LABOR; LABOR COMPENSATION; LABOR COSTS; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR FORCE; LABOR INTENSITIES; LABOR INTENSITY; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS; LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES; LABOR MARKETS; LABOR OFFICE; LABOR SHARE; LABOR VALUE; LABOR-INTENSIVE EXPORT; LABORERS; LAGS; LAND; MARKETS; MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES; MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY; MULTIPLIERS; NATIONAL INCOME; NATURAL RESOURCES; NOMINAL WAGES; OCCUPATIONS; ORGANIZATIONS; OUTCOMES; OUTPUTS; POLICIES; PREVIOUS STUDIES; PRICES; PRIVATE SECTOR; PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITIES; PRIVATE SERVICES; PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION FUNCTION; PRODUCTION PROCESS; PRODUCTIVITY; PUBLIC SERVICES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RENTS; SAVING; SECURITY; SERVANTS; SERVICES; SEWAGE; SHARES; SKILL GROUPS; SKILLED LABOR; SKILLED WORKERS; SUPPLIERS; SUPPLY; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; THEORY; TOTAL EMPLOYMENT; TOTAL OUTPUT; TOTAL WAGES; TRADE; TRADE AGREEMENT; TRADE DATA; TRADE FLOWS; TRADE MODEL; TRADE POLICY; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; UNSKILLED LABOR; UNSKILLED WORKERS; VALUE; VALUE ADDED; VALUE OF OUTPUT; VARIABLES; WAGES; WATER SUPPLY; WORKER; WORKERS; WORLD TRADE; WTO
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The big business of small enterprises
    evaluation of the World Bank Group experience with targeted support to small, and medium-size enterprises, 2006 - 2012 ; [march 2014]
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The World Bank Group promotes small and medium-size enterprise (SME) growth through both systemic and targeted interventions. A critical challenge is to root the many activities now undertaken in this broad space in a clear understanding of the... mehr

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    The World Bank Group promotes small and medium-size enterprise (SME) growth through both systemic and targeted interventions. A critical challenge is to root the many activities now undertaken in this broad space in a clear understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of SMEs role in the broader economy; and their actual and potential contribution to jobs, growth, and shared prosperity. A closely related challenge is to formulate clear strategies that connect interventions to intended outcomes and are accompanied by solid measurement systems that provide evidence of results and allow learning. Targeting means focusing benefits on one size-class of firms to the exclusion of others. Targeted support for SMEs is a big business for the World Bank Group, averaging around $3 billion a year in commitments, expenditures, and gross exposure over the 2006-12 periods. In the context of broader reforms, targeted small and medium-size enterprise (TSME) support can be a powerful tool and, given the size of the recent program, it is vital for the World Bank Group to use it effectively. Targeting SMEs is not an end in itself, but a means to create economies that can employ more people and create more opportunity for citizens to achieve prosperity. A thriving and growing SME sector is associated with rapidly growing economies. IEG s review of the SIP suggests that although it has high relevance, it is of doubtful efficacy and efficiency. MIGA s regular portfolio of TSME projects performs worse than other financial sector guarantees, and there is no evidence to determine their impact on SMEs. The viability and sustainability of SMEs investments, whether through SIP or the wholesale approach, could not be ascertained because of the lack of information on results and performance

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464803772
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/21191
    Schlagworte: KMU; Mittelstandspolitik; Welt; Entwicklungsländer; ACCESS TO CREDIT; ACCESS TO FINANCE; ACTIVE LABOR; ACTIVE LABOR MARKET; ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAM; ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS; ADJUSTMENT COSTS; BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT; CAPITAL LABOR RATIO; CAPITAL STOCK; CASUAL WORKER; CASUAL WORKERS; COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION; CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE; COOP; CORPORATION; DEFLATORS; DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; DISCRIMINATION; DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN; DIVIDENDS; EARNINGS; EARNINGS REGRESSIONS; ECONOMETRIC MODELS; ECONOMETRICS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC SURVEYS; ECONOMICS; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND; EMPLOYEE; EMPLOYMENT HISTORY; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; EXCESS DEMAND; EXCLUSION; EXPENDITURES; FARMER; FINANCIAL SUPPORT; FIRM GROWTH; FIRM SIZE; FUTURE RESEARCH; GENDER; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM; HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT; HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS; HUMAN CAPITAL; INCOME; INNOVATION; INPUT PRICE; INTERNATIONAL BANK; INTERNATIONAL FINANCE; JOB CREATION; JOB OPPORTUNITIES; JOBS; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR FORCE; LABOR INTENSITY; LABOR MARKET; MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES; MICRO-ENTERPRISE; MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT; MOTIVATION; OCCUPATION; ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE; OUTPUTS; OVERHEAD COST; PERMANENT WORKERS; PHYSICAL CAPITAL; PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS; PRODUCTION PROCESS; PRODUCTIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; RECEIPT; SELF EMPLOYED; SELF-EMPLOYMENT; SELF-EMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE; SKILLED PERSONNEL; SMALL FIRMS; SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES; SME; SME SUPPORT PROGRAMS; SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS; TOTAL COSTS; TRANSITION ECONOMIES; UNEMPLOYED; UNEMPLOYED WORKERS; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL; UNSKILLED LABOR; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION; WAGES; WORKER; WORKERS
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (XLIV, 214 S.), Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
  4. Heterogeneity in subjective wellbeing
    an application to occupational allocation in Africa
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth Team, Middle East and Northern Africa Region, Office of the Chief Economist, Washington, DC

    Using an extraordinarily rich panel dataset from Ghana, this paper explores the nature of self-employment and informality in developing countries through the analysis of self-reported happiness with work and life. Subjective job satisfaction measures... mehr

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    Using an extraordinarily rich panel dataset from Ghana, this paper explores the nature of self-employment and informality in developing countries through the analysis of self-reported happiness with work and life. Subjective job satisfaction measures allow assessment of the relative desirability of different jobs in ways that, conditional wage comparisons cannot. By exploiting recent advances in mixed (random parameter) ordered probit models, the distribution of subjective well-being across sectors of employment is quantified. There is little evidence for the overall inferiority of the small firm informal sector: there is not a robust average satisfaction premium for formal work vs. self-employment or informal salaried work, and owners of informal firms that employ others are on average significantly happier than workers in the formal private sector. Moreover, the estimated distribution of parameters predicting satisfaction reveal substantial heterogeneity in subjective well-being within sectors that conventional fixed parameter models, such as standard ordered probit models, cannot detect: Whatever the average satisfaction premium in a sector, all job categories contain both relatively happy and disgruntled workers. Specifically, roughly 67, 50, 40 and 59 percent prefer being a small-firm employer, sole proprietor, informal salaried, civic worker respectively, than formal work. Hence, there is a high degree of overlap in the distribution of satisfaction across sectors. The results are robust to the inclusion of fixed effects and alternate measures of satisfaction. Job characteristics, self-perceived autonomy and experimentally elicited measures of attitudes toward risk do not appear to explain these distributional patterns.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/12074
    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 6244
    Schlagworte: Zufriedenheit; Selbstständige; Informelle Wirtschaft; Berufswahl; Afrika; Ghana; ACCOUNTING; ATTRITION; AVERAGE WAGES; CLERICAL WORKERS; DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS; DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT; DRIVERS; EARNING; EARNINGS PROSPECTS; EMPLOYEE; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; ESTIMATED PARAMETERS; FIRING; FIRM SIZE; FORMAL SECTOR WAGE; FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS; HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; HOUSEHOLD WEALTH; HUMAN CAPITAL; INFORMAL ECONOMY; INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT; INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS; INFORMAL SECTOR; JOB CHARACTERISTICS; JOB SATISFACTION; JOB STATUS; JOB TENURE; JOBS; LABOR COMPENSATION; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR ECONOMICS; LABOR FORCE; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE; LABOR MARKET INDICATORS; LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS; LABOR MARKETS; LABORERS; LABOUR; LABOUR MARKET; MANUAL LABOR; OCCUPATION; PRESENT ANALYSIS; PREVIOUS RESULTS; PREVIOUS SECTION; PRIMARY CAUSE; PRIVATE SECTOR; PRODUCTIVITY; PROFESSIONS; PSE; PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES; PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS; PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS; RETIREMENT; SALARIED EMPLOYMENT; SALARIED WORKERS; SELFEMPLOYMENT; SMALL BUSINESSES; TURNOVER; UNEMPLOYED; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; UNPAID WORKERS; URBAN EMPLOYMENT; WAGE DIFFERENTIALS; WAGE EMPLOYMENT; WAGE PREMIUM; WORK IN PROGRESS; WORK SATISFACTION; WORKER; WORKERS; WORKING; WORKING HOURS; WORKPLACE
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 48 S., 3,5 MB), graph. Darst.
  5. Seizing the opportunity
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  The World Bank, Washington, DC

    Following the partial lifting of nuclear-related sanctions in November 2013 under the interim Joint Plan of Action (JPOA), Iran's economy rebounded in 20141 and is estimated to have expanded by 0.5 percent in 2015. A less accommodative monetary... mehr

    Zugang:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    Following the partial lifting of nuclear-related sanctions in November 2013 under the interim Joint Plan of Action (JPOA), Iran's economy rebounded in 20141 and is estimated to have expanded by 0.5 percent in 2015. A less accommodative monetary policy stance reduced inflationary pressures, with the Consumer Price Index falling to 8.9 percent in February 2016, from a peak of 45.1 percent in June 2013. Notwithstanding this positive development,the pace of job creation has remained weak and the unemployment rate rose to 11.7 percent in 2015, up from 10.6 percent in 2014. The fiscal balance of the central government also deteriorated, mostly due to low oil prices, from a deficit of 1.2 percent of GDP in 2014 to a deficit of 2.7 percent of GDP in 2015. Similarly, the current account surplus is estimated to have shrank from 3.8 percent of GDP in 2014 to 0.6 percent of GDP in 2015 due to falling oil receipts

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/24409
    Schriftenreihe: Iran economic monitor ; March 2016
    Schlagworte: AGRICULTURE; AUDITS; AVERAGING; BANKRUPTCY; BENCHMARKING; BENCHMARKS; BONDS; CAPACITY BUILDING; CAPITAL; CAPITAL GAINS; CAPITAL MARKETS; CENTRAL BANK; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPETITIVENESS; CONSUMERS; CONSUMPTION; CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS; CPI; CREDIT; DEBT; DEMAND; DEVALUATION; DEVELOPMENT; DISTRIBUTION; ECONOMIC ACTIVITY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC IMPACT; ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS; ECONOMIC LOSS; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC SECTORS; ECONOMIC SIZE; ECONOMY; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUITY; EQUITY CAPITAL; EXCHANGE; EXOGENOUS VARIABLES; EXPECTATIONS; EXPECTED RETURN; EXPENDITURES; EXPORTS; FINANCIAL RESOURCES; FISCAL POLICIES; FISCAL POLICY; FREE TRADE; GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES; HUMAN CAPITAL; INCOME; INFLATION; INFLATION RATE; INFLUENCE; INTEREST; INTEREST RATE; INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; INVENTORIES; LABOR FORCE; LIQUIDITY; MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS; MACROECONOMICS; MARGINAL COST; MARKET PRICES; MARKETS; METALS; MINES; MODELS; MONETARY POLICY; MONEY; MONEY SUPPLY; NATURAL RESOURCES; NET EXPORTS; OIL; OIL PRICES; OPEC; OPPORTUNITY COST; ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES; OWNERSHIP; PARTIAL PRIVATIZATION; PAYMENTS; POLICY ENVIRONMENT; POLICY MAKERS; POTENTIAL OUTPUT; PRICE INCREASES; PRODUCERS; PRODUCTION; PROFITABILITY MEASURES; PROJECTIONS; PURCHASING POWER; REAL GDP; RESOURCES; REVENUES; RISK PREMIUM; RISKS; STOCK; SUBSIDY; TAX REVENUES; TAXES; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; TOTAL REVENUE; TRADE POLICIES; TRANSPARENCY; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT RATE; UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; VALUE; VALUE ADDED; VALUES; VARIABLES; WAGES; WEALTH; WELFARE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Heterogeneity in subjective wellbeing
    an application to occupational allocation in Africa
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth Team, Middle East and Northern Africa Region, Office of the Chief Economist, Washington, DC

    Using an extraordinarily rich panel dataset from Ghana, this paper explores the nature of self-employment and informality in developing countries through the analysis of self-reported happiness with work and life. Subjective job satisfaction measures... mehr

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 2 (6244)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Using an extraordinarily rich panel dataset from Ghana, this paper explores the nature of self-employment and informality in developing countries through the analysis of self-reported happiness with work and life. Subjective job satisfaction measures allow assessment of the relative desirability of different jobs in ways that, conditional wage comparisons cannot. By exploiting recent advances in mixed (random parameter) ordered probit models, the distribution of subjective well-being across sectors of employment is quantified. There is little evidence for the overall inferiority of the small firm informal sector: there is not a robust average satisfaction premium for formal work vs. self-employment or informal salaried work, and owners of informal firms that employ others are on average significantly happier than workers in the formal private sector. Moreover, the estimated distribution of parameters predicting satisfaction reveal substantial heterogeneity in subjective well-being within sectors that conventional fixed parameter models, such as standard ordered probit models, cannot detect: Whatever the average satisfaction premium in a sector, all job categories contain both relatively happy and disgruntled workers. Specifically, roughly 67, 50, 40 and 59 percent prefer being a small-firm employer, sole proprietor, informal salaried, civic worker respectively, than formal work. Hence, there is a high degree of overlap in the distribution of satisfaction across sectors. The results are robust to the inclusion of fixed effects and alternate measures of satisfaction. Job characteristics, self-perceived autonomy and experimentally elicited measures of attitudes toward risk do not appear to explain these distributional patterns.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/12074
    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 6244
    Schlagworte: Zufriedenheit; Selbstständige; Informelle Wirtschaft; Berufswahl; Afrika; Ghana; ACCOUNTING; ATTRITION; AVERAGE WAGES; CLERICAL WORKERS; DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS; DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT; DRIVERS; EARNING; EARNINGS PROSPECTS; EMPLOYEE; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; ESTIMATED PARAMETERS; FIRING; FIRM SIZE; FORMAL SECTOR WAGE; FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS; HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; HOUSEHOLD WEALTH; HUMAN CAPITAL; INFORMAL ECONOMY; INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT; INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS; INFORMAL SECTOR; JOB CHARACTERISTICS; JOB SATISFACTION; JOB STATUS; JOB TENURE; JOBS; LABOR COMPENSATION; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR ECONOMICS; LABOR FORCE; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE; LABOR MARKET INDICATORS; LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS; LABOR MARKETS; LABORERS; LABOUR; LABOUR MARKET; MANUAL LABOR; OCCUPATION; PRESENT ANALYSIS; PREVIOUS RESULTS; PREVIOUS SECTION; PRIMARY CAUSE; PRIVATE SECTOR; PRODUCTIVITY; PROFESSIONS; PSE; PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES; PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS; PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS; RETIREMENT; SALARIED EMPLOYMENT; SALARIED WORKERS; SELFEMPLOYMENT; SMALL BUSINESSES; TURNOVER; UNEMPLOYED; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; UNPAID WORKERS; URBAN EMPLOYMENT; WAGE DIFFERENTIALS; WAGE EMPLOYMENT; WAGE PREMIUM; WORK IN PROGRESS; WORK SATISFACTION; WORKER; WORKERS; WORKING; WORKING HOURS; WORKPLACE
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 48 S., 3,5 MB), graph. Darst.
  7. The labor content of exports database
    Autor*in: Calì, Massimiliano; Francois, Joseph F.; Hollweg, Claire H.; Manchin, Miriam; Oberdabernig, Doris Anita; Rojas-Romagosa, Hugo; Rubinova, Stela; Tomberger, Patrick
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice Group, Washington, D.C.

    This paper develops a novel methodology to measure the quantity of jobs and value of wages embodied in exports for a large number of countries and sectors for intermittent years between 1995 and 2011. The resulting Labor Content of Exports database... mehr

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 2 (7615)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    This paper develops a novel methodology to measure the quantity of jobs and value of wages embodied in exports for a large number of countries and sectors for intermittent years between 1995 and 2011. The resulting Labor Content of Exports database allows the examination of the direct contribution of labor to exports as well as the indirect contribution via other sectors of the economy for skilled and unskilled labor. The analysis of the new data sets documents several new findings. First, the global share of labor value added in exports has been declining globally since 1995, but it has increased in low-income countries. Second, in line with the standard Hecksher-Ohlin trade model, the composition of labor directly contained in exports is skewed toward skilled labor in high-income countries relative to developing countries. However, that is not the case for the indirect labor content of exports. Third, manufacturing exports are a key source of labor demand in other sectors, especially in middle- and low-income countries. And the majority of the indirect demand for labor spurred by exports is in services sectors, whose workers are the largest beneficiaries of exporting activities globally. Fourth, differences in the labor value added in exports share across developing countries appears to be driven more by differences in the composition of exports rather than in sector labor intensities. Finally, average wages typically increase rapidly enough with the process of economic development to more than compensate the loss in jobs per unit of exports. The paper also includes the necessary information to build the Labor Content of Exports database from the original raw data, including stata do-files and matlab files, as well as descriptions of the variables in the data set

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/24156
    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 7615
    Schlagworte: Export; Wertschöpfung; Datenbank; ACCOUNTING; AGRICULTURE; AVERAGE WAGE; AVERAGE WAGES; BANK; BILATERAL TRADE; CLERKS; COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE; COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES; COMPETITIVENESS; COUNTRY COMPARISONS; DEMAND; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENT POLICY; DIRECT VALUE; DOMESTIC INPUTS; DOMESTIC PRODUCTION; DRIVERS; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; ECONOMIC SYSTEMS; ECONOMICS; ECONOMIES; ECONOMY; EFFECTS; EMPLOYEES; EMPLOYMENT; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS; EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS; EXPORT GROWTH; EXPORT PRODUCTION; EXPORT SECTOR; EXPORTS; FINANCIAL SERVICES; GDP; GDP PER CAPITA; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS; GLOBAL TRADE; GOODS; GOVERNMENTS; GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT; GROSS VALUE; INCOME; INCOME GROUPS; INCOME LEVELS; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; INPUTS; INSURANCE; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; INVESTMENT; JOB; JOBS; LABOR; LABOR COMPENSATION; LABOR COSTS; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR FORCE; LABOR INTENSITIES; LABOR INTENSITY; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS; LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES; LABOR MARKETS; LABOR OFFICE; LABOR SHARE; LABOR VALUE; LABOR-INTENSIVE EXPORT; LABORERS; LAGS; LAND; MARKETS; MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES; MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY; MULTIPLIERS; NATIONAL INCOME; NATURAL RESOURCES; NOMINAL WAGES; OCCUPATIONS; ORGANIZATIONS; OUTCOMES; OUTPUTS; POLICIES; PREVIOUS STUDIES; PRICES; PRIVATE SECTOR; PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITIES; PRIVATE SERVICES; PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION FUNCTION; PRODUCTION PROCESS; PRODUCTIVITY; PUBLIC SERVICES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RENTS; SAVING; SECURITY; SERVANTS; SERVICES; SEWAGE; SHARES; SKILL GROUPS; SKILLED LABOR; SKILLED WORKERS; SUPPLIERS; SUPPLY; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; THEORY; TOTAL EMPLOYMENT; TOTAL OUTPUT; TOTAL WAGES; TRADE; TRADE AGREEMENT; TRADE DATA; TRADE FLOWS; TRADE MODEL; TRADE POLICY; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; UNSKILLED LABOR; UNSKILLED WORKERS; VALUE; VALUE ADDED; VALUE OF OUTPUT; VARIABLES; WAGES; WATER SUPPLY; WORKER; WORKERS; WORLD TRADE; WTO
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The big business of small enterprises
    evaluation of the World Bank Group experience with targeted support to small, and medium-size enterprises, 2006 - 2012 ; [march 2014]
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The World Bank Group promotes small and medium-size enterprise (SME) growth through both systemic and targeted interventions. A critical challenge is to root the many activities now undertaken in this broad space in a clear understanding of the... mehr

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VSM
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The World Bank Group promotes small and medium-size enterprise (SME) growth through both systemic and targeted interventions. A critical challenge is to root the many activities now undertaken in this broad space in a clear understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of SMEs role in the broader economy; and their actual and potential contribution to jobs, growth, and shared prosperity. A closely related challenge is to formulate clear strategies that connect interventions to intended outcomes and are accompanied by solid measurement systems that provide evidence of results and allow learning. Targeting means focusing benefits on one size-class of firms to the exclusion of others. Targeted support for SMEs is a big business for the World Bank Group, averaging around $3 billion a year in commitments, expenditures, and gross exposure over the 2006-12 periods. In the context of broader reforms, targeted small and medium-size enterprise (TSME) support can be a powerful tool and, given the size of the recent program, it is vital for the World Bank Group to use it effectively. Targeting SMEs is not an end in itself, but a means to create economies that can employ more people and create more opportunity for citizens to achieve prosperity. A thriving and growing SME sector is associated with rapidly growing economies. IEG s review of the SIP suggests that although it has high relevance, it is of doubtful efficacy and efficiency. MIGA s regular portfolio of TSME projects performs worse than other financial sector guarantees, and there is no evidence to determine their impact on SMEs. The viability and sustainability of SMEs investments, whether through SIP or the wholesale approach, could not be ascertained because of the lack of information on results and performance

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781464803772
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/21191
    Schlagworte: KMU; Mittelstandspolitik; Welt; Entwicklungsländer; ACCESS TO CREDIT; ACCESS TO FINANCE; ACTIVE LABOR; ACTIVE LABOR MARKET; ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAM; ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS; ADJUSTMENT COSTS; BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT; CAPITAL LABOR RATIO; CAPITAL STOCK; CASUAL WORKER; CASUAL WORKERS; COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION; CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE; COOP; CORPORATION; DEFLATORS; DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; DISCRIMINATION; DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN; DIVIDENDS; EARNINGS; EARNINGS REGRESSIONS; ECONOMETRIC MODELS; ECONOMETRICS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC SURVEYS; ECONOMICS; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND; EMPLOYEE; EMPLOYMENT HISTORY; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; EXCESS DEMAND; EXCLUSION; EXPENDITURES; FARMER; FINANCIAL SUPPORT; FIRM GROWTH; FIRM SIZE; FUTURE RESEARCH; GENDER; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM; HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT; HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS; HUMAN CAPITAL; INCOME; INNOVATION; INPUT PRICE; INTERNATIONAL BANK; INTERNATIONAL FINANCE; JOB CREATION; JOB OPPORTUNITIES; JOBS; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR FORCE; LABOR INTENSITY; LABOR MARKET; MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES; MICRO-ENTERPRISE; MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT; MOTIVATION; OCCUPATION; ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE; OUTPUTS; OVERHEAD COST; PERMANENT WORKERS; PHYSICAL CAPITAL; PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS; PRODUCTION PROCESS; PRODUCTIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; RECEIPT; SELF EMPLOYED; SELF-EMPLOYMENT; SELF-EMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE; SKILLED PERSONNEL; SMALL FIRMS; SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES; SME; SME SUPPORT PROGRAMS; SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS; TOTAL COSTS; TRANSITION ECONOMIES; UNEMPLOYED; UNEMPLOYED WORKERS; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL; UNSKILLED LABOR; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION; WAGES; WORKER; WORKERS
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (XLIV, 214 S.), Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.