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  1. Knowledge spillovers from superstar tech-firms
    the case of Nokia
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Chérif, Réda; Hasanov, Fuad; Kuosmanen, Natalia; Pajarinen, Mika
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Do workers hired from superstar tech-firms contribute to better firm performance? To address this question, we analyze the effects of tacit knowledge spillovers from Nokia in the context of a quasi-natural experiment in Finland, the closure of... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitätsbibliothek Erfurt / Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Universitätsbibliothek Erfurt
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    Bibliothek der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg/Breisgau
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Technische Universität Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Heidenheim, Bibliothek
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    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
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    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Mosbach, Bibliothek
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    E-Book Nationallizenz IMF
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    Hochschule Offenburg, University of Applied Sciences, Bibliothek Campus Offenburg
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    E-Book International Monetary Fund
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    Hochschulbibliothek Pforzheim, Bereichsbibliothek Technik und Wirtschaft
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    e-Book International Monetary Fund eLibrary
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    Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg Ravensburg, Bibliothek
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    Do workers hired from superstar tech-firms contribute to better firm performance? To address this question, we analyze the effects of tacit knowledge spillovers from Nokia in the context of a quasi-natural experiment in Finland, the closure of Nokia's mobile device division in 2014 and the massive labor movement it implied. We apply a two-stage difference-in-differences approach with heterogeneous treatment to estimate the causal effects of hiring former Nokia employees. Our results provide new evidence supporting the positive causal role of former Nokia workers on firm performance. The evidence of the positive spillovers on firms is particularly strong in terms of employment and value added

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781589065291
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 258
    Schlagworte: human capital; employment; value added; Nokia; difference-in-differences; heterogeneous treatment; knowledge spillovers; superstar firms; Human Capital; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Labor Productivity; Occupational Choice; Promotion; Skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Who Benefits from Meritocracy?
    Autor*in: Moreira, Diana B.; Pérez, Santiago
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Does screening applicants using exams help or hurt the chances of lower-SES candidates? Because individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds fare, on average, worse than those from richer backgrounds in standardized tests, a common concern with... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Does screening applicants using exams help or hurt the chances of lower-SES candidates? Because individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds fare, on average, worse than those from richer backgrounds in standardized tests, a common concern with this "meritocratic" approach is that it might have a negative impact on the opportunities of lower-SES individuals. However, an alternative view is that, even if such applicants underperformed on exams, other (potentially more discretionary and less impersonal) selection criteria might put them at an even worse disadvantage. We investigate this question using evidence from the 1883 Pendleton Act, a landmark reform in American history which introduced competitive exams to select certain federal employees. Using newly assembled data on the socioeconomic backgrounds of government employees and a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that, although the reform increased the representation of "educated outsiders" (individuals with high education but limited connections), it reduced the share of lower-SES individuals. This decline was driven by a higher representation of the middle class, with little change in the representation of upper-class applicants. The drop in the representation of lower-SES workers was stronger among applicants from states with more unequal access to schooling as well as in offices that relied more heavily on connections prior to the reform. These findings suggest that, although using exams could help select more qualified candidates, these improvements can come with the cost of increased elitism

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30113
    Schlagworte: Öffentlicher Dienst; Angestellte; Personalauswahl; Soziale Lage; Bildungsniveau; Geschichte; USA; Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Personnel Economics; U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  3. Investing in Infants
    The Lasting Effects of Cash Transfers to New Families
    Autor*in: Barr, Andrew C.; Eggleston, Jonathan; Smith, Alexander A.
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We provide new evidence that cash transfers following the birth of a first child can have large and long-lasting effects on that child's outcomes. We take advantage of the January 1 birthdate cutoff for U.S. child-related tax benefits, which results... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We provide new evidence that cash transfers following the birth of a first child can have large and long-lasting effects on that child's outcomes. We take advantage of the January 1 birthdate cutoff for U.S. child-related tax benefits, which results in families of otherwise similar children receiving substantially different refunds during the first year of life. For the average low-income single-child family in our sample this difference amounts to roughly $1,300, or 10 percent of income. Using the universe of administrative federal tax data in selected years, we show that this transfer in infancy increases young adult earnings by at least 1 to 2 percent, with larger effects for males. These effects show up at earlier ages in terms of improved math and reading test scores and a higher likelihood of high school graduation. The observed effects on shorter-run parental outcomes suggest that additional liquidity during the critical window following the birth of a first child leads to persistent increases in family income that likely contribute to the downstream effects on children's outcomes. The longer-term effects on child earnings alone are large enough that the transfer pays for itself through subsequent increases in federal income tax revenue

     
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  4. The Rise of Age-Friendly Jobs
    Autor*in: Acemoglu, Daron; Mühlbach, Nicolaj Søndergaard; Scott, Andrew
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    In 1990, one in five U.S. workers were aged over 50 years whereas today it is one in three. One possible explanation for this is that occupations have become more accommodating to the preferences of older workers. We explore this by constructing an... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    In 1990, one in five U.S. workers were aged over 50 years whereas today it is one in three. One possible explanation for this is that occupations have become more accommodating to the preferences of older workers. We explore this by constructing an "age-friendliness" index for occupations. We use Natural Language Processing to measure the degree of overlap between textual descriptions of occupations and characteristics which define age friendliness. Our index provides an approximation to rankings produced by survey participants and has predictive power for the occupational share of older workers. We find that between 1990 and 2020 around three quarters of occupations have seen their age-friendliness increase and employment in above-average age-friendly occupations has risen by 49 million. However, older workers have not benefited disproportionately from this rise, with substantial gains going to younger females and college graduates and with male non-college educated workers losing out the most. These findings point to the need to frame the rise of age-friendly jobs in the context of other labour market trends and imperfections. Purely age-based policies are insufficient given both heterogeneity amongst older workers as well as similarities between groups of older and younger workers. The latter is especially apparent in the overlapping appeal of specific occupational characteristics

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30463
    Schlagworte: Ältere Arbeitskräfte; Arbeitsbedingungen; USA; Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity; Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts; Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  5. Comparing the Effects of Policies for the Labor Market Integration of Refugees
    Autor*in: Foged, Mette; Hasager, Linea; Peri, Giovanni
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper estimates, within a common framework, the effects of four types of integration polices on the employment probability and earnings of refugees in Denmark during the last three decades. We first review the studies that use a credible... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This paper estimates, within a common framework, the effects of four types of integration polices on the employment probability and earnings of refugees in Denmark during the last three decades. We first review the studies that use a credible identification strategy to evaluate the causal effects of these types of policies on the assimilation of refugees in developed countries. We then describe the dynamics of labor market outcomes of several cohorts of refugees in Denmark. To our knowledge, Denmark is the only country where the number and design of policy changes and the longitudinal individual data availability make such an analysis possible. Our analysis suggests that improved language training, combined with initial placement of refugees in strong labor markets, significantly improved their long-run labor market outcomes. On the contrary, cutting initial welfare payments and housing them near other refugees does not seem to improve their long-run outcomes. Active labor market policies focused on matching refugees with simple jobs in high demand occupations may have positive short-run effects, but we cannot yet assess their long-run effects

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30534
    Schlagworte: Migrationspolitik; Arbeitsmarktintegration; Flüchtlinge; Wirkungsanalyse; Dänemark; Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination; Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  6. The Employment Effects of Mobile Internet in Developing Countries
    Autor*in: Chiplunkar, Gaurav; Goldberg, Pinelopi K.
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine the employment effects of 3G mobile internet expansion in developing countries. We find that 3G significantly increases the labor force participation rate of women and the employment rates of both men and women. Our results suggest that 3G... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We examine the employment effects of 3G mobile internet expansion in developing countries. We find that 3G significantly increases the labor force participation rate of women and the employment rates of both men and women. Our results suggest that 3G affects the type of jobs and there is a distinct gender dimension to these effects. Men transition away from unpaid agricultural work into operating small agricultural enterprises, while women take more unpaid jobs, especially in agriculture, and operate more small businesses in all sectors. Both men and women are more likely to work in wage jobs in the service sector

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30741
    Schlagworte: Mobiltelefon; Mobilkommunikation; Beschäftigungseffekt; Frauen; Männer; Entwicklungsländer; Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; General; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  7. Identification and Estimation of Continuous-Time Job Search Models with Preference Shocks
    Autor*in: Arcidiacono, Peter; Gyetvai, Attila; Maurel, Arnaud; Jardim, Ekaterina S.
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper applies some of the key insights of dynamic discrete choice models to continuous-time job search models. We propose a novel framework that incorporates preference shocks into search models, resulting in a tight connection between value... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This paper applies some of the key insights of dynamic discrete choice models to continuous-time job search models. We propose a novel framework that incorporates preference shocks into search models, resulting in a tight connection between value functions and conditional choice probabilities. Including preference shocks allows us to establish constructive identification of all the model parameters. Our method also makes it possible to estimate rich nonstationary job search models in a simple and tractable way, without having to solve any differential equations. We apply our framework to rich longitudinal data from Hungarian administrative records, allowing for nonstationarities in offer arrival rates, wage offers, and in the flow payoff of unemployment. Longer unemployment durations are associated with substantially worse wage offers and lower offer arrival rates, which results in accepted wages falling over time

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30655
    Schlagworte: Diskrete Entscheidung; Arbeitsuche; Suchtheorie; Other; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. A Trajectories-Based Approach to Measuring Intergenerational Mobility
    Autor*in: Chang, Yoosoon; Durlauf, Steven N.; Lee, Seunghee; Park, Joon Y.
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper develops an approach to intergenerational mobility in which the trajectories of parental incomes during childhood and adolescence are the conditioning objects for characterizing dependence across generations. We use functional regression... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This paper develops an approach to intergenerational mobility in which the trajectories of parental incomes during childhood and adolescence are the conditioning objects for characterizing dependence across generations. We use functional regression methods to produce an intergenerational elasticity curve that measures how marginal changes in income at each age affect expected offspring permanent income. Using the PSID, estimates of this curve exhibit near monotonicity with respect to age, so that parental incomes in middle childhood and adolescence have larger marginal effects than incomes in early childhood. When interactions are allowed to occur between incomes at different ages, we find a complex pattern of substitutability between incomes at ages that are close in time versus complementarity between parental incomes for ages early childhood and adolescence. Qualitatively similar results hold for offspring education while we do not find evidence of age-specific effects for occupation. We conclude that important information about the links between parental incomes and children exists beyond the scalar characterization of parental permanent income

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31020
    Schlagworte: Intergenerationenmobilität; Haushaltseinkommen; Eltern; Kinder; Schätzung; USA; Estimation: General; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  9. Public Education and Intergenerational Housing Wealth Effects
    Autor*in: Gilraine, Michael; Graham, James; Zheng, Angela
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    While rising house prices benefit existing homeowners, we document a new channel through which price shocks have intergenerational wealth effects. Using panel data from school zones within a large U.S. school district, we find that higher local house... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    While rising house prices benefit existing homeowners, we document a new channel through which price shocks have intergenerational wealth effects. Using panel data from school zones within a large U.S. school district, we find that higher local house prices lead to improvements in local school quality, thereby increasing child human capital and future incomes. We quantify this housing wealth channel using an overlapping generations model with neighborhood choice, spatial equilibrium, and endogenous school quality. Housing market shocks in the model generate large intra- and intergenerational wealth effects, with the latter accounting for over half of total wealth effects

     
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  10. Where Do STEM Graduates Stem From? The Intergenerational Transmission of Comparative Skill Advantages
    Autor*in: Hanushek, Eric Alan; Jacobs, Babs; Schwerdt, Guido; Velden, Rolf van der; Vermeulen, Stan; Wiederhold, Simon
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The standard economic model of occupational choice following a basic Roy model emphasizes individual selection and comparative advantage, but the sources of comparative advantage are not well understood. We employ a unique combination of Dutch survey... mehr

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    The standard economic model of occupational choice following a basic Roy model emphasizes individual selection and comparative advantage, but the sources of comparative advantage are not well understood. We employ a unique combination of Dutch survey and registry data that links math and language skills across generations and permits analysis of the intergenerational transmission of comparative skill advantages. Exploiting within-family between-subject variation in skills, we show that comparative advantages in math of parents are significantly linked to those of their children. A causal interpretation follows from a novel IV estimation that isolates variation in parent skill advantages due to their teacher and classroom peer quality. Finally, we show the strong influence of family skill transmission on children's choices of STEM fields

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31186
    Schlagworte: Absolventen; Naturwissenschaft; Mathematik; Eltern; Qualifikation; Bildungsniveau; Intergenerationale Übertragung; Kinder; Schulbesuch; Bildungsertrag; Schätzung; Niederlande; Education and Inequality; Returns to Education; Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
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  11. Knowledge spillovers from superstar tech-firms
    the case of Nokia
    Autor*in: Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki; Chérif, Réda; Hasanov, Fuad; Kuosmanen, Natalia; Pajarinen, Mika
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Do workers hired from superstar tech-firms contribute to better firm performance? To address this question, we analyze the effects of tacit knowledge spillovers from Nokia in the context of a quasi-natural experiment in Finland, the closure of... mehr

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    Do workers hired from superstar tech-firms contribute to better firm performance? To address this question, we analyze the effects of tacit knowledge spillovers from Nokia in the context of a quasi-natural experiment in Finland, the closure of Nokia's mobile device division in 2014 and the massive labor movement it implied. We apply a two-stage difference-in-differences approach with heterogeneous treatment to estimate the causal effects of hiring former Nokia employees. Our results provide new evidence supporting the positive causal role of former Nokia workers on firm performance. The evidence of the positive spillovers on firms is particularly strong in terms of employment and value added

     
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    ISBN: 9781589065291
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 258
    Schlagworte: human capital; employment; value added; Nokia; difference-in-differences; heterogeneous treatment; knowledge spillovers; superstar firms; Human Capital; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Labor Productivity; Occupational Choice; Promotion; Skills
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  12. The Intergenerational Transmission of Housing Wealth
    Autor*in: Daysal, N. Meltem; Lovenheim, Michael F.; Wasser, David N.
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Rising wealth inequality has spurred an increased interest in understanding how and why wealth is correlated across generations. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in housing wealth driven by home price changes in different areas to isolate the... mehr

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    Rising wealth inequality has spurred an increased interest in understanding how and why wealth is correlated across generations. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in housing wealth driven by home price changes in different areas to isolate the causal impact of parental housing wealth during different childhood periods on children's long-run wealth accumulation. Using population-level Danish administrative data, we find that 27% and 25% of each Krone of parental housing wealth change during early-childhood is transmitted to children's overall and housing wealth in adulthood, respectively. The corresponding transmission rates for parental housing wealth changes during middle-childhood are 25% and 15%, with a transmission to non-housing wealth of 10%. There is little evidence of transmission of parental housing wealth changes that occur during the teenage years. Examining mechanisms, we find that parental housing wealth changes in early and middle-childhood lead to modest increases in adult children's home ownership, educational attainment, and earnings. However, earnings and education can explain only 20-30% of the intergenerational transmission of parental wealth gains during these periods. We argue that the transmission of parental housing wealth changes in childhood are driven in large part by changes to unobserved household environment and parental behaviors that are passed on to children and shape their savings behavior in adulthood

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31669
    Schlagworte: Intergenerationale Übertragung; Generationengerechtigkeit; Vermögen; Wohneigentum; USA; Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
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  13. Intergenerational Mobility of Daughters and Marital Sorting
    New Evidence from Imperial China
    Autor*in: Keller, Wolfgang; Shiue, Carol H.
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study the role of marriage for women's intergenerational mobility during the Ming-Qing (1368-1911) period. Using status information based on the timing of marriage from family histories in Central China, already in the early 1500s it is the case... mehr

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    We study the role of marriage for women's intergenerational mobility during the Ming-Qing (1368-1911) period. Using status information based on the timing of marriage from family histories in Central China, already in the early 1500s it is the case that daughters from rich families attain higher status over their lifetime than daughters from poorer families. This intergenerational status persistence is partly due to marital sorting because daughters from high-status families tend to become the wives of sons who themselves come from rich families. Quantitatively, the correlation of 0.6 between the status of biological and in-law families means that marriage accounts for more than one third of total intergenerational status transmission, while not accounting for marriage overestimates mobility by more than 20 percent. Further underscoring the importance of marriage, typically the status of the in-law family plays a larger role for intergenerational status transmission than the child's biological grandparents. Over the period 1500 to 1900, the degree of marital sorting falls, as does intergenerational persistence. Lower investments in the marriage market to find a good match for a daughter go hand in hand with the fall in the returns to son education due to the decline of China's civil service examination

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31695
    Schlagworte: Ehe; Frauen; Intergenerationenmobilität; Soziale Mobilität; Soziale Schicht; Familienökonomik; China; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
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  14. Obsolescence Rents
    Teamsters, Truckers, and Impending Innovations
    Autor*in: Cavounidis, Costas; Chai, Qingyuan; Lang, Kevin; Malhotra, Raghav
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We consider large, permanent shocks to individual occupations whose arrival date is uncertain. We are motivated by the advent of self-driving trucks, which will dramatically reduce demand for truck drivers. Using a bare-bones overlapping generations... mehr

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    We consider large, permanent shocks to individual occupations whose arrival date is uncertain. We are motivated by the advent of self-driving trucks, which will dramatically reduce demand for truck drivers. Using a bare-bones overlapping generations model, we examine an occupation facing obsolescence. We show that workers must be compensated to enter the occupation - receiving what we dub obsolescence rents - with fewer and older workers remaining in the occupation. We investigate the market for teamsters at the dawn of the automotive truck as an á propos parallel to truckers themselves, as self-driving trucks crest the horizon. As widespread adoption of trucks drew nearer, the number of teamsters fell, the occupation became 'grayer', and teamster wages rose, as predicted by the model

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31743
    Schlagworte: Disruptive Innovation; Logistikberufe; Lastkraftwagen; Elektrofahrzeug; Beschäftigungseffekt; Overlapping Generations; USA; General; Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
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  15. Industry Wage Differentials
    A Firm-Based Approach
    Autor*in: Card, David E.; Rothstein, Jesse; Yi, Moises
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We revisit the estimation of industry wage differentials using linked employer-employee data from the U.S. LEHD program. Building on recent advances in the measurement of employer wage premiums, we define the industry wage effect as the... mehr

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    We revisit the estimation of industry wage differentials using linked employer-employee data from the U.S. LEHD program. Building on recent advances in the measurement of employer wage premiums, we define the industry wage effect as the employment-weighted average workplace premium in that industry. We show that cross-sectional estimates of industry differentials overstate the pay premiums due to unmeasured worker heterogeneity. Conversely, estimates based on industry movers understate the true premiums, due to unmeasured heterogeneity in pay premiums within industries. Industry movers who switch to higher-premium industries tend to leave firms in the origin sector that pay above-average premiums and move to firms in the destination sector with below-average premiums (and vice versa), attenuating the measured industry effects. Our preferred estimates reveal substantial heterogeneity in narrowly-defined industry premiums, with a standard deviation of 12%. On average, workers in higher-paying industries have higher observed and unobserved skills, widening between-industry wage inequality. There are also small but systematic differences in industry premiums across cities, with a wider distribution of pay premiums and more worker sorting in cities with more high-premium firms and high-skilled workers

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31588
    Schlagworte: Lohnstruktur; Lohnniveau; Arbeitsplatzwechsel; Branche; USA; Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
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  16. (Breaking) Intergenerational Transmission of Mental Health
    Autor*in: Bütikofer, Aline; Ginja, Rita; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Landaud, Fanny
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We estimate health associations across generations and dynasties using information on healthcare visits from administrative data for the entire Norwegian population. A parental mental health diagnosis is associated with a 9.3 percentage point (40%)... mehr

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    We estimate health associations across generations and dynasties using information on healthcare visits from administrative data for the entire Norwegian population. A parental mental health diagnosis is associated with a 9.3 percentage point (40%) higher probability of a mental health diagnosis of their adolescent child. Intensive margin physical and mental health associations are similar, and dynastic estimates account for about 40% of the intergenerational persistence. We also show that a policy targeting additional health resources for the young children of adults diagnosed with mental health conditions reduced the parent-child mental health association by about 40%

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31446
    Schlagworte: Psychische Krankheit; Intergenerationale Übertragung; Eltern; Kinder; Gesundheitspolitik; Norwegen; Health and Inequality; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health; Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
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  17. The Age of Mass Migration in Argentina
    Social Mobility, Effects on Growth, and Selection Patterns
    Autor*in: Droller, Federico; Fiszbein, Martín; Pérez, Santiago
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Argentina was the second largest destination country during the Age of Mass Migration, receiving nearly six million migrants. In this article, we first summarize recent findings characterizing migrants' long-term economic assimilation and their... mehr

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    Argentina was the second largest destination country during the Age of Mass Migration, receiving nearly six million migrants. In this article, we first summarize recent findings characterizing migrants' long-term economic assimilation and their contributions to local economic development. The reviewed evidence shows that Europeans experienced rapid upward mobility in Argentina and immigration contributed positively to the process of economic development. We then turn our focus to the selection patterns of Italian migrants to Argentina--the largest migratory group to this destination. Our analysis of this initial stage of the migrants' history shows that Italians who moved to Argentina were positively selected on the basis of literacy, complementing existing evidence of rapid upward mobility and contribution to growth at destination

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31448
    Schlagworte: Internationale Migration; Arbeitsmigranten; Migranten; Italienisch; Soziale Mobilität; Wirkungsanalyse; Wirtschaftswachstum; Argentinien; International Migration; Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Latin America; Caribbean
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  18. Diversifying Society's Leaders? The Causal Effects of Admission to Highly Selective Private Colleges
    Autor*in: Chetty, Raj; Deming, David J.; Friedman, John N
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Leadership positions in the U.S. are disproportionately held by graduates of a few highly selective private colleges. Could such colleges -- which currently have many more students from high-income families than low-income families -- increase the... mehr

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    Leadership positions in the U.S. are disproportionately held by graduates of a few highly selective private colleges. Could such colleges -- which currently have many more students from high-income families than low-income families -- increase the socioeconomic diversity of America's leaders by changing their admissions policies? We use anonymized admissions data from several private and public colleges linked to income tax records and SAT and ACT test scores to study this question. Children from families in the top 1% are more than twice as likely to attend an Ivy-Plus college (Ivy League, Stanford, MIT, Duke, and Chicago) as those from middle-class families with comparable SAT/ACT scores. Two-thirds of this gap is due to higher admissions rates for students with comparable test scores from high-income families; the remaining third is due to differences in rates of application and matriculation. In contrast, children from high-income families have no admissions advantage at flagship public colleges. The high-income admissions advantage at private colleges is driven by three factors: (1) preferences for children of alumni, (2) weight placed on non-academic credentials, which tend to be stronger for students applying from private high schools that have affluent student bodies, and (3) recruitment of athletes, who tend to come from higher-income families. Using a new research design that isolates idiosyncratic variation in admissions decisions for waitlisted applicants, we show that attending an Ivy-Plus college instead of the average highly selective public flagship institution increases students' chances of reaching the top 1% of the earnings distribution by 60%, nearly doubles their chances of attending an elite graduate school, and triples their chances of working at a prestigious firm. Ivy-Plus colleges have much smaller causal effects on average earnings, reconciling our findings with prior work that found smaller causal effects using variation in matriculation decisions conditional on admission. Adjusting for the value-added of the colleges that students attend, the three key factors that give children from high-income families an admissions advantage are uncorrelated or negatively correlated with post-college outcomes, whereas SAT/ACT scores and academic credentials are highly predictive of post-college success. We conclude that highly selective private colleges currently amplify the persistence of privilege across generations, but could diversify the socioeconomic backgrounds of America's leaders by changing their admissions practices

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31492
    Schlagworte: Soziale Schicht; Elite; Bildungschancen; Hochschule; Privatuniversität; Personalauswahl; Studierende; Intergenerationale Übertragung; USA; Education and Inequality; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
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  19. Persistent Effects of Social Program Participation on the Third Generation
    Autor*in: Dahl, Gordon B.; Gielen, Anne C.
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Can participation in safety net programs have long-lasting negative effects across multiple generations? Prior work shows a 1993 Dutch disability insurance reform which tightened requirements and lowered benefits for participants resulted in better... mehr

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    Can participation in safety net programs have long-lasting negative effects across multiple generations? Prior work shows a 1993 Dutch disability insurance reform which tightened requirements and lowered benefits for participants resulted in better outcomes for their children. We study the third generation, finding that grandchildren of individuals whose DI eligibility and benefits were reduced are less likely to be born premature, have low birthweight, or experience complicated deliveries. They also have better health and schooling outcomes during early childhood. These early-life improvements are consequential, as they have been linked to better health, education, and labor market outcomes in adulthood

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w32212
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Sozialleistungen; Intergenerationale Übertragung; Behindertenhilfe; Sozialreform; Wirkungsanalyse; Dänemark; Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs; Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
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  20. The Long-Run Impacts of Public Industrial Investment on Local Development and Economic Mobility
    Evidence from World War II
    Autor*in: Garin, Andrew; Rothbaum, Jonathan L.
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper studies the long-run effects of government-led construction of manufacturing plants on the regions where they were built and on individuals from those regions. Specifically, we examine publicly financed plants built in dispersed locations... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This paper studies the long-run effects of government-led construction of manufacturing plants on the regions where they were built and on individuals from those regions. Specifically, we examine publicly financed plants built in dispersed locations outside of major urban centers for security reasons during the United States' industrial mobilization for World War II. Wartime plant construction had large and persistent impacts on local development, characterized by an expansion of relatively high-wage manufacturing employment throughout the postwar era. These benefits were shared by incumbent residents; we find men born before WWII in counties where plants were built earned $1,200 (in 2020 dollars) or 2.5 percent more per year in adulthood relative to those born in counterfactual comparison regions, with larger benefits accruing to children of lower-income parents. The balance of evidence suggests that these individuals benefited primarily from the local expansion of higher-wage jobs to which they had access as adults, rather than because of developmental effects from exposure to better environments during childhood

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w32265
    Schlagworte: Industrieanlage; Öffentliche Investition; Kommunale Investition; Wirkungsanalyse; Regionalentwicklung; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt; Weltkrieg; Kriegswirtschaft; USA; National Security and War; Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials; Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; U.S.; Canada: 1913-; Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes; Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers