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  1. Firm Responses to State Hiring Subsidies
    Regression Discontinuity Evidence from a Tax Credit Formula
    Autor*in: Hyman, Benjamin G.; Freedman, Matthew; Khanna, Shantanu; Neumark, David
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We examine firm responses to location-based hiring subsidies. We leverage institutional features of the California Competes Tax Credit (CCTC), a large-scale business incentive program that incorporates best practices from prior job creation policies.... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We examine firm responses to location-based hiring subsidies. We leverage institutional features of the California Competes Tax Credit (CCTC), a large-scale business incentive program that incorporates best practices from prior job creation policies. The CCTC award selection procedure combines formula-based and discretionary components. Leveraging applicant score eligibility cutoffs in a regression discontinuity design and taking advantage of rich longitudinal microdata on establishments and their parent firms, we find that firms expand activity in California in response to CCTC awards, particularly in disadvantaged parts of the state. Moreover, we find little evidence of spillovers to other states. Our results suggest that targeted and audited hiring subsidies can be effective in promoting local business expansions without significant cross-state displacement effects

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30664
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Subvention; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt; Beschäftigungseffekt; Wirkungsanalyse; USA; Business Taxes and Subsidies; State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue; Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects; Labor Demand; Public Policy; Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Government Policy; Regional Development Planning and Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  2. Minimum Lot Size Restrictions
    Impacts on Urban Form and House Price at the Border
    Autor*in: Gyourko, Joseph E.; McCulloch, Sean
    Erschienen: September 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We estimate the impact of more stringent minimum lot size restrictions across small border areas of neighboring communities using data from the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index (WRLURI) surveys. Economically meaningful effects are found... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We estimate the impact of more stringent minimum lot size restrictions across small border areas of neighboring communities using data from the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index (WRLURI) surveys. Economically meaningful effects are found on the built environment, not just house prices. Within 100 meters of the borders, housing density as reflected in the number of single family homes per acre is about 11% lower on average in the most restricted communities compared to the least restricted communities in terms of minimum lot sizes. Individual homes are bigger by about 80 square feet, an amount equal to about 4% of typical unit square footage. Lots are over 3,000 square feet larger in the most restricted compared to the least restricted communities' border areas, an increase equal to 28% of the sample mean lot size. Hence, among the smaller number of homes that exist in the most regulated places, their physical structures are modestly bigger and they sit on appreciably larger lots. Finally, house prices are nearly $30,000 higher in the more regulated border areas compared to the least regulated border areas. This price impact can be accounted for by differences in house quality, structure and lot size specifically, on the two sides of a border

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31710
    Schlagworte: Wohnimmobilien; Städtische Flächennutzung; Gemeinschaft; Grundstücksrecht; Immobilienpreis; USA; Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects; Real Estate Law; Housing Supply and Markets; Government Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  3. Policy Diffusion Through Elections
    Autor*in: Shigeoka, Hitoshi; Watanabe, Yasutora
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Staggered difference-in-differences designs are pervasive in policy evaluations but little is known about the mechanisms of policy diffusion: How and why do such policies spread across jurisdictions? In this study, we highlight the role of elections... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Staggered difference-in-differences designs are pervasive in policy evaluations but little is known about the mechanisms of policy diffusion: How and why do such policies spread across jurisdictions? In this study, we highlight the role of elections in policy diffusion in settings where municipal elections are asynchronous due to historical reasons. First, we empirically show the presence of policy diffusion using neighbors' election cycles as instruments for neighbors' policy adoption. Second, we further demonstrate interactions of municipalities' election cycles with neighbors' adoption and show that they follow neighbors' policy only during their own election timing, indicating that policy diffuses through elections

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31441
    Schlagworte: Kommunalpolitik; Kommunalwahl; Wahlverhalten; Differenz von Differenzen; USA; Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation; Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects; State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  4. Later-life Mortality and the Repeal of Federal Prohibition
    Autor*in: Jacks, David S.; Pendakur, Krishna; Shigeoka, Hitoshi; Wray, Anthony
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Despite a recent and dramatic re-evaluation of the health consequences of alcohol consumption, very little is known about the effects of in utero exposure to alcohol on long-run outcomes such as later-life mortality. Here, we investigate how state by... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Despite a recent and dramatic re-evaluation of the health consequences of alcohol consumption, very little is known about the effects of in utero exposure to alcohol on long-run outcomes such as later-life mortality. Here, we investigate how state by year variation in alcohol control arising from the repeal of federal prohibition affects mortality for cohorts born in the 1930s. We find that individuals born in wet states experienced higher later-life mortality than individuals born in dry states, translating into a 3.3% increase in mortality rates between 1990 and 2004 for affected cohorts

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31451
    Schlagworte: Alkoholkonsum; Alkoholpolitik; Kindersterblichkeit; Sterblichkeit; USA; Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health; Public Policy; U.S.; Canada: 1913-
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  5. How Much Are the Poor Losing From Tax Competition?
    Autor*in: Muñoz, Mathilde
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper quantifies the unequal welfare effects of tax competition. I derive the optimal tax and transfer schedules in a free mobility union composed of countries that can either compete or set a uniform federal tax rate. In the absence of fiscal... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    This paper quantifies the unequal welfare effects of tax competition. I derive the optimal tax and transfer schedules in a free mobility union composed of countries that can either compete or set a uniform federal tax rate. In the absence of fiscal coordination, governments internalize that any decentralized tax reform can lead to the out-migration of taxpayers at the top of the income distribution while increasing the in-migration of transfer recipients. As a result, the optimal level of redistribution is always lower in the tax competition equilibrium. Numerical calibrations show that being in a competition union rather than in a federal union decreases poorer individuals' welfare by up to -20 percent. In contrast, the rich experience higher welfare in the tax competition equilibrium due to lower tax rates

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31920
    Schlagworte: Steuerwettbewerb; Föderalismus; Steuerreform; Steuerpolitik; Verteilungswirkung; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; USA; Household; Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  6. Policy Responses to Tax Competition
    An Introduction
    Autor*in: Agrawal, David R.; Poterba, James M.; Zidar, Owen M.
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper catalogues policies that have been deployed by jurisdictions seeking to mitigate the effects of tax competition. There are many instruments in this policy arsenal, since the tax base associated with a particular tax instrument may be... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This paper catalogues policies that have been deployed by jurisdictions seeking to mitigate the effects of tax competition. There are many instruments in this policy arsenal, since the tax base associated with a particular tax instrument may be affected by multiple policy choices, including some such as capital controls and development incentives that are outside the traditional realm of tax policy. This paper describes sixteen instruments that both federal and sub-federal governments have adopted in an effort to limit tax competition. It classifies them into three groups: those that can be pursued unilaterally, those that require bilateral or multilateral agreement, and those that require action by an external actor such as an overarching government. It also discusses the set of economic responses that are relevant to the evaluation of these policies, and then summarizes new evidence on the impact of a subset of these policy instruments in the United States and several other nations

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w32090
    Schlagworte: Steuerwettbewerb; Steuerpolitik; Welt; Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue; Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents; Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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