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  1. Hartz IV and the decline of German unemployment
    a macroeconomic evaluation
    Autor*in: Hochmuth, Brigitte; Kohlbrecher, Britta; Merkl, Christian; Gartner, Hermann
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Wien

    This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the "Hartz IV" reform, which reduced the generosity of long-term unemployment benefits. We propose a model with different unemployment durations, where the reform initiates... mehr

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    This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the "Hartz IV" reform, which reduced the generosity of long-term unemployment benefits. We propose a model with different unemployment durations, where the reform initiates both a partial effect and an equilibrium effect. We estimate the relative importance of these two effects and the size of the partial effect based on the IAB Job Vacancy Survey. Our approach does not hinge on an external source for the decline in the replacement rate for long-term unemployed. We find that Hartz IV was a major driver for the decline of Germany's steady state unemployment and that partial and equilibrium effect were nearly of equal importance. In addition, we provide direct empirical evidence on labor selection, one potential dimension of recruiting intensity

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232038
    Schriftenreihe: IHS working paper ; 31 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: Unemployment benefits reform; search and matching; Hartz reforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Hartz IV and the decline of German unemployment
    a macroeconomic evaluation
    Autor*in: Hochmuth, Brigitte; Kohlbrecher, Britta; Merkl, Christian; Gartner, Hermann
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the “Hartz IV” reform, which reduced the generosity of long-term unemployment benefits. We propose a model with different unemployment durations, where the reform initiates... mehr

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    This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the “Hartz IV” reform, which reduced the generosity of long-term unemployment benefits. We propose a model with different unemployment durations, where the reform initiates both a partial effect and an equilibrium effect. We estimate the relative importance of these two effects and the size of the partial effect based on the IAB Job Vacancy Survey. Our approach does not hinge on an external source for the decline in the replacement rate for long-term unemployed. We find that Hartz IV was a major driver for the decline of Germany’s steady state unemployment and that partial and equilibrium effect were nearly of equal importance. In addition, we provide direct empirical evidence on labor selection, one potential dimension of recruiting intensity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235303
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8933 (2021)
    Schlagworte: unemployment benefits reform; search and matching; Hartz reforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Hartz IV and the decline of German unemployment
    a macroeconomic evaluation
    Autor*in: Hochmuth, Brigitte; Kohlbrecher, Britta; Merkl, Christian; Gartner, Hermann
    Erschienen: March 2, 2021
    Verlag:  Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute for Economics, [Nürnberg]

    This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the "Hartz IV" reform, which reduced the generosity of long-term unemployment benefits. We propose a model with different unemployment durations, where the reform initiates... mehr

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    This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the "Hartz IV" reform, which reduced the generosity of long-term unemployment benefits. We propose a model with different unemployment durations, where the reform initiates both a partial effect and an equilibrium effect. We estimate the relative importance of these two effects and the size of the partial effect based on the IAB Job Vacancy Survey. Our approach does not hinge on an external source for the decline in the replacement rate for long-term unemployed. We find that Hartz IV was a major driver for the decline of Germany's steady state unemployment and that partial and equilibrium effect were nearly of equal importance. In addition, we provide direct empirical evidence on labor selection, one potential dimension of recruiting intensity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231323
    Schriftenreihe: FAU discussion papers in economics ; no. 2019, 01
    Schlagworte: Unemployment benefits reform; search and matching; Hartz reforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The regional distribution of income and wages
    causes and consequences
    Autor*in: Immel, Lea
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  ifo Institut, München

    Lea Immel prepared this study while she was working at the Research Group Taxation and Fiscal Policy at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in September 2020 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of... mehr

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    Lea Immel prepared this study while she was working at the Research Group Taxation and Fiscal Policy at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in September 2020 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. It consists of four distinct empirical essays investigating the causes and consequences of regional di erences in the distribution of income and wages using county-level data from Germany. Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of the so-called Hartz reforms on income inequality in German regions. Chapter 3 investigates the long-term effect of university openings on the wage distribution in the surrounding area. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to the political consequences of regional income dispersion and examine the effect of relative economic deprivation on the support for radical right- and left-wing parties as well as on local fiscal policy. The chapters employ difference-in-differences, event study, and instrumental variable estimations to answer the respective research questions.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    ISBN: 9783959420938
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231649
    Schriftenreihe: ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung ; 94 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Labor market policy; income inequality; wages; Germany; Hartz reforms; universities; knowledge spillovers; local labor markets; economic deprivation; political polarization; radical voting; poverty; taxation; fiscal policy; public services; difference-in-differences; event study; instrumental variables
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 200 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Universität München, 2020
  5. The impact of labor market reforms on income inequality
    evidence from the German Hartz reforms
    Autor*in: Immel, Lea
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    In this paper, I study the distributional consequences of the German Hartz reforms, a set of four comprehensive labor market reforms implemented in Germany between 2003 and 2005. I exploit regional variation in the intensity German counties were... mehr

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    In this paper, I study the distributional consequences of the German Hartz reforms, a set of four comprehensive labor market reforms implemented in Germany between 2003 and 2005. I exploit regional variation in the intensity German counties were affected by the reforms to estimate the causal effect of the Hartz reforms on income inequality. My results suggest that the Hartz reforms have led to a small increase in income inequality. Testing for potential transmission channels, I find that the increase in inequality is partly due to a direct monetary impact of the last Hartz reform, Hartz IV, on the income of households relying on government transfers. Another part can be explained by a rise in the share of transfer recipients. In contrast, the Hartz reforms did not increase income inequality via a rise in labor supply or part-time work, via an increase in (full-time) wage inequality nor via an increase in the number of income earners per household.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/231543
    Schriftenreihe: Ifo working papers ; 347 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Labor market policy; income inequality; wages; Germany; Hartz reforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Public employment agency reform, matching efficiency, and German unemployment
    Autor*in: Merkl, Christian; Sauerbier, Timo
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute for Economics, [Nürnberg]

    Our paper aims at improving the understanding for the role of public employment agencies in job matching. We analyze the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching... mehr

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    Our paper aims at improving the understanding for the role of public employment agencies in job matching. We analyze the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on two microeconomic datasets, we show that the market share of the Federal Employment Agency as job intermediary declined after the Hartzreforms. We propose a macroeconomic model of the labor market with a private and a public search channel and fit the model to various dimensions of the data. We show that direct intermediation activities of the Federal Employment Agency did not contribute to the decline of unemployment in Germany. By contrast, improved activation of unemployed workers reduced unemployed by 0.7 percentage points.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248837
    Schriftenreihe: FAU discussion papers in economics ; no. 2022, 01
    Schlagworte: Hartz reforms; search and matching; reform of employment agency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Efficiency and distributional effects of German labor market institutions
    Autor*in: Lammers, Alexander
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, Dortmund

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2003/40840
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmarkt; Betriebsrat; Arbeitnehmervertretung; Hartz-Reform; Einkommensverteilung; Lohnquote; Labor market institutions; Voluntary employee representation; Managerial incentives; Works council; Hartz reforms; Employment growth; Labor share; Income distribution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 221 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Technische Universität Dortmund, 2022
  8. The determinants of displaced workers’ wages
    sorting, matching, selection, and the Hartz reforms
    Autor*in: Woodcock, Simon D.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  [Simon Fraser University, Department of Economics], [Burnaby]

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    Schriftenreihe: [Discussion papers] / [Simon Fraser University, Department of Economics] ; [dp 22, 04]
    Schlagworte: Displacement; wages; fixed effects; decomposition; Hartz reforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Public employment agency reform, matching efficiency, and German unemployment
    Autor*in: Merkl, Christian; Sauerbier, Timo
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on... mehr

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    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on two microeconomic datasets, we show that the market share of the Federal Employment Agency as job intermediary declined after the Hartz-reforms. We propose a macroeconomic model of the labor market with a private and a public search channel and fit the model to various dimensions of the data. We show that direct intermediation activities of the Federal Employment Agency did not contribute to the decline of unemployment in Germany. By contrast, improved activation of unemployed workers reduced unemployed by 0.8 percentage points. Through the lens of an aggregate matching function, more activation is associated with a larger matching efficiency.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267451
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15714
    Schlagworte: Hartz reforms; search and matching; reform of employment agency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Public employment agency reform, matching efficiency, and German unemployment
    Autor*in: Merkl, Christian; Sauerbier, Timo
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on... mehr

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    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on two microeconomic datasets, we show that the market share of the Federal Employment Agency as job intermediary declined after the Hartz reforms. We propose a macroeconomic model of the labor market with a private and a public search channel and fit the model to various dimensions of the data. We show that direct intermediation activities of the Federal Employment Agency did not contribute to the decline in unemployment in Germany. By contrast, improved activation of unemployed workers reduced unemployed by 0.8 percentage points. Through the lens of an aggregate matching function, more activation is associated with a larger matching efficiency.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271972
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10328 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Hartz reforms; search and matching; reform of employment agency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Public employment agency reform, matching efficiency, and German unemployment
    Autor*in: Merkl, Christian; Sauerbier, Timo
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on... mehr

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    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on two microeconomic datasets, we show that the market share of the Federal Employment Agency as job intermediary declined after the Hartz reforms. We propose a macroeconomic model of the labor market with a private and a public search channel and fit the model to various dimensions of the data. We show that direct intermediation activities of the Federal Employment Agency did not contribute to the decline in unemployment in Germany. By contrast, improved activation of unemployed workers reduced unemployed by 0.8 percentage points. Through the lens of an aggregate matching function, more activation is associated with a larger matching efficiency.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/270313
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 1185 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Schlagwort; Hartz reforms; search and matching; reform of employment agency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Public employment agency reform, matching efficiency, and German unemployment
    Autor*in: Merkl, Christian; Sauerbier, Timo
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on... mehr

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    Our paper analyzes the role of public employment agencies in job matching, in particular the effects of the restructuring of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany (Hartz III labor market reform) for aggregate matching and unemployment. Based on two microeconomic datasets, we show that the market share of the Federal Employment Agency as job intermediary declined after the Hartz reforms. We propose a macroeconomic model of the labor market with a private and a public search channel and fit the model to various dimensions of the data. We show that direct intermediation activities of the Federal Employment Agency did not contribute to the decline in unemployment in Germany. By contrast, improved activation of unemployed workers reduced unemployed by 0.8 percentage points. Through the lens of an aggregate matching function, more activation is associated with a larger matching efficiency.

     
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    hdl: 10419/270313
    Schriftenreihe: SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research ; 1185 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Schlagwort; Hartz reforms; search and matching; reform of employment agency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen