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  1. Revisiting the question of extending the limits of protection of pharmaceutical patents and data outside the EU
    the need to rebalance
    Autor*in: Acquah, Daniel Opoku
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  South Centre, Geneva

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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232253
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / South Centre ; 127 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Access to Medicines; Biologics; Bolar; Data Exclusivity; European Union (EU); Flexibilities; Free Trade Agreements (FTAs); Generic Medicines; Health; India; Innovation; Intellectual Property; Intellectual Property (IP) Enforcement; Patent; Patent Term; Pharmaceuticals; TRIPS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten)
  2. TRIPS flexibilities on patent enforcement
    lessons from some developed countries relating to pharmaceutical patent protection
    Autor*in: Sarnoff, Joshua D.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  South Centre, Geneva

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232243
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / South Centre ; 119 (October 2020)
    Schlagworte: Access to Medicines; Affordable Medicines; Canada; Compulsory Licenses; COVID-19; Flexibilities; Generic Medicines; Health; Injunction; Innovation; Intellectual Property; Pandemic; Patent; Patent Linkage; Permanent Injunction; Pharmaceuticals; Preliminary Injunction; Public Health; TRIPS; United States (US)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten)
  3. TRIPS flexibilities and access to medicines
    an evaluation of barriers to employing compulsory licenses for patented pharmaceuticals at the WTO
    Autor*in: Wong, Anna S. Y.; Cole, Clarke B.; Kohler, Jillian Clare
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  South Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

    Under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO members may validly sanction the use of a patented invention without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 751
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO members may validly sanction the use of a patented invention without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have historically employed compulsory licenses to compel originator manufacturers to license their patents to generic manufacturers before patent expiry, increasing the supply and reducing the price of patented pharmaceuticals domestically. This paper evaluates the three primary barriers to employing compulsory licenses for pharmaceuticals underscored by members during TRIPS waiver discussions at the WTO: (1) a lack of enabling domestic legislation, (2) a lack of domestic manufacturing capacity coupled with an unworkable Article 31bis importation system, and (3) consistent political pressure from other members to refrain from issuing compulsory licenses. A survey of members' domestic compulsory license legislation finds that virtually all members have enacted enabling legislation under Article 31 for the issuance of compulsory licenses to supply their local markets. However, implementation of Article 31bis is limited by a lack of enabling compulsory license export legislation, streamlined administrative processes, or both across all members, preventing members lacking domestic manufacturing capacity from importing pharmaceuticals. An analysis of USTR Special 301 Reports from 1994-2021 further reveals that countries have consistently been placed on the Special 301 Report Priority Watch List for issuing pharmaceutical compulsory licenses, with instances as recent as 2020. As such, general reluctance by members to issue compulsory licenses due to overt political pressure through the Special 301 Report is likely warranted. These results highlight a range of barriers preventing the full use of compulsory licenses for pharmaceuticals under the current Article 31 and 31bis framework, with the effects disproportionately borne by member states lacking domestic manufacturing capacity.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278265
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / South Centre ; 168 (28 October 2022)
    Schlagworte: Access to Medicines; Article 31 TRIPS; Article 31bis; Compulsory Licenses; COVID-19; Flexibilities; Generic Medicines; Intellectual Property; Pandemic; Patent; Pharmaceuticals; Public Health; TRIPS; TRIPS Agreement; TRIPS Flexibilities; TRIPS Waiver; US Special Section 301; World Trade Organization (WTO)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen