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  1. Mitigation and adaptation to sanctions and the pandemic
    special focus 1: The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Iran: a Preliminary Assessment : special focus 2: Understanding Poverty Trends in Iran during 2016/17–2018/19 with Poverty Simulation from Gasoline Reform and the COVID-19 Outbreak
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    The recession in Iran accelerated in 2019-20 as United States (U.S.) sanctions further tightened. Inflation has gradually declined as the impact of the sharp depreciation of the rial in 2018-19 dissipated but foreign exchange reserves remain limited.... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Online
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    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 732
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    The recession in Iran accelerated in 2019-20 as United States (U.S.) sanctions further tightened. Inflation has gradually declined as the impact of the sharp depreciation of the rial in 2018-19 dissipated but foreign exchange reserves remain limited. The growing gross borrowing needs has increased the government’s reliance on debt issuance and withdrawals from strategic reserves. Negative economic growth and high inflation coupled with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) will put further pressure on household livelihoods in 2020-21. The current unique situation of Iran’s economy presents significant downside risks for the baseline macroeconomic outlook. The country’s economic and social challenges disproportionately impact the lower income decile households who have faced significant economic pressure. Any increase in the value of cash transfers, along with introducing targeting mechanisms, can help the poor cope with the social-economic shocks, but fiscal constraints may limit the scope for significant response

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34045
    Schriftenreihe: Iran economic monitor ; Spring 2020
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftslage; Armutsbekämpfung; Coronavirus; Sanktion; Iran; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EMPLOYMENT; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; GASOLINE SUBSIDY; INEQUALITY; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; POVERTY; RISK MANAGEMENT; SANCTIONS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Oil-driven recovery
    special focus on: Iran’s Pension System: the Need for Reform and Towards Water Security in Iran: Challenges and Opportunities
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 732
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook for the country. Its coverage has ranged from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Iran

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/27556
    Schriftenreihe: Iran economic monitor ; Spring 2017
    Schlagworte: ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; FISCAL TRENDS; JOBS; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; OIL REVENUE; PENSIONS; TRADE; WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; WATER SCARCITY
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Weathering economic challenges
    special focus topic: Understanding the Latest Poverty Trends in Iran (2009–2016)
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Iranʼs GDP growth in 2017/18 eased considerably as the effect of large surge in oil revenues in the previous year dissipated. After undergoing an oil-based bounce in the economy in 2016/17, the economy registered a 3.8 percent growth in 2017/18 with... mehr

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    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 732
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Iranʼs GDP growth in 2017/18 eased considerably as the effect of large surge in oil revenues in the previous year dissipated. After undergoing an oil-based bounce in the economy in 2016/17, the economy registered a 3.8 percent growth in 2017/18 with the overwhelming majority of growth coming from the non-oil sectors. More than half of the growth can be attributed to services which grew by 4.4 percent. Oil, agriculture and services sectors are now back above the levels of activity they were prior to sanctions in 2012. But there was not a strong bounce back in the past two years for key sectors such as construction and trade, restaurant and hotel services following the stagnation in growth during the period of sanctions. The oil and gas sector witnessed a growth of 0.9 percent.Limited by the (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) OPEC quota for the agreed period, increasing production capacity or maintaining current production levels in the coming years would require a substantial increase in investments in the sector. However, the reintroduction of sanctions on the oil and gas sector in November 2018 by the United States (US) will mean the issue of export payments rather than investment needs will come to the fore

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/31028
    Schriftenreihe: Iran economic monitor ; Fall 2018
    Schlagworte: ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EXCHANGE RATES; EXTERNAL TRADE; FISCAL TRENDS; INEQUALITY; JOB CREATION; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; OIL PRODUCTION; POVERTY LINE; POVERTY MEASUREMENT; POVERTY REDUCTION; PUBLIC FINANCE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Sustaining growth
    the challenge of job creation
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC

    The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
    Signatur:
    Online
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 732
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook for the country. Its coverage has ranged from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. This edition covers the economic growth of Iran for the year 2016. Growth performance in 2016 exceeded expectations based on the bounce back in oil production and exports. The economy registered a record growth rate of 13.4 percent according to the new GDP data published by the Central Bank of Iran. While Iran’s economy is relatively diversified for a resource-rich country, oil proceeds still play a crucial role in public finances and external accounts. Iran’s ability to increase production in 2016, despite the cuts agreed to by the rest of the OPEC members helped bring production near its pre-sanctions levels. The surge in exports led to an improvement in the current account surplus, to 3.9 percent of GDP in 2016, as growth in imports remained stagnant. Increased oil production and exports brought an increase in government revenues, however, the improvement was not enough to offset the widening expenditures; the fiscal deficit grew from 1.7 percent in 2015 to an estimated 2.2 percent in 2016. Creating fiscal space for growth will be important especially in view of the expected burden from securitization of government arrears and growing pension system liabilities. Iran managed to achieve single digit inflation in 2016, but inflationary pressures resurfaced towards the end of the year and in early 2017, as liquidity rose and the Iranian Rial continued to depreciate. Job creation remained limited. In the medium-term, the growth rates are expected to revert to an average of 4 percent, reflecting modest reintegration with the global economy in banking, trade and investment. There are significant downside risks, both domestic and external, to this moderate medium-term outlook

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/29440
    Schriftenreihe: Iran economic monitor ; Fall 2017
    Schlagworte: DEBT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EMPLOYMENT; FISCAL TRENDS; JOB CREATION; JOBS; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR MARKET; MONETARY POLICY; PENSIONS; PUBLIC FINANCE; RISKS; TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. A nation under pressure
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, [Washington, DC]

    Economic activity is expected to contract in 2020, owing to political uncertainty and the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite a return to economic growth in 2019, failure to approve a state budget for 2020, renewed political... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Online
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 734
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    Economic activity is expected to contract in 2020, owing to political uncertainty and the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite a return to economic growth in 2019, failure to approve a state budget for 2020, renewed political uncertainty, and the global COVID-19 outbreak have all considerably weighed down prospects for 2020. In addition, recent heavy rains caused floods that affected thousands of people and many businesses. Given these mutually reinforcing negative effects, the GDP growth forecast for 2020 has been lowered from 4.6 percent (as projected in the October 2019 report) to -4.8 percent. However, this projection is still subject to much uncertainty. In particular, the economic impacts of COVID-19 will largely depend on the direct impact of the virus, the scope and duration of the public health measures adopted, as well as the economic policy response. The Special Focus discusses some of the economic transmission channels and puts forward a set of policy interventions that may help cushion the impact on businesses and people’s livelihoods

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/33749
    Schriftenreihe: Timor-Leste economic report ; April 2020
    Schlagworte: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; HEALTH CRISIS; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT; RISKS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Unleashing the private sector
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, [Washington, DC]

    Following a two-year recession, economic activity is expected to recover in 2019. Public spending, which has traditionally been the key driver of economic growth, increased by 16 percent in the first half of 2019 when compared to the same period in... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Online
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    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
    Fernleihe:
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
    Fernleihe:
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 734
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Following a two-year recession, economic activity is expected to recover in 2019. Public spending, which has traditionally been the key driver of economic growth, increased by 16 percent in the first half of 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018. Higher spending was predominantly focused on current expenditure, while capital spending was more subdued. Only a more dynamic private sector will enable the economy to grow faster and in a more sustainable way. Policy priorities for increasing firm performance include increasing firm access to finance, skills and affordable inputs, as well as easing firm entry and reducing regulatory uncertainty. Additional policy areas for reform may include the foreign direct investment (FDI) regime (affecting entry) and the insolvency and creditor rights system (affecting exit)

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/32818
    Schriftenreihe: Timor-Leste economic report ; October 2019
    Schlagworte: ACCESS TO FINANCE; BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FIRM PERFORMANCE; FISCAL TRENDS; FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; MONETARY POLICY; PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT; REGULATION; RISKS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Moving beyond uncertainty
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, [Washington, DC]

    The Timor-Leste Economic Report provides an up-to-date assessment of key economic developments, presents the World Bank's forecasts and outlook for Timor-Leste and provides an in-depth examination of selected policy issues relevant to Timor-Leste.... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Online
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    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 734
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    The Timor-Leste Economic Report provides an up-to-date assessment of key economic developments, presents the World Bank's forecasts and outlook for Timor-Leste and provides an in-depth examination of selected policy issues relevant to Timor-Leste. The TLER is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Timor-Leste’s evolving economy

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/31706
    Schriftenreihe: Timor-Leste economic report ; April 2019
    Schlagworte: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE SHOCKS; CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; FISCAL TRENDS; INFLATION; MALNUTRITION; MONETARY POLICY; POVERTY REDUCTION; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; PUBLIC INVESTMENT; RISKS; TRADE DEFICIT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Regaining momentum?
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, [Washington, DC]

    The economic outlook for 2018 remains uncertain, partly hinging on the execution of the state budget. Economic activity was sluggish in the first half of 2018, as inferred by lacklustre public spending, weakened trade levels, and slower credit... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Online
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    Standort:
    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    VS 734
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    The economic outlook for 2018 remains uncertain, partly hinging on the execution of the state budget. Economic activity was sluggish in the first half of 2018, as inferred by lacklustre public spending, weakened trade levels, and slower credit growth. The recently approved 2018 budget proposes a substantial expenditure increase in the last four months of the year, to offset eighteen months of constrained spending. This presents a significant challenge for the public sector and budget execution rates may be lower than usual, due to the limited time to spend funds. Moreover, a proportion of the 2018 budget will be used to settle previous financial commitments for activities already undertaken, expenditure arrears, rather than create new economic activity. Overall, it is unlikely that this expansionary fiscal stance will considerably influence domestic economic activity in the short-term. GDP is forecast to grow by 0.8 percent in 2018, under a fairly positive scenario for budget execution. Political uncertainty affected consumer and business confidence until recently, but private investment may pick up in late 2018. The construction sector is set to recover, partly through the Tibar Bay Port, as well as agriculture if weather conditions are favourable. The broader implications of two consecutive years of disappointing economic performance are yet to be gauged, such as the impact on employment levels and earnings, labour productivity, and household incomes. In the medium-term, economic growth is expected to recover by 2019

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/30998
    Schriftenreihe: Timor-Leste economic report ; October 2018
    Schlagworte: CONSTRUCTION; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EDUCATION QUALITY; EXTERNAL TRADE; FISCAL TRENDS; MONETARY POLICY; PUBLIC SERVICES; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. An uncertain recovery
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    As elsewhere in the world, in the Western Balkans the COVID-19 pandemic has plunged countries into deep recession. Because of the recession, labor market conditions have taken a turn for the worse and welfare improvements have been interrupted,... mehr

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    Standort:
    Orient-Institut Beirut
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    Online
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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Standort:
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Fachhochschule Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 735
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    Standort:
    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    As elsewhere in the world, in the Western Balkans the COVID-19 pandemic has plunged countries into deep recession. Because of the recession, labor market conditions have taken a turn for the worse and welfare improvements have been interrupted, although government response measures cushioned the blow. Policy efforts in the region need to remain focused on fighting the pandemic, limiting the economic damage and facilitating recovery

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Western Balkans regular economic report ; no. 18 (Fall 2020)
    Schlagworte: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC RECESSION; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FINANCIAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; INFLATION; JOB SUPPORT PROGRAM; LABOR MARKET; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; POLICY REFORM; POVERTY REDUCTION
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Rising uncertainties
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Improving the efficiency and equity of public spending and strengthening revenue mobilization remains a priority in all Western Balkan countries. Public sector wage bills and pensions constitute the largest share of public spending in the region.... mehr

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    Improving the efficiency and equity of public spending and strengthening revenue mobilization remains a priority in all Western Balkan countries. Public sector wage bills and pensions constitute the largest share of public spending in the region. Tighter controls on wage bills, reducing tax expenditures, and better targeting of social benefits would open space for more public investment, improve equity, and enable the build-up of fiscal buffers to mitigate rising risks. As outlined in this report, fiscal rules can help anchor spending and fiscal sustainability. However, their credibility in the region needs to be restored after they have been repeatedly breached in some countries. Fiscal management reforms are needed as a part of broader structural reforms that help increase the region's export competitiveness. This includes strengthening state institutions that protect the rule of law and private sector competition to unleash productivity growth and innovation by enabling a level playing field between firms. Together, these reforms would help unlock stronger, more equitable, and more sustainable growth, ensuring faster convergence with EU income levels. A strong commitment to sound macro-fiscal policy and structural reforms was always important—rising uncertainties have made it an imperative

     
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    hdl: 10986/32532
    Schriftenreihe: Western Balkans regular economic report ; no. 16 (Fall 2019)
    Schlagworte: ACCESS TO FINANCE; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EMPLOYMENT; EUROBONDS; EXPORTS; FISCAL TRENDS; FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; INFLATION; MONETARY POLICY; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; PUBLIC FINANCE; RISKS
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  11. Vulnerabilities slow growth
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    GDP growth in the Western Balkans slowed from 3.1 percent in 2016 to an estimated 2.4 percent in 2017. Regional growth in 2017 is less optimistic than the 2.6 percent expected when the Fall issue of this report was published. It slowed in Serbia due... mehr

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    GDP growth in the Western Balkans slowed from 3.1 percent in 2016 to an estimated 2.4 percent in 2017. Regional growth in 2017 is less optimistic than the 2.6 percent expected when the Fall issue of this report was published. It slowed in Serbia due to a harsh winter and stalled in FYR Macedonia, where the political crisis deterred both public and private investment. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) grew at a rate like the last two years. The dynamism of the smaller economies of Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro drove regional growth in 2017, with support from higher growth in trading partners, a pickup in commodity prices, and the execution of large investment projects. Bold structural reforms are necessary if the region is to grow sustainably over the medium term. Regional GDP growth is projected to rise from 2.4 percent in 2017 to 3.2 percent in 2018 and 3.5 percent in 2019. Countries are expected to grow faster, pushed up by projected stronger growth in Europe, except for Albania, where moderation is expected as large investment projects are completed, and Montenegro, which is expected to undergo a much-needed fiscal consolidation. Among risks to the outlook are trade protectionism, normalization of interest rates globally, and low potential growth and uncertainty about domestic policy or policy reversals. These risks can be mitigated by rationalizing spending to build fiscal space for growth-enhancing reforms, and by a more strategic approach to boost competitiveness. Policies to lift physical and human capital, expand labor force participation, and improve market institutions should help raise growth potential and reduce inequality

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Western Balkans regular economic report ; no. 13 (Spring 2018)
    Schlagworte: ACCESS TO FINANCE; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; EXPORTS; FISCAL TRENDS; JOB CREATION; MONETARY POLICY; NON-PERFORMING LOANS; REVENUE COLLECTION
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Job creation picks up
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This is a semi-annual report series on recent economic developments and economic policies in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia). The report looks at the economic performance and... mehr

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    This is a semi-annual report series on recent economic developments and economic policies in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia). The report looks at the economic performance and outlook for the Western Balkans region and specific factors that affect the growth prospects

     
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    hdl: 10986/28883
    Schriftenreihe: Western Balkans regular economic report ; no. 12 (Fall 2017)
    Schlagworte: CREDIT MARKETS; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; FISCAL TRENDS; MONETARY POLICY; POVERTY REDUCTION; REFORM AGENDA
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  13. Towards a sustained recovery
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, [Washington, DC]

    This report uses innovative data to investigate the economic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Timor-Leste is a relatively data-scarce country, which poses a considerable challenge for real-time evidence-based policymaking. Data on... mehr

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    This report uses innovative data to investigate the economic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Timor-Leste is a relatively data-scarce country, which poses a considerable challenge for real-time evidence-based policymaking. Data on overall economic activity is published on an annual basis, household and enterprise surveys are infrequent, and administrative data is often inaccessible or incomplete. Proxy indicators are typically used to gauge recent economic trends. However, the breadth and depth of the shocks induced by Coronavirus (COVID-19) call for the use of novel high frequency data sources to better monitor their economic impacts. Therefore, this report uses data on human mobility, online and social media, transport traffic and satellite imagery. These alternative sources of data provide a valuable complement to existing official statistics by offering additional insights on economic activity. Findings from existing Coronavirus (COVID-19) surveys are also reported

     
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    hdl: 10986/34748
    Schriftenreihe: Timor-Leste economic report ; October 2020
    Schlagworte: CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL TRENDS; LIVING STANDARDS; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; POVERTY; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE; RISKS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Fighting COVID-19
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    In February 2020, the coronavirus outbreak interrupted the recovery that was underway in the Europe and Central Asia region earlier in the year. Given the rapidly evolving situation, this update summarizes the recent developments and growth outlook... mehr

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    In February 2020, the coronavirus outbreak interrupted the recovery that was underway in the Europe and Central Asia region earlier in the year. Given the rapidly evolving situation, this update summarizes the recent developments and growth outlook for the region under different scenarios regarding the outbreak. Although the magnitudes are uncertain, the pandemic is likely to derail the near-term outlook by interrupting daily activity, putting further downward pressure on commodity prices, disrupting tightly linked global and regional supply chains, reducing travel and tourist arrivals, and decreasing demand for exports from economies in the region. There are trade-offs between the health benefits of policies to slow down the spread of the disease and the economic costs of these actions. During these difficult times, it is important for policy makers to act decisively to save lives and invest in their public health systems; but also minimize the economic cost by strengthening the safety net for the most vulnerable; supporting the private sector through short-term credit, tax breaks, or subsidies; and being prepared to lower interest rates and inject liquidity to restore financial stability and boost confidence

     
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    ISBN: 9781464815645
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    hdl: 10986/33476
    Schriftenreihe: Europe and Central Asia economic update ; spring 2020
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Coping-Strategie; Europa; Zentralasien; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC SHOCK; FISCAL TRENDS
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  15. COVID-19 and human capital
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    The COVID-19 pandemic has hit human capital directly in Europe and Central Asia, adversely affecting both education and health. School closures may lead to learning losses equivalent to a third to a full year of schooling, and they are likely to... mehr

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has hit human capital directly in Europe and Central Asia, adversely affecting both education and health. School closures may lead to learning losses equivalent to a third to a full year of schooling, and they are likely to exacerbate inequalities, by disproportionately affecting students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The disease has already killed thousands of people, and some patients who survive will suffer long-term damage to their health. Recovery from the pandemic will thus require strong investment in education and health. This update examines human capital outcomes in the region and the ways in which the pandemic is likely to affect them. A focus on the quality of tertiary education and health risk factors of obesity, smoking, and heavy drinking highlights the challenges that are particularly important for the region. Post-COVID 19 policy initiatives to improve education and health will need to recognize the challenges posed by increased reliance on remote learning and the importance of being prepared for future pandemics, given the vulnerability of the region’s aging societies and the large number of people with underlying health risks

     
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    ISBN: 9781464816437
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    hdl: 10986/34518
    Schriftenreihe: Europe and Central Asia economic update ; fall 2020
    Schlagworte: Humankapital; Coronavirus; Wirkungsanalyse; Europa; Zentralasien; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC SHOCK; FISCAL TRENDS; HUMAN CAPITAL; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 180 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. How transparency can help the Middle East and North Africa
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Due to the dual shocks of the spread of the virus and lower oil prices, World Bank economists expect output of MENA to decline in 2020. This is in sharp contrast to the growth forecast of 2.6 percent published in October 2019. The growth downgrade of... mehr

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    Due to the dual shocks of the spread of the virus and lower oil prices, World Bank economists expect output of MENA to decline in 2020. This is in sharp contrast to the growth forecast of 2.6 percent published in October 2019. The growth downgrade of 3.7 percentage points is arguably a measure for the costs associated with the dual shocks of Covid-19 and the oil price collapse. These numbers are tentative. The true impact depends on future developments of the dual shocks, policy and society’s response, which depends on the transparent use of health and economic data. We recommend a two-step approach: It might be desirable to focus first on responding to the health emergency and the associated economic contraction. Fiscal consolidation and structural reforms associated with the persistent drop in oil prices and pre-existing challenges are also very important, but with proper external support, can wait until the health emergency subsides. Nevertheless, the MENA region has challenges that predate the crisis – it has been growing far slower than its peers. Had MENA’s growth of output per capita been the same as that of a typical peer economy over the past two decades, the region’s real output per capita would be at least 20% higher than what it is today. A large part of MENA’s low growth is arguably due to a lack of transparency. MENA is the only region that dropped in data transparency and capacity since 2005. We estimate that this has cost MENA 7-14 percent in GDP per capita losses since 2005. Lack of transparency hinders credible analyses of many important issues, two of which are highlighted in the report. First, lack of data transparency hampers credible analyses on the region’s debt sustainability – an important issue to examine after the crisis. MENA countries vary greatly in their debt reporting standards. World Bank economists and other external analysts do not have access to vital information about many types of public debt. Second, the unemployment and informality numbers in the region are debatable since MENA countries rely on varying definitions of employment with little harmonization across the region or with respect to international standards. This affects analyses of unemployment and informality

     
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    hdl: 10986/33475
    Schriftenreihe: MENA economic update ; April 2020
    Schlagworte: Transparenz; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration; Mittlerer Osten; Nordafrika; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC SHOCK; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL BALANCE; FISCAL TRENDS; OIL EXPORTERS; OIL EXPORTS; OIL IMPORTERS; OIL IMPORTS; OIL PRICES; PRODUCTIVITY
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Trading together
    reviving Middle East and North Africa regional integration in the post-Covid era
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    The MENA Economic Update is a product of the World Bank's Office of the Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa. This presents the short-term, macroeconomic outlook and economic challenges facing countries in the region mehr

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    The MENA Economic Update is a product of the World Bank's Office of the Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa. This presents the short-term, macroeconomic outlook and economic challenges facing countries in the region

     
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    hdl: 10986/34516
    Schriftenreihe: MENA economic update ; October 2020
    Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, October 2020
    Schlagworte: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration; Coronavirus; Wirkungsanalyse; Mittlerer Osten; Nordafrika; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL TRENDS; OIL EXPORTERS; OIL IMPORTERS; OIL PRICES; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY; REGIONAL INTEGRATION; TRADE POLICY
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  18. From COVID-19 to climate change
    how Vietnam can become the champion of green recovery
    Autor*in: Morisset, Jacques; Madani, Dorsati
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

    In these early days of De ... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    In these early days of De ...

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34961
    Schriftenreihe: Taking stock ; December 2020
    Schlagworte: Klimawandel; Coronavirus; Wirtschaftslage; Vietnam; CLIMATE CHANGE; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC PROSPECTS; ECONOMIC RESILIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE; EXTERNAL SECTOR; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GREEN GROWTH; MONETARY POLICY; PANDEMIC IMPACT; RECOVERY; RISKS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Fiscal adjustment in Latin America and the Caribbean
    short-run pain, long-run gain? : semiannual report Office of the Regional Chief Economist, April 2018
    Autor*in: Végh, Carlos A.; Vuletin, Guillermo; Riera-Crichton, Daniel; Friedheim, Diego; Morano, Luis; Camarena, José Andrée
    Erschienen: April 2018
    Verlag:  World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

    After a growth slowdown that lasted six years, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has finally turned the corner and resumed growth at a modest rate of 1.1 percent in 2017 and 1.8 percent expected in 2018. This reflects a more favorable... mehr

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    After a growth slowdown that lasted six years, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has finally turned the corner and resumed growth at a modest rate of 1.1 percent in 2017 and 1.8 percent expected in 2018. This reflects a more favorable external environment, particularly a recovery in commodity prices. In spite of the benign external environment, most LAC countries still face a fragile fiscal situation. While gradual fiscal adjustments have started in several countries, most countries are still running fiscal deficits and debt levels are high. Further fiscal consolidation is needed to preserve the substantial gains achieved by the region in recent times, in terms of lower inflation, less poverty and inequality, and inclusive growth. This Semiannual Report analyzes the complex decisions regarding fiscal adjustment policies

     
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    ISBN: 9781464812903
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    hdl: 10986/29666
    Schriftenreihe: LAC Semiannual Report ; April 2018
    Schlagworte: Haushaltsdefizit; Haushaltskonsolidierung; Lateinamerika; Karibischer Raum; ELASTICITY; FISCAL ADJUSTMENT; FISCAL TRENDS; GROWTH; HOUSEHOLD INCOME INEQUALITY; INEQUALITY; LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION; LABOR INCOME INEQUALITY; SLOWDOWN; TERMS OF TRADE; UNEMPLOYMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. The Human Capital Index 2020 update
    human capital in the time of COVID-19
    Beteiligt: Gatti, Roberta (HerausgeberIn); Kraay, Aart (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    Human capital - the knowl ... mehr

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    Human capital - the knowl ...

     
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    Beteiligt: Gatti, Roberta (HerausgeberIn); Kraay, Aart (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
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    ISBN: 9781464816475
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34432
    Schriftenreihe: The Human Capital Index 2020 update
    Schlagworte: Humankapital; Coronavirus; Index; Welt; COVID-19; Pandemie; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Armut; GENDER GAP; CHILD HEALTH; MATERNAL HEALTH; HEALTH SERVICES; ACCESS TO SANITATION; CASH TRANSFERS; FISCAL TRENDS; FISCAL SPACE; VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS; SOCIAL PROTECTION; EDUCATION QUALITY; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; CHILD MORTALITY; COVID-19; CORONAVIRUS; PANDEMIC IMPACT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, circa 214 Seiten), Diagramme, Illustrationen
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    Tabellen, Literaturverzeichnisse, Literaturhinweise
  21. Safeguarding human capital during and beyond COVID-19
    assessing Africa's policies and institutions
    Erschienen: August 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    The 2020 Africa Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) report covers the period from January to December 2019. The addition of Somalia brought the number of the region’s International Development Association (IDA)–eligible countries to... mehr

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    The 2020 Africa Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) report covers the period from January to December 2019. The addition of Somalia brought the number of the region’s International Development Association (IDA)–eligible countries to 39. The overall CPIA score for the region’s 39 IDA-eligible countries came in at 3.1, the same as in the previous three years, in a context of moderating per capita growth. The average scores for most of the CPIA clusters trended down in 2019. While the average score for the economic management cluster was unchanged from last year’s assessment, the average scores for the other three clusters—structural policies, social inclusion, and public management and institutions—declined, indicating that the quality of policies and institutions in the region’s IDA countries weakened in 2019. The weakening of structural policies was reflected in the decline in the quality of trade policy, uneven improvements in the regulations affecting factor and product markets, and further deterioration of the financial sector performance. In the area of social inclusion, many countries experienced a decrease in the quality of service delivery that affects access to and quality of health and education services. In the broader area of governance, limited progress was made in strengthening property rights, and transparency and accountability. In addition, the quality of public administration declined, and financial management systems and revenue mobilization capacity weakened in many countries

     
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  22. Country partnership framework for the Republic of Rwanda
    FY21-FY26
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

    Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African... mehr

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    Rwanda is widely celebrated for the remarkable social, political, and economic renaissance it has experienced in the years following the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994. However, Rwanda appears to have relatively higher poverty rates than African peers with similar income per capita, and its elasticity of poverty reduction to growth is low compared to high‐growing SSA peers. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas and among households with many children. Rwanda now faces challenges in fully translating its very strong growth into commensurate gains in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group’s (WBG) plans for addressing the country’s development priorities as identified in the 2019 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and Rwanda’s National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) well as supporting Rwanda’s response to the Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic to recover from the negative public health and socio‐economic impacts of the pandemic. The CPF takes into account Rwanda’s anti‐crisis response program as of mid‐May 2020, including the government’s emergency Economic Recovery Plan, although it will likely continue to evolve in coming months. It was agreed with the authorities that should the situation warrant considerable changes to the government’s strategy and its program with the WBG, the Performance and Learning Review (PLR) will be brought forward to accommodate such changes. The CPF spans two IDA cycles, IDA19 (July 2020 to June 2023) and IDA 20 (July 2023 to June 2026). Given the country’s preference for frontloading its IDA commitment, and a track record of making good use of additional IDA resources available, Rwanda will explore the use of additional resources from IDA windows

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34682
    Schlagworte: Internationale Zusammenarbeit; Ruanda; CHILD HEALTH; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; DEVELOPMENT AGENDA; DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES; DEVELOPMENT FINANCE; EXTREME POVERTY; FISCAL TRENDS; IDA19 LENDING; INEQUALITY; JOB CREATION; MATERNAL HEALTH; PANDEMIC IMPACT; POVERTY REDUCTION; RESULTS MATRIX; RISK MANAGEMENT; SHARED PROSPERITY; WORLD BANK GROUP PORTFOLIO
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Islamic Republic of Pakistan
    leveling the playing field : systematic country diagnostic
    Erschienen: September 16, 2020
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD)—the first to be conducted in Pakistan—is aimed at informing Pakistan’s ongoing structural reform process and providing an analytical base for the World Bank Group’s (WBG) engagement moving forward. It presents... mehr

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    This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD)—the first to be conducted in Pakistan—is aimed at informing Pakistan’s ongoing structural reform process and providing an analytical base for the World Bank Group’s (WBG) engagement moving forward. It presents a timely and evidence-based assessment of the constraints that the country needs to address, and the opportunities that it can embrace, to sustainably accelerate progress toward the goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. The SCD, while focusing on developments in the past two decades, builds on the extensive analytical work conducted under the “Pakistan100 – Shaping the Future” study and reflects inputs from the WBG’s previous and ongoing stakeholder consultations. This SCD was completed before the COVID-19 pandemic struck, and the analysis presented in the report primarily uses data released up until end-February 2020

     
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  24. Living with debt
    how institutions can chart a path to recovery in the Middle East and North Africa
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be... mehr

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    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be 7.2% below where it would be in 2021 without the pandemic. The region’s average GDP per capita is estimated to have declined 5.3 percent in 2020 and expected to rebound by only 0.6 percent in 2021. The number of poor people in the region—those making less than the $5.50 per day poverty line—is expected to increase from 176 million in 2019 to a conservative estimate of 192 million people by the end of 2021. The region’s public debt is expected to rise significantly. Most notably, MENA oil importers have the highest levels of debt. As the region copes with the economic consequences of the pandemic, most countries will face tensions between short-term needs and the long-term risks of debt-financed government spending. Countries must make tough choices along the road to recovery. During the pandemic, fiscal spending is arguably best used to support vulnerable families and invest in public health—such as disease surveillance, data transparency, and vaccinations. Public health investment as a short-term response to the pandemic could also bring long-term gains. As the pandemic subsides, there are good reasons to be cautious with additional fiscal stimulus, especially for countries with high debt, poor governance, and lack of transparency. After the pandemic, economic growth remains the most sustainable way to reduce the debt-GDP ratio, and this requires much-needed deep structural reforms. Strong institutions can chart a path to recovery. Investing in testing, disease surveillance, and data transparency can reduce the economic costs of the pandemic. As the pandemic subsides, effective and transparent pandemic surveillance would help boost demand from domestic and foreign sources. Good governance in public investment decisions can raise the effectiveness of public investment. Public debt transparency can help reduce borrowing costs. Institutional reforms can be implemented with limited fiscal costs and hold the promise of boosting long-run growth

     
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    hdl: 10986/35275
    Schriftenreihe: MENA economic update ; April 2021
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Schulden; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Antizyklische Finanzpolitik; Coronavirus; MENA-Staaten; BUDGET TRANSPARENCY; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; DEBT SUSTAINABILITY; DEBT TRANSPARENCY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL BALANCE; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GOVERNANCE; INSTITUTIONS; OIL EXPORTER; OIL IMPORTER; OIL PRICE; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY; PUBLIC DEBT; PUBLIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
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  25. Living with debt
    how institutions can chart a path to recovery in the Middle East and North Africa
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be... mehr

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    Economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remain in crisis. The World Bank estimates the regional output to have contracted 3.8 percent in 2020 and expects it to rebound by only 2.2 percent in 2021. The regional output is expected to be 7.2% below where it would be in 2021 without the pandemic. The region’s average GDP per capita is estimated to have declined 5.3 percent in 2020 and expected to rebound by only 0.6 percent in 2021. The number of poor people in the region—those making less than the $5.50 per day poverty line—is expected to increase from 176 million in 2019 to a conservative estimate of 192 million people by the end of 2021. The region’s public debt is expected to rise significantly. Most notably, MENA oil importers have the highest levels of debt. As the region copes with the economic consequences of the pandemic, most countries will face tensions between short-term needs and the long-term risks of debt-financed government spending. Countries must make tough choices along the road to recovery. During the pandemic, fiscal spending is arguably best used to support vulnerable families and invest in public health—such as disease surveillance, data transparency, and vaccinations. Public health investment as a short-term response to the pandemic could also bring long-term gains. As the pandemic subsides, there are good reasons to be cautious with additional fiscal stimulus, especially for countries with high debt, poor governance, and lack of transparency. After the pandemic, economic growth remains the most sustainable way to reduce the debt-GDP ratio, and this requires much-needed deep structural reforms. Strong institutions can chart a path to recovery. Investing in testing, disease surveillance, and data transparency can reduce the economic costs of the pandemic. As the pandemic subsides, effective and transparent pandemic surveillance would help boost demand from domestic and foreign sources. Good governance in public investment decisions can raise the effectiveness of public investment. Public debt transparency can help reduce borrowing costs. Institutional reforms can be implemented with limited fiscal costs and hold the promise of boosting long-run growth

     
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    ISBN: 9781464816994
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    hdl: 10986/35275
    Schriftenreihe: MENA economic update ; April 2021
    Schlagworte: Öffentliche Schulden; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Antizyklische Finanzpolitik; Coronavirus; MENA-Staaten; BUDGET TRANSPARENCY; CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; CURRENT ACCOUNT; DEBT SUSTAINABILITY; DEBT TRANSPARENCY; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK; ECONOMIC RECOVERY; EXTERNAL BALANCE; FISCAL BALANCE; FISCAL POLICY; FISCAL TRENDS; GOVERNANCE; INSTITUTIONS; OIL EXPORTER; OIL IMPORTER; OIL PRICE; PANDEMIC IMPACT; PANDEMIC RESPONSE; PRODUCTIVITY; PUBLIC DEBT; PUBLIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Gesehen am 29.04.2021