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  1. Designing pro-health competition policies in developing countries
  2. The neofunctional logic of EU external competition policy engagement
    multilateral relations
    Autor*in: Plavec, Patrik
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  UNU-CRIS, Bruges

    This working paper examines the conditions under which the European Union (EU) engages externally in competition policy. In addition, it tests the appropriateness of applying a neofunctionalist approach to specify the conditions under which the EU... mehr

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    This working paper examines the conditions under which the European Union (EU) engages externally in competition policy. In addition, it tests the appropriateness of applying a neofunctionalist approach to specify the conditions under which the EU engages externally in this policy area. The working paper examines the EU’s horizontal engagement through bilateral enforcement cooperation agreements, competition provisions in free trade agreements (FTA) and its role as a legislative model for unilateral adoption by third countries and regional blocs. Accordingly, by disaggregating the dependent variable of EU external engagement into four modes of engagement – policy export, policy promotion, policy protection and policy import – this study finds that neo-functionalism correctly specifies the conditions under which the EU engages externally in competition policy. The working paper finds, where direct policy export through bilateral agreements is unfeasible, the EU seeks to engage in policy promotion horizontally through bilateral cooperation enforcement agreements and competition policy provisions in FTAs with major trade partners as an alternative mode of external engagement. Additionally, the study finds that the neofunctionalist approach also helps explain the documented incremental, unilateral adoption of EU competition policies and laws by third countries. The EU’s external engagement through bilateral agreements and policy diffusion is examined using a mixed methods approach.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / UNU-CRIS ; 09 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Competition Policy; Neofunctionalism; European Union; Externalisation; Global Governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
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  3. The neofunctional logic of EU external competition policy engagement
    bilateral relations
    Autor*in: Plavec, Patrik
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  UNU-CRIS, Bruges

    This working paper examines the conditions under which the European Union (EU) engages externally in competition policy and tests the appropriateness of applying a neofunctionalist approach for specifying the conditions under which the EU engages... mehr

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    This working paper examines the conditions under which the European Union (EU) engages externally in competition policy and tests the appropriateness of applying a neofunctionalist approach for specifying the conditions under which the EU engages externally in this policy area. The working paper examines the EU’s horizontal engagement through bilateral enforcement cooperation agreements, competition provisions in free trade agreements (FTA) and its role as a legislative model for unilateral adoption by third countries and regional blocs. Accordingly, by disaggregating the dependent variable of EU external engagement into four modes of engagement – policy export, policy promotion, policy protection and policy import – this study finds that neo-functionalism correctly specifies the conditions under which the EU engages externally in competition policy. The working paper finds that where direct policy export through bilateral agreements is unfeasible, the EU seeks to engage in policy promotion horizontally through bilateral cooperation enforcement agreements and competition policy provisions in FTAs with major trade partners as a second-best mode of external engagement. Additionally, the study finds that the neofunctionalist approach also helps explain the documented incremental, unilateral adoption of EU competition policies and laws by third countries. The EU’s external engagement through bilateral agreements and policy diffusion is examined using a mixed methods approach

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / UNU-CRIS ; 10 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Competition Policy; Neofunctionalism; European Union; Externalisation; Global Governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
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    Gesehen am 08.12.2021

  4. Eighteen years after Doha
    an analysis of the use of public health TRIPS flexibilities in Africa
  5. Rising corporate market power
    emerging policy issues

    Corporate market power has risen in recent decades, and new estimates in this note suggest that the likely wave of small and medium-sized enterprise bankruptcies from the ongoing pandemic will further strengthen market concentration. Whether and how... mehr

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    Corporate market power has risen in recent decades, and new estimates in this note suggest that the likely wave of small and medium-sized enterprise bankruptcies from the ongoing pandemic will further strengthen market concentration. Whether and how policymakers should address this issue is hotly debated. This note provides new evidence on the policy relevance of rising market power and highlights possible implications for the design of competition policy frameworks and macroeconomic policies

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781513512082
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF staff discussion note ; SDN/21, 01 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: Market power; business dynamism; mergers and acquisitions; competition policy; digital economy; monetary policy; Business Dynamism; Competition Policy; Digital Economy; Market Power; Mergers and Acquisitions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Autonomous algorithmic collusion: economic research and policy implications

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1210
    Schlagworte: Algorithmic Pricing; Antitrust; Competition Policy; Artificial Intelligence; Collusion; Platforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Between stabilization and allocation in the MENA region
    are competition laws helping?
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Economic Research Forum ; no. 1319 (July 2019)
    Schlagworte: Competition Policy; Competition Law; MENA region; Structural vs Cyclical GDP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Gender and collusion
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf, Germany

    Many cartels are formed by individual managers of different firms, but not by firms as collectives. However, most of the literature in industrial economics neglects individuals' incentives to form cartels. Although oligopoly experiments reveal... mehr

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    Many cartels are formed by individual managers of different firms, but not by firms as collectives. However, most of the literature in industrial economics neglects individuals' incentives to form cartels. Although oligopoly experiments reveal important insights on individuals acting as firms, they largely ignore individual heterogeneity, such as gender differences. We experimentally analyze gender differences in prisoner's dilemmas, where collusive behavior harms a passive third party. In a control treatment, no externality exists. To study the influence of social distance, we compare subjects' collusive behavior in a within-subjects setting. In the first game, subjects have no information on other players, whereas they are informed about personal characteristics in the second game. Results show that guilt-averse women are significantly less inclined to collude than men when collusion harms a third party. No gender difference can be found in the absence of a negative externality. Interestingly, we find that women are not sensitive to the decision context, i.e., even when social distance is small they hardly behave collusively when collusion harms a third party.

     

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    ISBN: 9783863043797
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ; no 380
    Schlagworte: Collusion; Cartels; Competition Policy; Antitrust; Gender Differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Direito brasileiro da concorrência e acesso à saúde no Brasil
    preços exploratórios no setor de medicamentos
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  South Centre, Genebra, Suíça

    This paper aims to analyze the interfaces between Brazilian Competition Law and the issue of access to medicines, with special focus on abuses of industrial property rights in their exclusionary and exploitative effects. The paper analyzes the case... mehr

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    This paper aims to analyze the interfaces between Brazilian Competition Law and the issue of access to medicines, with special focus on abuses of industrial property rights in their exclusionary and exploitative effects. The paper analyzes the case law of the Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) in the medicines sector and discusses the abuses aiming at the illegitimate imposition of non-existent or invalid intellectual property rights with anticompetitive purposes. It then addresses the abuses in the exercise of industrial property rights that are, in themselves, valid: exclusionary practices aimed at artificially raising barriers to entry, and exploitative practices, directly translated into the exercise of market power to the detriment of the consumer. The latter are turned into exploitative excessive prices, contractual degradations, quality or privacy degradations, as well as restrictions on supply such as hoarding/impediment to the exploitation of industrial property rights. The paper concludes that the prohibition of exploitative pricing under the current competition law is legally valid and effective, with certain methodological concerns in order to minimize the risk of wrongful convictions (such as the construction of “screening” tests of markets that are candidates for intervention). In view of such guidelines, the pharmaceutical industry appears to be an important candidate for antitrust attention, given the magnitude of the damages potentially derived from the non-intervention on the practice. Remedies in this area, importantly, should focus on identifying and solving the sector’s structural competitive problems. In the case of drugs subject to price regulation by the Drugs Market Regulation Chamber (CMED), the technical expertise of the competition authority may be of great value in competition advocacy, which is demonstrated in light of the recent discussions about extraordinary price adjustments due to competitive problems in a given market.

     

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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
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    hdl: 10419/262116
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / South Centre ; 143 (11 de janeiro de 2022)
    Schlagworte: Access to Healthcare; Access to Medicines; Antitrust; Brazil; Competition; Competition Law; Competition Policy; Competition Regulation; COVID-19; Health; Industrial Property; Industrial Property Rights; Intellectual Property; Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Pandemic; Pharmaceuticals
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten)
  10. Mobile payments and interoperability
    insights from the academic literature
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1279
    Schlagworte: Mobile Payments; Interoperability; Financial Inclusion; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  11. Brazilian competition law and access to health in Brazil
    exploitative pricing in the pharmaceutical sector
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  South Centre, Geneva

    This paper aims to analyze the interfaces between Brazilian Competition Law and the issue of access to medicines, with a special focus on abuse of industrial property rights and related exclusionary and exploitative effects. The paper analyzes the... mehr

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    This paper aims to analyze the interfaces between Brazilian Competition Law and the issue of access to medicines, with a special focus on abuse of industrial property rights and related exclusionary and exploitative effects. The paper analyzes the case law of Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) in the pharmaceutical sector and discusses abusive practices such as illegitimately imposing non-existent or invalid intellectual property rights with anticompetitive purposes. It then addresses abusive strategies in the exercise of industrial property rights which are, in essence, valid: i.e., exclusionary practices, aimed at artificially raising barriers to entry; and exploitative practices, directly translated as the exercise of market power to the detriment of the consumer. The latter ultimately result in exploitative excessive prices; contractual, quality or privacy degradation; and restrictions on supply, such as by hoarding/preventing the exploitation of industrial property rights. The paper concludes that the prohibition of exploitative pricing under the current competition law is legally valid and effective, with certain methodological concerns towards reducing the risk of wrongful convictions (for instance, by applying screening tests to determine the markets that are candidates for intervention). In view of such guidelines, the pharmaceutical industry appears to be an important candidate for antitrust attention, given the magnitude of the harm potentially derived from non-intervention against the practice. Remedies in this area, importantly, should focus on identifying and solving the sector's structural competitive problems. In the case of medicines subject to price regulation by the Drug Market Regulation Chamber (CMED), the technical expertise of the competition authority may be of great value in terms of competition advocacy, a fact that is demonstrated in light of recent discussions on extraordinary price adjustments because of competitive problems in certain markets.

     

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    hdl: 10419/270388
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / South Centre ; 143 (11 January 2022)
    Schlagworte: Access to Healthcare; Access to Medicines; Antitrust; Brazil; Competition; Competition Law; Competition Policy; Competition Regulation; COVID-19; Health; Industrial Property; Industrial Property Rights; Intellectual Property; Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Pandemic; Pharmaceuticals
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten)
  12. Competition in digital markets
    a review of expert reports
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL

    Digital markets are at the forefront of competition policy. Over the past five years, antitrust regulators around the world have opened many investigations on digital platforms and issued and/or commissioned dozens of studies or expert reports that... mehr

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    Digital markets are at the forefront of competition policy. Over the past five years, antitrust regulators around the world have opened many investigations on digital platforms and issued and/or commissioned dozens of studies or expert reports that are focused on understanding the general competitive dynamics of markets such as online search, social media, e-commerce/marketplaces, and mobile operating systems. These studies and reports represent the forefront of our current understanding of how to adapt antitrust policy to the digital era. However, much of their wealth of knowledge is lost because these documents, which add up to thousands of pages of text, figures and tables, have been scattered around the websites of different competition agencies. This literature review consolidates the knowledge of twenty-two reports and studies on topics related to competition in digital markets issued by eighteen different authorities and expert panels around the world over the past five years. It addresses how these reports portray the general competitive dynamics of digital markets, the benefits generated by digitalization, the potential competitive shortcomings of digital markets in general and of well-defined relevant markets in particular, and the solutions that have been proposed to increase competition in the digital world. It also indicates areas where further academic research is needed. In doing so, it should serve as a guide to antitrust scholars, regulators, and practitioners, helping them understand the frontier of knowledge on the competitive dynamics of digital markets and the range of materials that are available for those who want to explore a certain topic more in-depth.

     

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    hdl: 10419/262705
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Chicago Booth, Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State ; no. 303 (October 2020)
    Schlagworte: Antitrust; Competition Policy; Digital Markets; Regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 107 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Evaluating the impact of divestitures on competition
    evidence from Alberta's wholesale electricity market
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  University of Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics, [Edmonton, Alberta]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics ; no. 2023, 02
    Schlagworte: Electricity; Market Power; Competition Policy; Divestitures
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Information and transparency
    using machine learning to detect communication
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  University of Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics, [Edmonton, Alberta]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics ; no. 2023, 06
    Schlagworte: Machine Learning; Electricity; Market Power; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. A decade of competition policy in Arab countries
    a de jure and de facto assessment
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Economic Research Forum ; no. 1301 (March 2019)
    Schlagworte: [FS]Competition Policy; [FS]Arab Countries; [FS]de jure vs de facto; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Non-price effects of mergers and acquisitions
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf, Germany

    In this paper, we summarize the economic literature on non-price effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Specifically, we discuss the effects of M&As on innovation, product variety, and sustainability. Although the relationship is theoretically... mehr

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    In this paper, we summarize the economic literature on non-price effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Specifically, we discuss the effects of M&As on innovation, product variety, and sustainability. Although the relationship is theoretically ambiguous, the vast majority of ex-post evaluations of horizontal M&As finds large negative effects on innovation inputs and outputs. Results are mixed for outcomes related to variety and product quality. Literature on merger effects on sustainability is still scarce and not conclusive so far. Overall, the existing literature indicates that non-price effects of horizontal mergers seem to amplify negative consequences for consumers from price increases through reduced competition. We derive a number of ideas and options for merger policy

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ; no 402
    Schlagworte: Merger; Competition Policy; Innovation; R&D; Product Variety; Sustainability
    Umfang: 42 Seiten
  17. Rising corporate market power
    emerging policy issues

    Corporate market power has risen in recent decades, and new estimates in this note suggest that the likely wave of small and medium-sized enterprise bankruptcies from the ongoing pandemic will further strengthen market concentration. Whether and how... mehr

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    Corporate market power has risen in recent decades, and new estimates in this note suggest that the likely wave of small and medium-sized enterprise bankruptcies from the ongoing pandemic will further strengthen market concentration. Whether and how policymakers should address this issue is hotly debated. This note provides new evidence on the policy relevance of rising market power and highlights possible implications for the design of competition policy frameworks and macroeconomic policies

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513512082
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF staff discussion note ; SDN/21, 01 (March 2021)
    Schlagworte: Market power; business dynamism; mergers and acquisitions; competition policy; digital economy; monetary policy; Business Dynamism; Competition Policy; Digital Economy; Market Power; Mergers and Acquisitions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Examen voluntario entre homólogos del derecho y la política de competencia
    Paraguay
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Naciones Unidas, Genève

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    Sprache: Spanisch
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    ISBN: 9789210027304
    Schriftenreihe: Examen voluntario entre homólogos del derecho y la política de competencia
    Publicación de las Naciones Unidas
    Schlagworte: Competition Law; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten)
  19. Competition and consumer protection policies for sustainability
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations, Geneva

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    ISBN: 9789210024600
    Schriftenreihe: United Nations publication
    Schlagworte: Consumer Protection; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  20. Mobile payments and interoperability
    insights from the academic literature
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, [Basel]

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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: BIS working papers ; no 1092
    Schlagworte: Mobile Payments; Interoperability; Financial Inclusion; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The UNCTAD Model Law on Competition after 30 years
    some reflections
    Erschienen: 2024
    Verlag:  United Nations, Geneva

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789213587416
    Schlagworte: Competition Law; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten)
  22. Challenges and pitfalls in cartel policy and fining
    Erschienen: November 2017
    Verlag:  CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations, Montréal

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Scientific series / CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations ; 2017s, 20
    Schlagworte: Competition Policy; Industrial Economics; Regulations; Cartels; Fines; Leniency; Antitrust; Dynamics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Non-price effects of mergers and acquisitions
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf, Germany

    In this paper, we summarize the economic literature on non-price effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Specifically, we discuss the effects of M&As on innovation, product variety, and sustainability. Although the relationship is theoretically... mehr

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    In this paper, we summarize the economic literature on non-price effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Specifically, we discuss the effects of M&As on innovation, product variety, and sustainability. Although the relationship is theoretically ambiguous, the vast majority of ex-post evaluations of horizontal M&As finds large negative effects on innovation inputs and outputs. Results are mixed for outcomes related to variety and product quality. Literature on merger effects on sustainability is still scarce and not conclusive so far. Overall, the existing literature indicates that non-price effects of horizontal mergers seem to amplify negative consequences for consumers from price increases through reduced competition. We derive a number of ideas and options for merger policy.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783863044015
    Weitere Identifier:
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ; no 402
    Schlagworte: Merger; Competition Policy; Innovation; R&D; Product Variety; Sustainability
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten)
  24. Competition compliance programs
    the experience of Latin America
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations, Geneva

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    Medientyp: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789213585962
    Schriftenreihe: United Nations publication
    Schlagworte: Competition Law; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Examen voluntario entre homólogos del derecho y la política de competencia
    Paraguay
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Naciones Unidas, Genève

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    Sprache: Spanisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789210027304
    Schriftenreihe: Examen voluntario entre homólogos del derecho y la política de competencia
    Publicación de las Naciones Unidas
    Schlagworte: Competition Law; Competition Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen